• 보존과학회지
• /
• 제20권
• /
• pp.9-22
• /
• 2007

문화재의 생물방제를 목적으로 개발되어 시판되고 있는 3종의 식물 추출 천연 살충 살균제에 대한 문화재의 재질에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 평가 대상 재질은 1) 견직물 : 염색하지 않은 견직물, 황벽, 오배자, 오배자(명반 후매염), 오배자(녹반 후매염), 치자, 울금, 도토리, 도토리(녹반 후매염), 자초, 천근, 천근(명반 후매염), 홍화(홍염색), 소목, 소목(명반 선매염, 후매염) 염색 및 쪽, 쪽과 황벽 복염, 쪽과 소목 복염 견직물 2) 면직물 : 염색하지 않은 면직물, 황벽, 오배자, 오배자(명반 후매염), 치자, 도토리, 도토리(녹반 후매염), 자초, 천근, 천근(명반 후매염), 홍화(홍염색), 소목, 소목(명반선매염, 후매염) 염색 및 쪽, 쪽과 소목 복염 면직물, 3) 염색하지 않은 저마직물 4) 한지 : 염색하지 않은 한지, 소목, 쪽, 치자, 홍화(홍염색), 황벽 염색 한지 5) 안료분말 :석청 석록, 연단, 석간주, 주사, 주, 패각호분, 밀타승,대자, 석황, 쪽, 백토, 연백 남전 5)채색편 : 석청, 석록, 연단, 석간주, 주사, 주, 패각호분, 밀타승, 대자, 석황, 쪽, 백토, 연백, 남전이다. 시험은 시료를 습도 $55{\pm}1%$. 온도 $20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$의 환경에서 약제의 권장 농도의 10배에 9개월간 노출 시킨 후 기준 시료와의 색차와 인장강도를 비교 평가하였다. 약제 노출 후 염색을 하지 않은 견직물 면직물 저마직물 한지는 약제에 의한 색상 변화는 거의 일어나지 않았으나, 염색 견직물 면직물 한지는 도토리나 천근 염색 직물 등이나 치자 염색 한지를 제외하고는 대부분 일반인도 인식이 가능한 뚜렷한 색상차가 발생하였다. 특히 울금 염색 견직물은 가장 색상차가 뚜렷하였다. 그리고 안료분말이나 채색편은 납, 구리, 비소, 수은 함유 안료 및 식물성 안료 등에서 뚜렷한 색상차가 발생하였다. 인장강도는 염색하지 않은 견직물은 약제에 거의 변화가 없으며 면직물은 약간 감소하는 경향을 보이나, 염색을 한 견직물이나 면직물은 강도의 증가나 감소가 뚜렷하였다. 특히 천근 염색 견직물은 10% 이상의 강도 감소가, 쪽 염색 견직물은 10% 이상의 강도 증가가 일어났으며, 천근과 소목(명반 후매염) 염색 면직물은 10% 이상의 강도 감소 현상이 일어났다.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.203-207
• /
• 2009

최근 산업화에 따른 다양한 신종 미량유해물질의 등장과 지속적인 오염물질의 증가로 수질오염의 심각성과 그 위해성에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 특히 응집공정을 통하여 유기오염물질 제거를 좀 더 효율적으로 증가시킬 수 있는 방법들이 모색되고 있다. 본 연구는 도시하수 및 호소수를 대상으로 실험하였다. 응집공정에 사용하기 위해 응집 보조제로서 사용될 수 있는 지르코늄 실리케이트($ZrSiO_4$)의 특성을 연구 하였다. 응집공정에서의 지르코늄 실리케이트의 주입방법에 따른 유기물 제거율을 PDA (Photometric Dispersion Analyzer)를 통하여 평가하였다. 지르코늄 실리케이트는 pH 7에서 zeta-potential이 -32.22 mv였고 산성에 가까울수록 낮은 음(-)전하 값을 보였으며 지르코늄 실리케이트를 주입하지 않은 도시하수보다 주입하였을 때 $UV_{254}$ 값이 더 높은 특성을 나타내었다. 또한 PDA실험을 통하여 확인한 결과 지르코늄 실리케이트의 주입은 floc의 성장을 도와주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Alum을 이용한 응집공정에 대한 지르코늄 실리케이트의 주입방법을 선 주입, 동시 주입, 후 주입의 3가지 방법으로 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 Alum과 지르코늄 실리케이트를 함께 주입한 경우 Alum을 단독으로 주입한 경우보다 유기물 제거율이 15% 이상 증가하였다. 특히 Alum 20 mg/L과 지르코늄 실리케이트 10 mg/L를 함께 사용한 경우 90% 이상의 높은 유기물제거율을 보였다. PAC (Poly Aluminium Chloride)와 PACS (Poly Aluminium Chloride Silicate)를 응집제로 이용하는 경우에도 지르코늄 실리케이트를 함께 주입 시 $COD_{Cr}$의 제거효율이 15% 이상 향상되었다. 결과적으로 지르코늄 실리케이트를 응집제와 동시에 주입한 방법이 전, 후로 주입한 경우보다 $COD_{Cr}$ 제거효율이 5~10% 높게 나타났으나, 용존성 물질은 시주입 시, 더 낮은 제거효율을 보였다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.107-117
• /
• 1998

In order to removal turbidity at high turbidity, this study was carried to evaluate the coagulants(Alum, PACl, PACS) that was suited the characteristics of raw water in water treatment plants and to determinate the optimum method of lime feed. When the optimum coagulant was selected the organic matter removal was also investigated as $UV_{254}$. PACl, lime first feed had the highest turbidity removal efficiency rate as above 99.1% and then $UV_{254}$ removal rate was obtained over than 88.0%. If you had the necessary of the lime feed, among the method of lime feed time interval feed largely was improved than simultaneous feed. Also, lime feed dose had about 1/5 of coagulants dose in case of Alum and PACl, but always PACS should be considerated lime dose.

