• 한국연초학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1991

Current studies indicated that emphysema in smokers might be due, in part, to the local suppression of G, -protease inhibitor(u, -Pl) in lung by reactive oxygen species in cigarette smoke or smoke-activated lung neutrophiles. In the present works, we examined the possibility that a measure which inactivated $\alpha$l-Pl by cigarette smoke could be an alternative method to evaluate the cigarette quality, In order to determine the inactivation of $\alpha$1, -Pl, trypsin inhibitory capacity(TIC) was assayed. A rapid loss of $\alpha$1, -Pl activity occurred when $\alpha$1-Pl solutions was exposed the gas phase or total particulate matter(TPM) obtained from various brands. The inactivation of $\alpha$1-Pl by gas phase was dependent upon the number of puffs and the age of the smoke. However, that by TPM was rather decreased since 2 puffs and also showed no more change over 24hrs after exposing. Inactivation of $\alpha$1-Pl determined by our suggested method(5 puffs, 24hours of aging after exposing) using various commercial cigarettes exhibited that high tar brands has inactivated it more strongly than low tar cigarettes. But the ability of some brands to inactivate $\alpha$1-Pl does not correlate with the content of tar or nicotine. These results so여esc that the degree of $\alpha$1-Pl inactivation by cigarette smoke may be a useful index for the evaluation of cigarette quality and that it should be also contribute to the manufacture of less hazardous cigarettes.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2007

본 연구는 전라북도 진안 지역의 낙엽송을 대상으로 지위지수 추정과 지위지수곡선 유도 및 간재적식 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 지위지수에 대한 식은 대수차분 방정식에 의해 개발되었다. 기초 연령 40년으로 한 다형 지위지수 패밀리 곡선은 Schumacher 수고 방정식을 기초로 표현하였다. 최적의 간재적 추정식은 $V=0.00260+0.00000399D^2H$로 판명되었다. 이 방정식에 사용한 동시 F-검정에서 추정된 간재적량은 모델 평가에 관한 실측된 간재적량과 유의(${\alpha}=0.05$)하게 다르지 않음을 보여주었다. 지위지수 곡선과 재적 추정식의 결과는 지위와 수확표 조제시 기초 자료로 제공할 수 있고, 진안지역 낙엽송 임분의 지역 산림경영에 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

This study investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of an epilithic algal community in the Hantan River in November 2001, February, May and August 2002. It was identified a total of an epiphlithic 301 taxa which were composed of 275 species, 16 varieties and 10 unidentified species. The standing crops ranged between 598,600-16,525,200 cells $\cdot$ $cm^2$ and showed the temporal and spatial variations, A higher value was found at the lower station than the upper station in winter, but a higher value was found at the upper station than the lower station in summer due to the effects of typhoons. Chlorophyll concentrations ranged between 13.4-304.2 ${\mu}g$ $\cdot$ $cm^2$. Standing crops and chlorophyll showed similar trends in autumn and winter, but temporal dynamics were not apparent in the overgrowth of Lyngbya, Schizothrix and so others in Cyanophyceae in spring and summer. They were composed of species in Chlorophyceae-Bascillariophyceae-Cyanophyceae and no seasonal effect was detected. Low diversity index values probably indicated the effects of environmental stresses (water temperature, flow and current velocity) other than organic pollution. An assessment of organic pollution using epilithic diatoms (DAIpo) showed $\alpha$-oligosaprobic states at the upper- and mid- stations, and $\alpha$-mesosaprobic states at the lower- stations.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2020

Foreign students in South Korea face important challenges when they try to maintain their health. As a measure of their motivation to actively build skills for overcoming those challenges, we evaluated the 10-item Consumer Health Activation Index (CHAI), testing its feasibility, dimensionality, and reliability. There were no missing data, there was no floor effect, and for the total scores the ceiling effect was trivial (< 2%). Results of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Bartlett's test of sphericity indicated that the data were suitable for the detection of structure by factor analysis. The results of parallel analysis and the shape of the scree plot supported a two-factor solution. One factor had 3 items concerning "my doctor" and the other factor had the 7 remaining items. Reliability was high for the 10-item CHAI (alpha = 0.856), for the 3-item subscale (alpha = 0.838), and for the 7-item subscale (alpha = 0.857). Reliability could not be improved by deletion of any items. Use of the CHAI to gather data from these foreign students is feasible, and reliable results can be obtained whether one uses the total score from all 10 items or scores from the proposed 7-item and 3-item subscales.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2010

Sasa borealis leaf has been known to have anti-diabetic properties. In this study, we tried to evaluate the effects of Sasa borealis leaf extract (SBE) on the inhibition of $\alpha$-glucosidase activity and postprandial glycemic response following ingestion of four carbohydrate-rich foods; cooked rice, ramen (instant noodle), noodle, and bread. Fourteen healthy female adults consumed 50 g of glucose (control) or one of the four foods containing 50 g of available carbohydrate with or without 2,000 mg of SBE. The activity of $\alpha$-glucosidase was inhibited dose-dependently by SBE. With SBE, blood glucose concentration at 15 min and the positive area under the curve (AUC) of postprandial glycemic response at 15 min and 30 min after consuming each of the four foods were reduced significantly. As the result, total positive AUC during 120 min was decreased in case of taking cooked rice or bread. Glycemic index and glycemic load of the four foods were declined from 13% to 23% with SBE. The results of this study suggest that SBE may be effective for postprandial glucose control by inhibiting $\alpha$-glucosidase activity.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.562-567
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• 2010

