• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.50.1-50.11
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• 2020

Osteoporosis is prevalent in elderly women and it may cause dental implant failure. In particular, estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women leads to higher rates of osteoporosis prevalence. Immune cell-mediated effects involving the development of osteoporosis have been studied previously; however, the role of IL-10-producing regulatory B (B10) cells in osteoporosis is largely unclear. Here, we examined the role of B10 cells in osteoporosis. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX). Fifteen weeks after OVX surgery, the first molar of the right maxillary was extracted, and twenty-four weeks after OVX surgery, serous progression of osteoporosis was observed in the alveolar bone. Moreover, the proportion of CD19⁺CD5⁺CD1d^high regulatory B cells, B10, and CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ regulatory T cells from the spleen of OVX mice decreased during the progression of osteoporosis, compared to controls. In contrast to regulatory cells, IL-17-producing Th (Th17) cell levels were increased in OVX mice. Adoptive transfer of B10 cells to OVX mice led to a decrease in Th17 cell abundance and inhibited the development of osteoporosis in the alveolar bone from OVX mice. Thus, our results suggest that B10 cells may help suppress osteoporosis development.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.284-295
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) on the alveolar bone metabolism in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in mice to enhance the understanding of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated alveolar bone loss. Following the induction of CIA in animals (mice, n=16), mandibles were retrieved for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and isolation of alveolar bone cells (ABCs). In vitro osteogenic potentials of ABCs were evaluated and the mRNA expression of downstream effector genes was assessed. CIA was successfully induced in all animals, and micro-CT data showed that alveolar bone loss was significantly increased in the CIA group while the treatment of EGCG prevented the alveolar bone resorption. Osteogenesis by ABCs was significantly increased in the CIA+EGCG group in vitro. The analysis of mRNA expressions showed that osteoclastogenesis-associated genes were increased in CIA group while bone protecting genes were upregulated in EGCG treated group. The results demonstrate that EGCG downregulated the alveolar bone resorption in a CIA model in mice, and upregulation of bone protecting genes appear to be involved. Further studies are warranted.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.188-195
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• 2000

Using Ginseng saponins (crude saponin and total saponin) and ginsenoside Rbl Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rhl, and Rh2 in this study, we have examined the effects of the compounds on the induction of differentiation in normal rat mammary epithelial cells and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumor cells in culture. When normal rat mammary organoids were cultured in 100-mm culture plates in the presence or absence of ginseng saponins, there were four different cell colonies after two weeks in culture: cobble stone, spindle, honey comb, and senescence type colonies. Ginseng saponins showed different effects on the development of each colonies. Scrape-loading dye transfer tech-nique was performed to measure the effects of total saponin, Rhl, and Rh2 on intercellular junctional communication. Intercellular communication was not observed at short cultilral time, e.g., four or seven days, but when it cultured it up to two weeks, cell to cell communication was observed in saponin-treated cells. Reconstituted basement membrane, Matrigel, supported the growth and development several different multicellular structures from normal mammary organoids (e.g., ductal, webbed, stellate, and squamous colonies) or DMBA-induced mammary tumor (e.g., alveolar unit, foamy alveolar unit, squamous metaplasia, lobule-ductal, stellate, and webbed colony). In ginseng saponin-treated groups, webbed colonies were more and squamous colonies were less than control group. Moreover, the ductal colonies, marker tructure of well-differentiate mammary epithelial cells, were developed more in saponin-treated group than in control group. In conclusion, ginseng saponins affected on the differentiation of normal rat mammary epithelial cells and DMBA-induced mammary tumor cells in culture.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.224-233
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• 2018

Primary cilia are solitary, non-motile, axonemal microtubule-based antenna-like organelles that project from the plasma membrane of most mammalian cells and are implicated in transducing hedgehog signals during development. It was recently proposed that aberrant SHH signaling may be implicated in the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, the distribution and role of primary cilia in IPF remains unclear. Here, we clearly observed the primary cilia in alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells of human normal lung tissue. Then, we investigated the distribution of primary cilia in human IPF tissue samples using immunofluorescence. Tissues from six IPF cases showed an increase in the number of primary cilia in alveolar cells and fibroblasts. In addition, we observed an increase in ciliogenesis related genes such as IFT20 and IFT88 in IPF. Since major components of the SHH signaling pathway are known to be localized in primary cilia, we quantified the mRNA expression of the SHH signaling components using qRT-PCR in both IPF and control lung. mRNA levels of SHH, the coreceptor SMO, and the transcription factors GLI1 and GLI2 were upregulated in IPF compared with control. Furthermore, the nuclear localization of GLI1 was observed mainly in alveolar epithelia and fibroblasts. In addition, we showed that defective KIF3A-mediated ciliary loss in human type II alveolar epithelial cell lines leads to disruption of SHH signaling. These results indicate that a significant increase in the number of primary cilia in IPF contributes to the upregulation of SHH signals.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 2002

The melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is a rare neoplasm arising in the first year of life. A 33-day-old female infant had an enlarged alveolar ridge on the right anterior maxilla. Intraoral examination revealed a nonulcerative swelling at the site. An intraoral radiograph showed an ill-defined radiolucency on the right anterior maxilla and displacement of primary incisors from their alveolar sockets. CT scans revealed an expansion of the surrounding bone and partial destruction of the anterior wall of the premaxilla. Histopathologic examination showed the cytoplasm of neuroblastic cells and eosinophilic, epithelioid cells frequently contained a dark brown granular pigment that stained positively to vimentin and HMB45, focally positive to NSE and cytokeratin. Four weeks after the operation, CT scans showed a rapidly growing soft tissue mass occupying right maxillary sinus encroaching to the orbit and nasal cavity. The final diagnosis was made as a malignant melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.254-259
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• 2021

Two cases of sudden death without clinical signs in a four-month-old female Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) and sixteen-month-old female Holstein (Bos taurus taurus) were investigated. Severe pneumonia and septicemia were found on postmortem examination. Petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages were present in the subcutaneous tissues of the neck region. The lungs remained expanded without collapsing, and the mediastinal lymph nodes were enlarged. A significant number of hemorrhagic bubbles were present in the tracheal lumen. On histopathology, the alveolar blood vessels were moderately congested, and inflammatory cells and multinucleated syncytial cells were found in the alveolar space. The pathogen isolated from the lesion was identified as Bibersteinia trehalosi using MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene and sodA gene sequence analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. trehalosi infection in cattle in Korea.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 2000

Purpose: To elucidate the effects of the irradiation and calcium-deficient diet on expression of interleukin (IL)-1 during tooth formation of rat molar. Materials and Methods: The pregnant three-week-old Spague-Dawley rats were used for the study. The control group was non-irradiation/normal diet group, and the experimental groups were irradiation/normal diet group and irradiation/calcium-deficient diet group. The abdomen of the rats on the 9th day of pregnancy were irradiated with single dose of 350 cGy, The rat pups were sacrificed on the 14th day after delivery and the maxillae tooth germs were taken. The specimen were prepared to make sections for light microscopy, and some of tissue sections were stained immunohistochemically with anti-IL-l antibody. Results: In the irradiation/normal diet group, dental follicle showed fewer blood vessels, mononuclear cells, and fusions of mononuclear cells than in non-irradiation/normal diet group. Alveolar bone showed a few osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Periodontal ligament showed collagen fibers and fibroblasts with irregularity. Weak immunoreactivity for IL-l was shown in dental follicle, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament. In the irradiation/calcium-deficient diet group, dental follicle showed sparse cellularity. Alveolar bone showed diminished number of osteoblasts. Periodontal ligament showed irregular collagen fibers and atrophy of cementoblasts and fibroblasts. No immunoreactivity for IL-1 was shown in dental follicle, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament. Conclusion: Irradiation and calcium-deficient diet seems to cause disturbance of the expression of interleukin-l during tooth formation of rat molar.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.177-183
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• 1997

One cytopathogenic virus was isolated in alveolar macrophages from pig without any apparent respiratory clinical signs. Biophysical properties and electron microscopy of the isolate showed the characteristics of adenovirus. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen in virus-inoculated cells. The genetic analysis indicated the presence of DNA with the size of >20Kb. In a serological survey of 40 serum samples collected from two different farms in slaughter house, 9 sera were positive for neutralizing antibody against the isolate. The potential implications of the isolate as the causative agent in respiratory disorder were discussed.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.42.1-42.21
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• 2023

When the lungs are infected with bacteria, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are recruited to the site and play a crucial role in protecting the host by reducing excessive lung inflammation. However, the regulatory mechanisms that trigger the recruitment of AMs to lung alveoli during an infection are still not fully understood. In this study, we identified a critical role for NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in the recruitment of AMs during Staphylococcus aureus lung infection. We found that NOX4 knockout (KO) mice showed decreased recruitment of AMs and increased lung neutrophils and injury in response to S. aureus infection compared to wildtype (WT) mice. Interestingly, the burden of S. aureus in the lungs was not different between NOX4 KO and WT mice. Furthermore, we observed that depletion of AMs in WT mice during S. aureus infection increased the number of neutrophils and lung injury to a similar level as that observed in NOX4 KO mice. Additionally, we found that expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) in NOX4 KO mice-derived lung endothelial cells was lower than that in WT mice-derived endothelial cells. Therefore, we conclude that NOX4 plays a crucial role in inducing the recruitment of AMs by controlling ICAM1 expression in lung endothelial cells, which is responsible for resolving lung inflammation during acute S. aureus infection.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2003

As we know, alveolar soft part sarcoma is usually found at the head region in children and thigh in adults. It is very rare tumor that has poor prognosis due to its late detection after distant metastasis in spite of its slow growth rate. It is histologically characterized by pseudoalveolar pattern tumor cells. And metastasis usually occur in the site of lung, brain and skeleton in order lately. We have managed two cases of the sarcoma, one which took place in relatively rare part, pelvic bone and has spread to the brain, the other which primarily occured in the calf. For its varity, we report these two cases with reviewing of the literatures.