• 산업기술연구
• /
• 제36권
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2016

In this study, a series of experiment was carried to improve dewaterability of the sludge produced in a treatment plant, located in Hongcheon, Gangwondo, which has been treating municipal wastewater and livestock wastewater. Optimum sludge mixing ratio and the amount of sludge conditioner were determined. As sludge conditioners, alum and ferric salt were selected and tested. For the measurement of sludge dewaterability, capillary suction time(CST) and the specific resistance were measured, The specific resistance was detemined by running a series of Buchner Funnel Test. Mixing the two sludges at a 50:50 ratio with the addition of 20 mL alum gave the best results in terms of dewaterability. The moisture content decreased by 2% at this condition.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.481-486
• /
• 2001

Ground granulated blast-furnace slag shows very high strength when proper alkali-activator exists. This paper deals with setting time, heat evolution rate and the strength development of alkali-activated slag cement activated by KOH, Ca(OH$)_{2}$, $Na_{2}$ $So_{4}$ , and alum(potassium aluminum sulfate). Alkali-activated slag mortar is studied by comparison with GGBF slag cement mortar. The experimental results indicate that for moisture curing at $25^{\circ}C$, the addiction of either 4% $Na_{2}$ $So_{4}$ or 4% alum increases the strength of GGBF slag cement mortar consisting of 50% GGBF slag and 50% portland cement at early age. Strength of activated GGBF slag cement mortars at 1, 3 and 7 days exceeded that of GGBF slag cement mortar. A conduction calorimeter was used to monitor early age hydration.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 1992

Antigenicity of Recombinant Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(LBD-005), a newly developed drug for hematopoietic growth, was investigated in mice and guinea pigs. 1. Mice showed production of antibodies against LBD-005 (100mg/kg) with alumin]m hydroxide gel(alum) as an adjuvant, judged by the heterologous anaphylaxis(PCA) test using rats. On the other hand, antibodies against ovalbumin(OVA) inoculated with alum were definitely detected. 2. In the studies with guinea pigs, both the inoculation of LBD-005 only and of LBD-005 with complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) as an adjuvant did not produce positive reactions in homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.1260-1268
• /
• 1999

Physical properties were investigated in tangsuyuk batter containing different amounts of ingredients, such as wheat flour, corn starch, sodium bicarbonate, alum and water. For the response surface methodology (RSM) central composite design was used to determine the optimal ingredient ratios for viscosity, color properties(lightness, redness, yellowness, color differences) and cutting forces. There were significant differences(p<0.05) between the different batter mixtures. The lightness(L) of batter was in proportion to the increased amount of wheat flour and corn starch. Higher redness was recorded with increasing corn starch. Higher yellowness was observed with increasing wheat flour and sodium bicarbonate. Color differences were higher with increasing wheat flour, corn starch, and/or alum and decreasing water. Cutting forces were linearly increased with increasing sodium bicarbonate. From these results, it is possible to monitor the effects of ingredients on physical properties of tangsuyuk batter, and to predict their optimal ratios.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.637-643
• /
• 2006

The bench-scale chlorine exposure study was performed to investigate the effect of pretreatment by free chlorine and monochloramine ($NH_2Cl$) on the performance of RO membranes made of polyamide (PA). Feed monochloramination at 2mg/L did not cause significant productivity loss compared to free chlorine. However, metal coagulants reacted with monochloramine, the PA membrane suffered from a gradual loss of membrane integrity by chlorine oxidation, which was characterized as a decrease in salt rejection. Especially, RO membranes exposed to alum coagulants with monochloramine revealed the salt rejection lower than those exposed to iron coagulants. XPS membrane surface analysis demonstrated that the chlorine uptake on the membrane surface increased and carbon peaks were shifted significantly when exposed to alum coagulants with monochloramine.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.719-726
• /
• 2006

Adsorption isotherms and kinetics for taste and odor (T&O) compounds and natural organic matters (NOMs) were performed to evaluate the impacts of activated carbon particle size on coagulation and adsorption. Adsorption capacities for iodine, T&O compounds, and NOM of all the activated carbons under #325 mesh were more excellent than those of virgin activated carbons. Small activated carbon particles were more rapidly adsorbed low molecular weight T&O compounds in the water, while those were slowly adsorbed high molecular weight NOM. When the activated carbon and alum were added simultaneously, the adsorption capacity for organics was better than alum was added alone.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 1992

The smouldering combustion of cellulose insulation treated with boric acid-borax-alum as combustion retardants are examined by Candle type combustibility tester. This sequence was examined quantitatively for longitudinal cylinder bed of cellulose insulation. Two configuration are possible, downward and upward smoulder spread ; both were investigated exprimentally. The smoulder spread velocity of cellulose insulation was 2.5cm/s -5.0cm/s in smoulder region. As results of critical oxygen content measurement, the effectiveness of alum as third combustion retardant are acceptable for flaming retardant effect. The phenomena of combustion transition are governed by quantity of commbustible gas generation In heating zone of cellulose insulation. The critial oxygen content are decreased with the increase of gas flow rate.