• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.330-343
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• 2002

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Pijae to Doraegijae in Baekdudaegan, forty-three sites(size 500$m^2$) were set up and surveyed By using TWINSPAN classification. the plant community was divided into five groups, those are mixed forest on sub-alpine zone. Quercus mongolica - Acer pseudo-sieboldianum community, Q. mongolica-Pinus densiflora community, and Larix leptolepis forest. Quercus mongolica was found as a major woody plant species in the ridge area. And partly the subalpine zone in low elevation was occupied by deciduous tree species and mixed a few conifer such as Abies nephrolepis and Taxus cuspidata etc.. Species diversity index(Area 1,000$m^2$) in the showed calculated 2.0149~3.0139 and it was similar to those of the ridge area of the national parks in Beakdudaegan.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2003

To obtain the basic data for monitoring and the conservation of native plant species at the sub-alpine zone Jongseogdae in Jirisan (Mt.).40 plots(5m${\times}$5m) set up by random sampling method and the distribution of native shrub and herb species at the subalpine zone was surveyed. Leading shrub species at the subalpine zone of Jongseogdae were Tripterygium regelii with IP value of 23.45% : followed by Lespedeza maximowiczii, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Lespedeza tomentella. Dominant species at the subalpine zone were Lysimachia clethroides, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum, Synurus deltoides, Veratrum maackii var. japonicum, Hemerocallis fulva and Astilbe chinensis var. davidii. Rhododendron tschonoskii recorded from the rare and endangered species list of the Korea Forest Service distributed among the rocks on the top of Jongseogdae. The long-term sustainable habitat monitoring might be required to conserve this subalpine zone.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

An efficient plant regeneration system of Gentiana scabra through somatic embryogenesis was established. Leaves and roots of seedlings of Gentiana scabra excised after germination were cultured on MS basal medium with 2,4-D, NAA or BA. Embryogenic callus was obtained on MS medium with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D alone or 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D combimation with 1.0 mg/L BA after 45 days of culture. These embryogenic calli gave rise to somatic embryos, which subsequently developed into plantlets on MS medium without PGRs. Also, shoots were effectively differentiated from embryogenic callus when root segments were cultured on MS medium supplement with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L BA. Shoots were effectively rooted on MS medium without PGRs. In vitro flowers were formed from plantlets cultured on MS medium with $5\%$ sucrose after 60 days of culture.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2005

We tested the hypothesis that alpine plants have special physiological and biochemical mechanisms in addition to their structural adaptation in order to survive under extreme conditions. The photosynthetic organs of Pinus pumila were used to examine the seasonal changes in sugar concentration, antioxidative enzyme, and lipid peroxidation. The concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose and reducing sugar were the highest in the leaves in April. But sugar contents in buds and inner barks did not respond sensitively on temperature change. Meanwhile superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity responded sensitively on the change of temperature and SOD in all tissues maintained high activity in April. Meanwhile anthocyanin content increased rapidly in June but the increase of anthocyanin content was not enough to prevent their tissues from the damage by the exposure of high temperature or other stress. In conclusion, under low temperature condition, P. pumila increased the concentration of soluble sugars and SOD activity in their tissues in order to overcome extreme environmental condition. But in summer, these stress defense system against high temperature might be disturbed slightly. This results in the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in three tissues by lipid peroxidation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.8
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• pp.7-9
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• 1969

거의 모든 국가에서 생산된 씨감자는 감자바이러스 이병율을 검사해서 합격품만을 농민에 분배하고 있다. 우리나라는 딴 씨감자 생산국과는 사정이 달라 고령지에서 씨감자를 생산하고 있는 관계로 감자밭의 필수는 전국적으로 막대한 수에 달한다. 우리나라에서의 감자바이러스 김정은 원원종에 한하고 있으나 농민에 분배되는 씨감자도 바이러스 검정을해서 합격품만을 나누어주어야 국가의 체면이 서겠다. 그러나 현재의 시설로는 이를 감당 할 수 없어 이에 대치 될 만한 실제적 방법의 하나로 매개진딧물 밀도와 감자바이러스 이병율간의 상관관계를 밝혀 번잡한 바이러스 검정법 대신 매개진딧물의 공중밀도를 조사하여 해지점의 감자바이러스 이병율을 추산 할 목적으로 본 시험에 착수하였다. 본 보고에서는 진딧물조사 결과만을 발표하고 18개소에서 행한 포장시험결과는 1970년에 행할 바이러스 검정을 마치면 종합결과를 발표 할 예정이다. 표 1에서와 같이 서해안, 내륙, 및 대관령에서의 매개진딧물과 일반진딧물의 수는 각각 8/31, 179/680 및 50/237이었으며 필자가 행한 1967, 1968년의 조사성적을 뒷받침하는 결과를 얻었다. 이에 필자는 씨감자 부족량 약 60,000톤의 조속한 충족을 위해 씨감자의 증식 단계에서는 서해안 일모작 답을 환용 할 것을 다시 한번 강조하는 바이다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.681-697
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• 2015

