• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2021

Alternaria leaf blight is one of the most common diseases in watermelon worldwide. In Korea, however, the Alternaria species causing the watermelon leaf blight have not been investigated thoroughly. A total of 16 Alternaria isolates was recovered from diseased watermelon leaves with leaf blight symptoms, which were collected from 14 fields in Korea. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) were not competent to differentiate the Alternaria isolates. On the contrary, analysis of amplicon size of the histone H3 (HIS3) gene successfully differentiated the isolates into three Alternaria subgroups, and further sequence analysis of them identified three Alternaria spp. Alternaria tenuissima, A. gaisen, and A. alternata. Representative Alternaria isolates from three species induced dark brown leaf spot lesions on detached watermelon leaves, indicating that A. tenuissima, A. gaisen, and A. alternata are all causal agents of Alternaria leaf blight. Our results indicate that the Alternaria species associated watermelon leaf blight in Korea is more complex than reported previously. This is the first report regarding the population structure of Alternaria species causing watermelon leaf blight in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.227-238
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• 2012

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signaling modules in the eukaryotic cells. They are involved in many major cell processes in fungi such as stress responses, vegetative growth, pathogenicity, secondary metabolism and cell wall integrity. In this review, we summarized the advances of research on the MAPK signaling pathways in Alternaria species. As major phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria species reduce crop production. In contrast to the five MAPK pathways known in yeast, only three MAPK pathways as Fus3/Kss1-type, Hog1-type, and Slt2-type have been characterized in Alternaria. The Fus3/Kss1-type MAPK pathway participates in regulation of vegetative growth, conidiation, production of some cell-wall-degrading enzymes and pathogenicity. The Hog1-type pathway is involved in osmotic and oxidative stress, fungicides susceptibility and pathogenicity. The Slt2-type MAP kinases play an important role on maintaining cell wall integrity, pathogenicity and conidiation. Although recent advances on the MAPK pathways in Alternaria spp. reveal many important features on the pathogenicity, there are many unsolved problems regarding to the unknown MAP kinase cascade components and network among other major signal transduction. Considering the economic loss induced by Alternaria spp., more researches on the MAPK pathways will need to control the Alternaria diseases.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1995

국내에서 분리한 20종의 Alternaria 277개 균주를 사용하여 Alternaria 진균소독인 altenuene(ALT), altertoxin-I(ATX-I) 및 tenuazonic acid(TA)의 in vitro에서의 생성능과 그 분포를 조사하였다. 각 사용균주를 200g의 살균된 쌀배지에 접종하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 3주간 배양하였다. Alternaria 배양체들을 methanol로 추출하고 용매분획과 TLC 및 HPLC분석을 통하여 순화하였다. A. alternata와 그와 형태적으로 유사한 A. kikuchiana, A. longipes 및 A. mail는 비록 종간 및 종내의 균주간에 생성량의 차이는 매우 다양하였지만 TA를 비롯한 5종의 진균독소를 모두 생성하였다. A sesami와 A. sesamicola는 4종의 진균독소(AOH, AME, ALT, ATX-I)를 생성하였고 A. cucumerina, A. dauci, A. macrospora, A. porri, A. solani, A. tagetica와 A. zinniae와 같은 대형분생포자와 긴 beak를 형성하는 7종의 Alternaria균들은 AOH와 AME만을 생성하였다. A. brassicicola, A. helianthi, A. panax, A. radicina 및 A. raphani등 5종의 Alternaria는 5종의 진균 독소를 모두 생성하지 않았다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.27-42
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• 2001

The taxonomy of the Alternaria spp. has been a subject, of controversy because of their high variability in conidial morphology and polymorphism displayed even in pure cultures. The published Korean literature on the genus Alternaria is scattered and fragmentary, and pertains to about 25 species with special emphasis on occurrence and pathogenicity, but mycological studies on this group of fungi are insufficient. This is the first series of detailed and consolidated account of Korean species of Alternaria, which includes 11 species; viz., Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola, A. cinerariae, A. dauci, A. dianthi, A. dianthicola, A. helianthi, A. helianthinffciens, A. iridicola, A. japonica and A. protenta. Detailed diagnostic descriptions, specific characterizations, taxonomic discussions and illustrations for each species are presented.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2023

The fungus Alternaria alternata, responsible for causing brown to black spotting on numerous fruits and vegetables globally, was identified in 2022 as the causative pathogen of brown spot disease in potatoes in Korea. In pursuing potential inhibitors against A. alternata growth, we evaluated 15 mushroom culture filtrates: eight from Trametes spp. and seven from Polyporus spp., known for their antibacterial and anticancer properties. Antifungal activity was assessed by exposing each filtrate to A. alternata on a paper disc. Four filtrates displayed inhibitory action against the fungus, albeit with mild effects. Our findings highlight the potential of Trametes and Polyporus fungi as emerging antifungal candidates, offering promise in preventing potato brown spots.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2003

Twenty universal rice primers (URPs) were used to detect PCR polymorphisms in 25 isolates of six different Alternaria species producing host specific toxins (HST). Eight URPs could be used to reveal PCR polymorphisms of Alternaria isolates at the intra- and inter-species levels. Specific URP-PCR polymorphic bands that are different from those of the other Alternaria spp. were observed on A. gaisen and A. longipes isolates. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis using 94 URP polymorphic bands revealed three clustered groups (A. gaisen group, A. mati complex group, and A. logipes group).

