• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.17 no.11 s.126
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• pp.849-853
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• 1979

The number of occlusal contact points and he occlusal relation were investigated in dental students who were selected on the basis of normal occlusion and normal function of stomatognathic system. Silicone-Black Bites obtained from fifty subjects were analyzed on their white models and occlusal contacts were traced on models directly. The results were as follows; 1. There was no evident difference in the number of occlusal contact points between right and left sides 2. In the retruded position the numbers of occlusal contact points were $5.96{\pm}3.35$ in the upper jaws and $6.12{\pm}3.52$ in the lower jaws. 3. In the retruded position no occlusal contact point was found on the central and lateral incisors of upper and lower jaws. 4. Occlusal contact points were found almost on second molars of upper and lower jaws in the retruded position.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.46-55
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to assess the concurrent validity and reliability of goniometric measurement of joint motion. Subjects were 40 healthy university students. Measurements were performed by 4 inexperienced physical therapy students. Four different instruments were used and three readings were taken with each instrument in random order making a total of 12 readings for flexion of the right elbow of each subject. Goniometers used were 1. universal 2. fluid-based goniometer/inclinometer 3. digital LCD goniometer 4. electronic goniometer/torsiometer. The results were as follows: Concurrent validity was highest (r= .94) with the universal and digital LCD tools. Interrater reliability (Pearson Product Moment Correlation) was good for each tool. Interrater reliability calculated by ICC(2,1) was highest (.96) with the tensiometer and lowest (.78) with the digital LCD goniometer. Intrarater reliability calculated by ICC was excellent (${\geq}.90$) for all instruments. These results show that concurrent validity, intrarater and interrater reliability are very good in the used of all four types of goniometers/inclinometer/tensiometer, even with inexperienced raters. These results confirm the almost universal reliance on hand held goniometers for joint measurement by physical therapists as being a reliable practice. Further research should be done clinically with actual patients.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2008

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is characterized by painful ophthalmoplegia and diagnosed by the exclusion of other major diseases. This study was done to find the effectiveness of electroacupuncture at oculomotor muscles and herbal-med on a THS patient. We used this method and Bogan-san ($B\check{a}og\check{a}n-s\check{a}n$) without steroids and treated a THS patient who suffered from pain behind the right eye, ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, frontal headache and dysosmia. 18 days after admission, the symptoms were improved and almost gone. In conclusion, we suggest electroacupuncture at oculomotor muscles and Bogan-san ($B\check{a}og\check{a}n-s\check{a}n$) is effective to treat THS without steroids, and we recommend more studies of this method on THS.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.138-141
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• 1977

The total population of Korea in 1975 was 35,281,000 and population density was $357/km^2$, which is one of the highest rate of the countries in the world. In the early part of 1960's, prior to the initiation of national family planning program in 1962, the natural population increase rate in Korea was almost 3.0%. However, due to the positive support and activity of the national family planning program, the population growth rate has been dropped right below 2.0% in 1970, and decreased to 1.7% in 1975. The average number of children per woman was 5.8 in 1961 and has decreased steadily to 3.5 in 1975. However, traditional value like the 'boy-preference' concept may bring many difficulties of lowering the fertility rate, decreasing number of children less than three in the future. Rising marriage age which had much contributed to decrease the population growth showed preferably falling trends since 1970. There is a prospect that total number of birth will be continuously increased while the fertility rate may be fallen since the age group born during 'baby-boom' soon after the Korean war are becoming the reproductive age group at present time. Considering the above mentioned factors, family planning program should be much improved and strengthened and the government support is much required in order to meet the above mentioned objectives which maintain appropriate level of the population growth.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.187-188
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• 2007

This contribution to the IV Korea-Mexico meeting deals with the hydrodynamics of the matter reinserted within super star clusters (SSCs) by both stellar winds and supernova explosions, results recently printed in The Astrophysical Journal (Silich et al. 2007). The motivation of such a project arose from the persistent presence of the small mass and compact HII regions that sit right on top of many massive and compact SSCs, from which one expects a large mechanical energy power. The data used for our calculations appear only recently (see Smith et al. 2006) for the massive and compact SSC M82-A1. We presented in our paper the calculated flow, derived through analytical and semi-analytical methods, which led to almost identical results. We have found out that the only way of accommodating a compact HII region (4.5 pc in radius, in the case of M82-A1) on top of a 6.3 Myr old and massive (> $10^6M_{\bigodot}$) SSC with a half light radius of 3 pc, requires of two assumptions: a very low heating efficiency (< 10%) within the cluster, what leads to a bimodal solution (see Tenorio-Tagle et al. 2007) and a high pressure in the surrounding medium.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.553-563
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• 2013

