• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

Objectives: Deficit schizophrenia (DS) constitutes a disease separate from non-deficit schizophrenia (NDS). The aim of the current study was to compare the quantitative EEG and low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) imaging between DS and NDS. Methods: This study was performed by 32 channels EEG for 42 schizophrenia patients who we categorized into DS and NDS using proxy instrument deficit syndrome (PDS). We performed the absolute power spectral analyses for delta, theta, alpha, low beta and high beta activities. We compared power spectrum between two groups using Independent t-test. Partial correlation test was performed with clinical parameters. Standardized LORETA (sLORETA) was used for comparison of cortical activity, and statistical nonparametric mapping (SnPM) was applied for the statistical analysis. Results: DS showed significantly increased delta and theta absolute power in fontal and parietal region compared with NDS (p<0.05). Power spectrum showed significant correlation with 'anergia' and 'hostility/suspiciousness' subscale of brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS)(p<0.05). sLORETA found out the source region (anterior cingulate cortex/limbic part) that delta activity was significantly increased in DS (p=0.042). Conclusions: DS showed different cortical activity compared with NDS. Our results may suggest QEEG and LORETA could be the marker in differentiating between DS and NDS.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.31-46
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• 2003

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the effects of electroacupuncture(EA) at the BL60 (Kollyun) on normal humans using power spectral analysis. Methods : EEG power spectrum exhibit site-specific and state-related differences in specific frequency bands. In this study, power spectrum was used as a measure of complexity. 30 channel EEG study was carried out in 10 subjects $(10\;males;\;age=22.4{\pm}0.5$ years). Results : In alpha band, the power values at Fz during the non-acupoint treatment and at Fp2, T5 during the BL60-acupoint treatment significantly were decreased. In beta band, the power values at C3, Po2, O2, Oz during the BL60-acupoint treatment significantly were increased than the before-acupuncture treatment. In theta band, the power values at F7 during the BL60-acupoint treatment significantly was increased. However, the comparison with that before and after the treatment shows no significant differences in all channels.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.61.1-61.1
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• 2011

We have performed simultaneous observations at 22GHz and 43GHz on AGNs hosted by elliptical galaxies using KVN radio telescope. We have constructed the sample, based on two major surveys in radio and optical band, i.e. Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters (FIRST) and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR7, respectively. We restricted the redshift range 0.01 < z < 0.06 and the absolute magnitude Mr < -19.4 in order to satisfy volume limited sample. We also checked clear detection of four distinctive emission lines ([NII], [OIII], $H{\alpha}$, $H{\beta}$) so as to utilize on BPT diagram, distinguishing AGNs from star-forming galaxies. Elliptical galaxies have been selected by visual inspection making use of SDSS optical images. Then, we cross-matched the elliptical galaxies with FIRST detections. About 35% of the galaxies have been detected throughout KVN observations. We derive spectral index, applying the flux of different radio frequencies from FIRST (1.4GHz) and KVN (22GHz) and classify into steep, flat or inverted spectrum. We have found that most of the detected galaxies have flat spectrum while the rest of them have steep spectrum. This implies that a number of detected galaxies might have compact structure associated with the central region of the galaxies. The relation between black hole mass and radio luminosity has shown relatively tighter correlation in high frequency than in low frequency, which confirms that high frequency in radio band is appropriate to study the center of the galaxies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.401-407
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to know the differences of MR spectra, obtained from normal volunteers by variable TE value, through the quantitative analysis of brain metabolites by peak integral and SNR between 1.5T and 3.0T, together with PRESS and STEAM pulse sequence. Single-voxel MR proton spectra of the human brain obtained from normal volunteers at both 3.0T MR system (Magnetom Trio, SIEMENS, Germany) and 1.5T MR system (Signa Twinspeed, GE, USA) using the STEAM and PRESS pulse sequence. 10 healthy volunteers (3.0T:3 males, 2 females; 1.5T : 3 males, 2 females) with the range from 22 to 30 years old (mean 26 years) participated in our study. They had no personal or familial history of neurological diseases and had a normal neurological examination. Data acquisition parameters were closely matched between the two field strengths. Spectra were recorded in the white matter of the occipital lobe. Spectra were compared in terms of resolution and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), and echo time(TE) were estimated at both field strengths. Imaging parameters was used for acquisition of the proton spectrum were as follow : TR 2000msec, TE 30ms, 40ms, 50ms, 60ms, 90ms, 144ms, 288ms, NA=96, VOI=$20{\times}20{\times}20mm3$. As the echo times were increased, the spectra obtained from 3.0T and 1.5T show decreased peak integral and SNR at both pulse sequence. PRESS pulse sequence shows higher SNR and signal intensity than those of STEAM. Especially, Spectra in normal volunteers at 3.0T demonstrated significantly improved overall SNR and spectral resolution compared to 1.5T(Fig1). The spectra acquired at short echo time, 3T MR system shows a twice improvement in SNR compared to 1.5T MR system(Table. 1). But, there was no significant difference between 3.0Tand 1.5T at long TE It is concluded that PRESS and short TE is useful for quantification of the brain metabolites at 3.0T MRS, our standardized protocol for quantification of the brain metabolites at 3.0T MRS is useful to evaluate the brain diseases by monitoring the systematic changes of biochemical metabolites concentration in vivo.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.898-908
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• 2016