A One-Dimensional Water Flow and Contaminant Transport in Unsaturated Zone (FTUNS) code has been developed in order to interpret radionuclide migration in an unsaturated zone. The pore-size distribution index (n) and the inverse of the air-entry value ($\alpha$) for an unsaturated zone were measured by KS M ISO 11275 method. The hydraulic parameters of the unsaturated soil are investigated by using soil from around a nuclear facility in Korea. The effect of hydraulic parameters on radionuclide migration in an unsaturated zone has been analyzed. The higher the value of the n-factor, the more the cobalt concentration was condensed. The larger the value of $\alpha$-factor, the faster the migration of cobalt was and the more aggregative the cobalt concentration was. Also, it was found that an effect on contaminant migration due to the pore-size distribution index (n) and the inverse of the air-entry value ($\alpha$) was minute. Meanwhile, migrations of cobalt and cesium are in inverse proportion to the Freundich isotherm coefficient. That is to say, the migration velocity of cobalt was about 8.35 times that of cesium. It was conclusively demonstrated that the Freundich isotherm coefficient was the most important factor for contaminant migration.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.307-311
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• 2003

2-mass system is generally used as controller of the variable-speed to transfer electromotion power to mechanical load such as industrial robot, driving parts of electric vehicle, rolling machine system of steel plant and driving parts of elevator. In this case, PI controller is often used as a velocity controller because of simplicity of system. But PI control algorithm is not enough for obtaining the control characteristics required for this system. To solve this problem, 2-mass system based on the PID controller derives the optimum PID parameters by pole assignment and estimation of the ITAE performance index. In this case, the system have tenacious properties about disturbance, but it causes extreme overshoot and vibration because of rapidly output of controller in early transient response about desired value. And if speed control system is applied by 2-DOF parameter ${\alpha}$, a temporary value, we must induce most suitable parameter by complicate pole assignment and estimation of the ITAE performance index whenever ${\alpha}$ changes. In this paper, to solve this problem we suggest control algorithm to followed exactly value of ${\alpha}$ as 2-DOF parameter by using fuzzy algorithm . So, intelligence algorithm modeled by human knowledge, experience, teachability and judgment follow exact ${\alpha}$ value and it can compose the efficient 2-DOF PID controller to improve following performance, overshoot decrease.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of Gamikyejakjimo-tang (ji$\bar{a}$w$\grave{e}$igu$\grave{i}$sh$\acute{a}$ozh$\bar{i}$m-t$\bar{a}$ng, GK) on rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We checked viability and measured production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-${\alpha}$ in RAW 264.7 cell after treat by GK. Then we measured rheumatoid arthritis index score of DBA/1 mice with rheumatoid arthritis induced by CIA after GK oral administration, checked IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-${\alpha}$ and hs-CRP tests in serum. Also we were observed mRNA expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in spleen by RT-PCR. Results : GK showed cell viability of 100% or higher in all concentration in RAW 264.7 cells. GK inhibited LPS-induced productions of rheumatoid arthritis mediators cytokine in RAW 264.7cells. GK treated group showed improvement from rheumatoid arthritis at decreased the index score. Also, GK treated group decreased level in serum of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-a and hs-CRP tests by 31%, 35%, 20%, 57% and 58% respectively. Finally, GK treated group showed decrease expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in spleen by 46%, 51%, 25% and 42% respectively. Conclusions : In this study, in-vitro and in-vivo results observed rheumatoid arthritis factors cytokine of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-${\alpha}$ decrease in RAW 264.7 cells, serum, mRNA expression. Also, GK showed decrease of inflammation figure in hs-CRP tests depending on effect of rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, these results can used as a effective drug of GK for rheumatoid arthritis.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.103-122
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• 1996

This paper presents an easily used graphical procedure for simultaneous estimation of the index, skewness, scale, and location parameters of the stable laws. First, the index $\alpha$ and skewness $\beta$ are estimated through the joint use of a tail length statistic $\widetilde{K_t}$ and a skewness statistic $\widetilde{K_s}$, both of which are functions of order statistics. Next, the function of order statistics needed for estimation of scale $\sigma$ and location $\mu$ are determined from a nomogram indexed on the estimates of $\alpha$ and $\beta$. Some applications and examples are provided.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.421-425
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• 2001

Antioxidative effects of crude chlorophylls and carotenoids extracts from mustard leaf kimchi on the lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate, egg phosphatidyl choline (EPC) liposome and superoxide anion radical were examined. The extracts were found to inhibit the increase of the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value and show the effect of antioxidative activity on the liposomal phospholipid membrane. The oxidation index of EPC liposome was markedly decreased in the prescence of the extracts. The antioxidative activity of the extracts from mustard leaf kimchi was not related with fermentation period of the kimchi. The extracts from mustard leaf showed the similar antioxidative activity of $\alpha$-tocopherol within in the given level of addition. However, the oxidation index. When the effect of the extracts from mustard leaf kimchi on free radical scavenging was observed by the determination of the superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, it had similar value to that of $\alpha$-tocopherol.