The present study aims to show how the problem of reproducing, as closely as possible, binders of historic mortars by mixing raw materials which are commercially available, can be formulated as a linear optimization problem. The study points out that by mixing five standard raw materials (end-members) it is possible to obtain mortar binders with the almost same chemical compositions of those determined on the historic and archaeological mortar samples studied in some recent scientific papers. An advanced function of the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, the Solver add-in, was used for the calculation of the right amount of each raw material to be mixed for producing the new binders. This approach could be useful to provide an optimal solution in the process of restoration of ancient monuments, where it is necessary to replace the historic mortars with new highly compatible repair mortars.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.440-452
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• 2007

The low feed intake immediately after weaning is responsible for villous atrophy and reduced growth rate in newly-weaned pigs. Overcoming this drawback will produce beneficial results for swine producers, and this warrants an understanding of the factors affecting the feed intake in newly-weaned pigs. In fact, a plethora of factors exert influences on feed intake in newly-weaned pigs, and these factors encompass health status, creep feeding, weaning age, mixing of litters, environment, dietary nutrient level and balance, palatability of ingredients, forms of diet presentation, water supply and quality, and stockmanship. Due to the complexity of the factors that affect the feed intake of weaned pigs, a comprehensive approach should be adopted to overcome the low feed intake problem right after weaning. It warrants mention that it is almost impossible to completely restore the feed intake just after weaning to pre-weaning level in terms of energy intake through dietary means which are available for being practiced economically and/or technically in current swine production. However, a refined dietary regime will certainly alleviate the low feed intake problem in the immediate postweaning period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.139-145
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• 2000

The mechanism of the inner resistance in a rubber crawler system has been investigated to reduce the power requirement (Kitano et al. 1994). The rolling resistance of the track roller, which is one of the major inner resistances, was measured for seven different vertical loads. The rolling resistance changed periodically and could be classified into three types. In case of the vertical load less than 500N, the rolling resistance was almost constant. For the vertical load greater than 500N, the maximum value of the rolling resistance increased. Further more in case of the vertical load greater than 1200N, negative resistance appeared. Analytical simulation of the travel resistance based on experimental results and static equilibrium equations derived from three-dimension mechanical model for the rubber crawler system. It was found that the simulation method was carried out to evaluate the travel resistance occurred by the rolling resistance of the track roller. The rolling resistance for each track roller arrangement and effects of the lug phase in the right and left rubber crawler could be estimated quantitatively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.253-257
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• 2010

Two adult rock partridges raised in a city zoo were examined parasitologically and pathologically. Two distinctive eggs resembling those of Capillaria and Heterakis were detected in the feces. At necropsy, a markedly-dilated duodenum with severe catarrhal exudates, containing adult worms of Capillaria sp. and Heterakis sp. in the cecum, was observed. Male Capillaria had the cloacal aperture extended almost terminally with a small bursal lobe and an unsheathed spicule with transverse folds without spines. Female Capillaria had a vulva that was slightly prominent and slightly posterior to the union of the esophagus and intestine. The esophagus of the adult Capillaria was more than a half as long as the body in the male, but was much shorter in the female. Based on these morphological features, the capillarid nematode was identified as Capillaria obsignata. The male adult worms of Heterakis was identifiable by 2 dissimilar spicules, a unique morphological feature where the right spicule was considerably longer than the left, which is also a characteristic feature of Heterakis gallinarum. This is the first report of concurrent infections with C. obsignata and H. gallinarium in rock partridges.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.627-632
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• 1986

This report describes our 17-years experience with intracardiac repair in 123 patients older than 15 years with tetralogy of Fallot. Major clinical manifestation was cyanosis and clubbing [102 Pts], but other minor associated manifestation were infective endocarditis, pulmonary tuberculosis, brain abscess, congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, and tuberculous spondylitis. Prior palliative shunts had been performed in 10 patients. Preoperative hemoglobin ranged from 9.7 gm/dl to 25 gm/dl [mean 19 gm/dl]. The type of ventricular septal defect were typical perimembranous type, and total canal defect [13%]. The right ventricular outflow tract obstruction was due to combined [58.5%], infundibular [35%], and valvular stenosis [6.5%]. Transannular patch was used in 17% of patients. Hospital mortality was 9.8% in overall, but decreased to 1.7% since 1982. There was two late death [12 year actuarial survival [97%] due to fulminant hepatitis, residual abnormalities [PS, VSD]. Ninety two percent of survivors at follow-up are asymptomatic and leading an active normal life. Residual ventricular septal defect was detected with radionuclide single pass study in 15.3% of patients but almost cases were Qp/Qs less than 1.5, and only two patients had been candidates for reoperation.