• 농업과학연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.263-268
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• 1983

1. 충남(忠南) 각지(各地)에서 수집(收集)한 28개(個) 콩종자(種子) sample을 blotter법(法)으로 조사(調査)하였던 바 21종(種)의 균류(菌類)가 검출(檢出)되었고, 특히 부생균(腐生菌)인 Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. 등(等)과, 자주빛무늬병균(病菌) (Cercospora kikuchii) 및 Fusarium spp. 이 많이 검출(檢出)되었다. 2. 자주빛무늬가 있는 종자(種子)에서는 무늬가 없는 종자(種子)에 비(比)하여 C. kikuchii가 많이 검출(檢出)되었고 반면(反面)에 Aspergillus spp.나 Penicillium spp.와 같은 부생균(腐生菌)의 오염율(汚染率)과 Phomopsis sp. 및 Fusarium 균(菌)의 이병율(罹病率)이 낮았다. 3. 병원성실험(病原性實驗) 결과(結果) Cercospora kikuchii, Colletotrichum dematium, Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, Phomopsls sp.는 병원성(病原性)을 나타내었으나, F. equiseti와 F. solani는 병원성(病原性)이 없었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.793-800
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• 2005

We isolated and identified microorganisms from the aerial environment of domestic museums. The fungi, Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., and Cladosporium spp. were isolated in many museums. It seems that these fungi are related to biological degradation of textile remains. A total of 14 kinds of bacterial strains were isolated: Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Neisseria spp., Alcaligenes spp., Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp., Corynebacterium spp., Aerococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Citrobacter spp., Erwinia spp., Salmonella spp., and Providencia spp. Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Neisseria spp., and Alcaligenes spp. were the predominate bacteria found in samples with a variety of bacteria. This suggests that there is a relationship between bacteria and the damage of textile remains. In the museum, we isolated Alternaria spp, Geotrichum spp., Penicillium spp. Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Alcaligenes spp. from the entrance, exhibit hall and storage, but they were found in smaller number and species in the exhibit cases and paulownia cases. We concluded that paulownia cases were not influenced by the microorganisms because of quality of care provided by the museum staff. Corynebacterium spp., and Bacillus spp. were not detected at the entrance and exhibit hall but were detected in paulownia cases. It is presumed that those bacteria did not flow in from outside, but resulted from contaminants in paulownia cases. In the distribution of microorganisms associated with textile remains, more fungi were detected than bacteria. Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Neisseria spp., were isolated from silk items. Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp. were isolated in the silk and hump items. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated from the cotton items. On the other hands, there were no fungi strains in the wool items. Most of the isolated strains from textile remains were aerial microorganisms from the museum environment. These results suggest that textile remains were apt to contaminated by contact with the air.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.191-196
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• 1982

미곡저장중 균류에 의한 미곡의 손실을 방지하기 위하여 1978년 12월 부터 1979년 6월까지 7개월간 싸일로, 평창고 및 통가리에 저장한 미곡시료(밀양23호)에서 균류를 분리, 동정하였다. 한국산 벼 및 현미에서 분리된 30종의 균류중, Aspergillus속 11종(A. caespitosus, A. condidus, A. chevalieri, A fischeri, A. fumigatus, A. fiavus, A. nidulans, A. oryzae, A. ruber, A. sydowii, A. versicolor), Penicillium 속 5 종 (P. atramentosum P. chrysogenum, P. cyaneofulvum, P. nototum, P. steckii), Alternaria 속 2종 (Al. faesiculata, Al. grisea) Curvalaria 속 2종 (C, interseminata, C. tetromea), Trichothecium roseum, Nigrospora sphaerica, Rhizopus nigricans, Fusarium spp., Mucor spp., Helminthosporium spp., 및 Gliocladiopsis spp. 각 1종, 총 27종이 동정, 확인되었다. 한국산 벼에서 분리된 표면균류는 A. flavus와 A. candidus가 대부분이었으며, 현미에서는 A. sydowii가 많이 출현하였다. 또한 저장중 변질미에는 A. candidus, A. versicolor 및 A. glaucus group들이 주로 많았다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.857-864
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• 2017

본 연구는 곰팡이독소에 안전한 보리 저장법을 수립하기 위해 다양한 저장환경 중 겉보리에 발생하는 곰팡이와 곰팡이독소를 측정하였다. 두 지역에서 수집한 겉보리를 상온 창고 2곳, 저온창고, $15^{\circ}C/65%$ 항온항습실 및 종자저장고에 6개월간 저장하면서 장소별 온도, 상대습도 및 곡물수분함량을 측정하였으며 0, 1, 3 및 6개월 후 겉보리에 오염된 곰팡이와 곰팡이독소를 조사하였다. 저장 중 보리에 오염된 주요 곰팡이 속은 Fusarium, Epicoccum, Alternaria 및 Drechslera 이었다. 상온창고는 저장 후기로 갈수록 Fusarium 과 Alternaria 속 곰팡이가 큰 폭으로 감소한 반면 Drechslera는 증가하였다. 저온창고, 항온항습실 및 종자저장고에서는 Fusarium 오염립의 감소폭이 적었고 저장 6개월 후에도 2.5 log CFU/g 이상이 검출되었다. 니발레놀 오염은 한 시료에서 저장 0-3개월 간 비슷한 수준을 유지하다가 6개월 후 증가하였으며, 저장소 간 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 겉보리 저장 중 니발레놀 오염 예방을 위해 저장 기간을 6개월 미만으로 줄이는 것이 효율적일 것으로 보인다.