• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2004

In the FMAS system the effect of iron on alumina solubility in orthopyroxene has been determined by experiments with crystalline starting mixtures of garnet and orthopyroxene of known initial compositions at 20 kb, 975$^{\circ}C$ and 25 kb, 1,200$^{\circ}C$. These data have been modeled to develop a thermodynamic method for the calculation of Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ in orthopyroxene as a function of P, T and composition. The direct application of the alumina solubility data in the MAS system to natural assemblages could lead to significant overestimation of pressure, probably by about 5kb for the relatively common garnet-lherzolites with abot 25 mol per cent Ca + Fe$^{2+}$ in garnet and about 1 wt. per cent Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$ in orthopyroxene since the effect of Fe is similar to that of Ca and Cr$^{3+}$in reducing the alumina solubility in orthopyroxene in equilibrum with garnet relative to that in the MAS system.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.834-842
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• 1997

Controlled Ca impurity implanted inner crack-like pore in the high purity alumina single crystal, sapphire, had been created by micro-fabrication technique, which includes ion implantation, photo-lithography, Ar ion milling, and hot press technique. The morphological change and the healing of cracklike pore in Ca doped high purity single crystal alumina, sapphire, during high temperature heat treatment in vacuum were observed using optical microscopy. The dot-like surface roughening was developed and hexagon like crystal appeared on inner surface of crack-like pore after heat treatment. Bar type crystals, probably CaO.6Al2O3, were observed on the inner surface after 1 hour heat treatment at 1, 50$0^{\circ}C$, but this bar type crystal disappeared after 1 hour heat treatment at 1, $600^{\circ}C$. This disappearance means that there should be a little increase of Ca solubility limit to alumina at this temperatures.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.455-461
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• 1995

To investigate the synthesis of $\beta$-Al2O3 and its crystallization behavior by oxalate coprecipitation method, the optimum pH range for oxalate coprecipitates has been theoretically calculated from the solubility products and the equilibrium constans of each metal ionic species and their solubility diagram wa obtained. The optimum pH range for oxalate coprecipitates at room temperature was estimated as <4. In experiment, we found that the optimum condition for oxalate coprecipitates was pH<1, which was not doped with pH controller. The Na+ ions were easily exchanged for the NH4+ ions of NH4OH which was used as pH controller, and those NH4+ ions were supposed to affect the crystallization behavior of $\beta$-Al2O3. The thermal decomposition of all complexes was almost complete below 40$0^{\circ}C$. The primary product of the decomposition process was m-Al2O3, which transformed to $\beta$"- or $\beta$-Al2O3 at temperature higher than 100$0^{\circ}C$. We found that the powder prepared at 120$0^{\circ}C$ had only $\beta$"- and $\beta$-Al2O3.EX>-Al2O3.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.327-333
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• 1999

Ion implantation, photo-lithography, Ar ion milling, hot press를 이용한 micro-fabrication 방법으로 고순도 단결정 알루미나 표면에 Ca를 제한된 양으로 첨가하고, 내부에 여러 가지 형태의 기공을 갖는 bi-crystal을 만들었다. 이 bi-crystal 고순도 알루미나에 미치는 Ca의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 내부 기공의 형태 변화와 결정의 성장을 열처리에 따라 광학현미경으로 관찰하였다. 열처리에 따라 inner crack-like pore의 내부표면에 dot와 육각형의 형태를 갖는 결정 입자가 생성되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. $1,500^{\circ}C$로 열처리한 경우에 CaO . $6Al_2O_3$로 생각되는 bar 형태의 결정이 표면에 석출되는 것이 관찰되었으며, 이 결정이 $1,600^{\circ}C$에서 열처리하면 사라지는 것으로 보아 이 온도 부근에서 알루미나에 대한 Ca의 solubility limit 또는 diffusion rate가 변화하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 1999

Hydrogen solubility in internally oxidized Pd-Mo(Al) alloys has been studied at 323 K from the measurements of pressure-composition(p-c) isotherms. Internal oxidation of $Pd_{0.985}Al_{0.015}$ and $Pd_{0.97}Mo_{0.03}$ alloys results in the precipitation of Al and Mo particles in a matrix of pure Pd. It has been observed that the presence of the aluminum and molybdenum oxide precipitates results in an enhanced hydrogen solubility in the dilute phase region of Pd-H in a Pd/aluminum(molybdenum)oxide composites. Hydrogen solubility enhancements due to the presence of residual stresses around ceramic particles have been observed from p-c isotherms determined at 323 K after oxidation at 1073 K. The solubility enhancements in completely internally oxidized alloys are greater than that in partially oxidized alloys. The stress fields near the ceramic precipitates are the major source of the solubility enhancements. Transmission electron microscopy indicates that alumina precipitates are nanometer-sized and coherent with the Pd matrix after oxidation.