Despite recent groundbreaking advances in multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, most MM patients ultimately experience relapse, and the relapse biology is not entirely understood. To define altered gene expression in MM relapse, gene expression profiles were examined and compared among 16 MM patients grouped by 12 months progression-free survival (PFS) after autologous stem cell transplantation. To maximize the difference between prognostic groups, patients at each end of the PFS spectrum (the four with the shortest PFS and four with the longest PFS) were chosen for additional analyses. We discovered that integrin-${\alpha}8$ (ITGA8) is highly expressed in MM patients with early relapse. The integrin family is well known to be involved in MM progression; however, the role of integrin-${\alpha}8$ is largely unknown. We functionally overexpressed integrin-${\alpha}8$ in MM cell lines, and surprisingly, stemness features including $HIF1{\alpha}$, VEGF, OCT4, and Nanog, as well as epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related phenotypes, including N-cadherin, Slug, Snail and CXCR4, were induced. These, consequently, enhanced migration and invasion abilities, which are crucial to MM pathogenesis. Moreover, the gain of integrin-${\alpha}8$ expression mediated drug resistance against melphalan and bortezomib, which are the main therapeutic agents in MM. The cBioPortal genomic database revealed that ITGA8 have significant tendency to co-occur with PDGFRA and PDGFRB and their mRNA expression were up-regulated in ITGA8 overexpressed MM cells. In summary, integrin-${\alpha}8$, which was up-regulated in MM of early relapse, mediates EMT-like phenotype, enhancing migration and invasion; therefore, it could serve as a potential marker of MM relapse and be a new therapeutic target.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1992

The fundamental research about the amorphous ferrite, which is expected as the important material for electronic and information imdustry in future, was carried out in this work. Because the ferromagnetic amorphous ferrites reported recently are very inferior in magnetic properties than the crystalline ferrites, the development of the more ferromagnetic amorphous ferrites is required. In order to obtain the fundamental data for the preparation of amorphous ferrites, the hand-made twin-roller quenching apparatus was used for rapid quenching. Investigation on amorphous ferrite in the system $CaO-Bi_{2}O_{3}-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ has been carried out in the composition of 10-50 mole% CaO, 10-50 mole% $Bi_{2}O_{3}$, 40-70 mole% $Fe_{2}O_{3}$. Large magnetization values were obtained near the composition of the mixture of $BiFeO_{3}$ and $CaFe_{4}O_{7}$. Especially, an amorphous ${(CaO)}_{20}{(Bi_{2}O_{3})_{15}{(Fe_{2}O_{3})}_{65}$ specimen has a magmetization value of about 21.84 emu/g at 0K(10 kOe). Fe $M\"{o}ssbauer$ absorption spectrum indicates that this specimen is compsed of two amorphous phases, antiferromagnetic phase($\alpha$-phase) and ferromagnetic phase($\beta$-phase). Crystallization of this amorphous ferrite was happened in steps-$550^{\circ}C$ and $775^{\circ}C$, then observed crystal phases were perovskite phase of $BiFeO_{3}$ and $Fe_{2}O_{3}$ phase.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.403-411
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• 2010