Iran as one of the countries located on the Alpine-Himalayan seismic belt has recently experienced a few number of catastrophic earthquakes. A well-known index of how buildings are affected by earthquakes is through assessment of probable Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and structures' response spectra. In this research, active faults around Kerman and Birjand, two major cities in eastern parts of Iran, have been considered. Seismic catalogues are gathered to categorize effects of surrounding faults on seismicity of the region. These catalogues were further refined with respect to time and space based on Knopoff-Gardner algorithm in order to increase statistical independency of events. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) has been estimated for each of cities regarding 50, 100, 200 and 500 years of structures' effective life-span. These results subsequently have been compared with Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA). It has been observed that DSHA not necessarily suggests upper bound of PSHA results. Furthermore, based on spectral Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs), Uniform Hazard Spectra (UHS) and spectral acceleration were provided for 2% and 10% levels of probability of exceedance. The results show that increasing source-to-site distance leads to spectral acceleration reduction regarding each fault. In addition, the spectral acceleration rate of variation would increase if the source-to-site distance decreases.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of cutting frequencies(2, 3: one time grazed after 2 cuts, 3, 4, 6 cuts per year) and nitrogen fertilization(0 and 120 kg per ha and year) on botanical composition of permanent grassland at the "Federal Research Institute for Agriculture in Alpine Regions(Gumpenstein)," Austria The results are summarized as follows: 1. With only fertilizing phosphorus(P) and potassium(K),mean annual dry matter yields were 6.9 - 8.4 ton per ha and highest when only one time grazed after 2 cuts, but fell progressively with increase in cutting frequency and additonal fertilization of nitrogen. The average nitrogen efficiences expensed as dry matter yieldsfig) per feltilized nitrogenfig per ha) were 10.3 kg. 2. When N fertilizer was applied, the proportion of tall and medium grasses in the mixed swards increased by 30 - 50% compared with only fertilizing PK. Whereas swards with fertilizing only PK generally stimulated composition of the legumes at the expense of the grasses(30 - 50%). 3. Although the proportion of tall and medium grasses(Trisetum flavescens and Dachlis glomerara) and tall herbs(hntodon hispidus, Taraxacum oflcinale and Aegopodium podagraria) increased by infrequent cutting, frequently cutting plots helped increase the proportion of short grasses(Poa pratensis and Poa trivialis), especially where plots both had been applied with nitrogen fertilizer. 4. Nitrogen fertilization resulted in higher existence of herbs and weeds such as Taramcum oficinale. Aegopodium podagraria, Galium mllugo, Anthriscus silvestris and Lamium album. 5. Due to unusually high or low cutting frequencies such as 4 cuts or 2 cuts per year increased botanical compostion of Heracleum sphondylium.hondylium.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.59-75
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• 1971

Orogenic cycle is closely related with sedimentary cycle, and a sedimentary cycle involves the birth, development and disappearance of a sedimentary basin. Paleontological studies have indicated that birth or disappearance of sedimentary basins of separated regions frequently coincided in time. In this paper, the writer presents his assumption on the East Asian analogy of the Hercynian orogenic cycle in accord to the above mentioned generalities. Previous studies, including mine have a corollary that Korea and Southern China, which had been uplifted by the Caledonian movement, changed into low-lying region with subsiding areas in the Givetian time. The writer, thus, thinks that the Hercynian orogenic cycle started in Givetian, and that the Mongolian geosyncline in China, the Gangweon Basin in Korea and the Honshu geosyncline in Japan disappeared in the Ladinian. The writer, therefore, thinks that the Ladinian marks the end of the Hercynian orogenic cycle, but this assumption will have to be rechecked in consideration with the Alpine orogenic cycle. The Late Namurian-Early Bashkirian time, the dividing period between the early and late Hercynian orogenic cycle, is thought to correspond the time of the Hongjeom Series deposition. The writer is also of the view that the Akiyoshi orogenic cycle(T. Kobayashi) corresponds the late Hercynian phase, and that the Abenian movements(M. Minato) corresponds to the range from the late Caledonian phase to the former part of late Hercynian phase.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.135-144
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• 2010

This study was performed to suggest a soil loss reduction skill through estimating soil erosion from a small watershed including each type of sloping agriland by using GEOWEPP model. Experimental watershed at Gangwon province was selected for very typical sloping fields of highland agriculture in Alpine area. Runoff discharge and sediment load, hourly rainfall amount occurred during storm event were gauged, and weather data were obtained from Daegwallyeong meteorological station. The results of GEOWEPP model estimation showed that relative error values for total runoff discharge and sediment load were 3 %, -14.5 % respectively. Based on the result, soil erosion and waterway path map for each hillslope were made to select target hillslope. Several hillslopes of severe soil erosion were analyezed and then the optimal vegetative filter strip construction width and waterway path to plant grass were decided by using GEOWEPP Model.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 1998

To develop a model for prediction of turnip mosaic virus(TuMV) disease progress of Chinese cabbage based on weather information and number of TuMV vector aphids trapped in Taegwallyeong alpine area, data were statistically processed together. As the variables influenced on TuMV disease progress, cumulative portion(CPT) above 13$^{\circ}C$ in daily average temperature was the most significant, and solar radiation, duration of sunshine, vector aphids and cumulative temperature above $0^{\circ}C$ were significant. When logistic model and Gompertz model were compared by detemining goodness of fit for TuMV disease progress using CPT as independent variable, regression coefficient was higher in the logistic model than in the Gompertz model. Epidemic parameters, apparent infection rate and initial value of logistic model, were estimated by examining the relationship between disease proportion linearized by logit transformation equation, In(Y/Yf-Y) and CPT. Models able to describe the progression of TuMV disease were formulated in Y=100/(1+128.4 exp(-0.013.CPT.(-1(1/(1+66.7.exp(-0.11.day). Calculated disease progress from the model was in good agreement with investigated actual disease progress showing high significance of the coefficient of determination with 0.710.