• 멤브레인
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2000

Ethyl esters (aroma model compounds; ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate) 수용액으로부터 aroma 화합물의 회수를 위해, 표면 개질한 알루미나막을 이용하여 증기 투과를 수행하였다. Ethyl butyrate의 구동력이 가장 큼에도 불구하고, 투과부에서 ethyl ester의 농도는 ethyl butyrate가 가장 높았으며, ethyl propionate, acetate의 순서로 나타났다. 또한, 물에 대한 ester 화합물의 용해도가 상당히 낮기 때문에 투과부에서 상분리가 일어나 순수한 aroma 화합물을 얻을 수 있었다. 실험 결과, 제조된 소수성 알루미나막은 에스테르 화합물에 대해 높은 선택도와 투과 플럭스를 보여 주었다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2003

Two-component ceramic (alumina-zirconia) composites were fabricated by a soft-solution process in which polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as a polymeric carrier. Metal salts and PEG were dissolved in ethyl alcohol without any precipitation in 1:1 volume ratio of alumina and zirconia. In the non-aqueous system, the flammable solvent made explosive, exothermic reaction during drying process. The reaction resulted in formation of volume expanded, porous precursor powders by a vigorous decomposition of organic components in the precursor sol. The PEG content affected the grain size of sintered composites as well as the morphology of precursor powders. The difference of microstructure in sintered composite was attribute to the solubility and homogeneity of metal cations in precursor sol. At the optimum amount of the PEG polymer, the metal ions were dispersed effectively in solution and a homogeneous polymeric network was formed. It made less agglomerated particles in the precursor sol and affected on uniform grain size in sintered composite.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2006

Hydroxyapatite $(HAp,\;Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2)$/alumina composites were fabricated with the addition of fluorides, such as $MgF_2$ and $CaF_2$. In this study, the effect of fluorides on the inhibition of phase decomposition and the mechanical properties of HAp was investigated. Due to the higher solubility of F ion in HAp structure, $MgF_2$ additive was more effective compared to $CaF_2$ additive in the lowering decomposition temperature of HAp. Therefore, the dissociation tendency of HAp was fully inhibited below $1400^{\circ}C$. The mechanical properties of HAp composites with $MgF_2$ additive showed higher value (flexural strength: $\~170MPa$, Vickers hardness: $\~7\;GPa$, fracture toughness: $\~1.5\;MPam^{1/2}$) compared to $MgF_2-free$ composites. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of HAp composites with $MgF_2$ showed the value of $16.4\times10^{-6}/^{\circ}C\;at\;20\~400^{\circ}C $.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.97-97
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• 1999

Dross formation in the zinc bath is inevitable under any condition as long as coating process on steel strip continues. Thus, bath aluminum and temperature are precisely managed to suppress the increase of dross. Also, excessive dross for normal coating process is generally eliminated physically by bubbling and skimming. Total amount of dross in the bath can be sometimes high enough to cause coating defect. On the other hand, local concentration of dross can make coating defect even with satisfactory level of total amount of dross. Reduction of dross in the bath was attempted by using ceramic foam filter made of mainly alumina. Dross in molten zinc was almost reduced to the levels of solubility of iron and aluminum in molten zinc at $450~460^{\circ}C$. Their solubility levels were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations or DEAL program. Two kinds of filters were tested for dross reduction. One was #20 ppi, porous per inch, and the other #30 ppi filter. Both were effective in reducing the bath dross to the solubility levels at the static state. Bath iron was reduced by 24 wt% and 19 wt% with #20 filter, and by 35 wt% and 29 wt% with #30 filter for GI and GA pot, respectively. Also, ceramic foam filter did not make any harm to the zinc bath composition after filtering test.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.230-240
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• 2008

분산중합법에 의해 무기물을 포함하는 고분자 미립자를 합성하기 위해 styrene과 n-butyl methacrylate가 알루미나와 함께 중합되었다. Styrene과 n-butylmethacrylate의 무게 비는 3:1이었고, 입자안정제는 poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidon), 중합 개시제로는 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile)를 사용하여 개시제의 농도, 분산매의 종류, 분산매의 혼합 용해도 상수 (${\delta}_{mix}$), 커플링제의 종류와 농도에 따른 입자경을 조사하였다. 개시제의 농도가 증가함에 따라 입자경이 소폭 상승하였고 분산매의 극성이 증가할수록 입경이 증가하였고, 분산매로서, 이소프로판올과 이온교환수를 조성비에 따라 사용한 경우, $[{\delta}_{mix}]^{-4.01}\;{\propto}$ 평균 입자경과 $[{\delta]_{mix}]^{-0.83}\;{\propto}$ 입경 분포의 관계를 얻을 수 있었다. 커플링제의 종류와 농도변화에 따른 입자경 및 입자경 분포는 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다.