Essentials of understanding the geochemical evolution and geophysical processes in Earth's system are macroscopic properties and atomistic (and electronic) structures of Earth materials. Recent advances in quantum calculations based on the density functional theory allow us to unveil the previously unknown details of local atomic structures in diverse silicates in Earth's interior. Here, we report the O K-edge ELNES (energy-loss near-edge structure; ELNES) spectra and PLDOS (partial local density of states) for oxygen atoms in ${\alpha}$-quartz and stishovite using the quantum calculations based on FP-LAPW (full potential linearized augmented plane wave). The calculated O K-edge ELNES spectrum of ${\alpha}$-quartz shows a strong peak at ~538 eV due to comer-sharing oxygen linking two $SiO_4$ tetrahedra and that for stishovite shows two distinct peaks at ~537 and ~543 eV corresponding to edge-sharing oxygen linking $SiO_6$ octahedra. The significant differences in spectral features of O K-edge ELNES spectra suggest that the O K-edge features can be useful indicator to distinguish various oxygen sites in diverse crystal and amorphous silicates in the Earth's interior.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.155-158
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• 2000

NMR study has been used for measuring precise quantity of the amorphous phase in the $Si_3N_4$powder. Care must be taken to allow the $^{29}$Si nuclear spin system to fully relax between pulses in order to make the signals proportional to the number of nuclei in each phase. $^{29}$Si MAS spectrum was decomposed into the three spectra of $\alpha$-, $\beta$-, and amorphous $Si_3N_4$assuming pseudo-Voigt function. Moreover, the Rietveld analysis of the powder X-ray diffraction data was performed to measure quantity of crystalline phases as $\alpha/\beta$ ratio.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

Chemical properties of spray-dried powders separated based on molecular weight from crude protein binding polysaccharide (CP-SD) of Agraricus blazei were examined. Contents of ${\beta}$-glucan in SD-1, SD-2 and SD-3 were 18.67%, 48.24%, and 37.15% respectively, and SD-2 (10-150 kDa) showed the highest molecular weight. Obtained ${\beta}$-glucans were not pure glucan, but was determined to be an acidic proteo-heteroglycan with a large amount of glucose (74.46-80.05%), galactose (8.91-15.2%), and mannose (4.9-5.46%). Composition of their amino acids was mainly aspartic and glutamic acids. FT-IR spectrum revealed SD-1, SD-2 and SD-3 were structures of ${\beta}$-1,3-glucans and ${\alpha}$-1,6-glucans at 890 and 930 $cm^{-1}$, respectively, signals of ${\alpha}$-1,6-glucans for CP-SD was not found. Useful CP-SD was recovered from A. blazei for preparation of three powder types as food materials.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.44.1-44.1
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• 2015

We present joint constraints on the number of effective neutrino species $N_{eff}$ and the sum of neutrino masses ${\Sigma}m_{\nu}$, based on a technique which exploits the full information contained in the one-dimensional Lyman-${\alpha}$ forest flux power spectrum, complemented by additional cosmological probes. In particular, we obtain $N_{eff}=2.91{\pm}0.22$ (95% CL) and ${\Sigma}m_{\nu}$ < 0.15 eV (95% CL) when we combine BOSS Lyman-${\alpha}$ forest data with CMB (Planck+ACT+SPT+WMAP polarization) measurements, and $N_{eff}=2.88{\pm}0.20$ (95% CL) and ${Sigma}m_{\nu}$ < 0.14 eV (95% CL) when we further add baryon acoustic oscillations. Our results tend to favor the normal hierarchy scenario for the masses of the active neutrino species, provide strong evidence for the Cosmic Neutrino Background from $N_{eff}{\approx}3$($N_{eff}=0$ is rejected at more than $14{\sigma}$), and rule out the possibility of a sterile neutrino thermalized with active neutrinos (i.e., $N_{eff}=4$) - or more generally any decoupled relativistic relic with $${\Delta}N_{eff}{\sim_=}1$$ - at a significance of over $5{\sigma}$, the strongest bound to date, implying that there is no need for exotic neutrino physics in the concordance ${\Lambda}CDM$ model.