• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.625-631
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• 2004

In general, the certainty factors of the fuzzy production rules and the certainty factors of fuzzy Propositions appearing in the rules are represented by real values between zero and one. If it can allow the certainty factors of the fuzzy production rules and the certainty factors of fuzzy propositions to be represented by interval-valued fuzzy sets, then it can allow the reasoning of rule-based systems to perform fuzzy reasoning in more flexible manner(15). This paper presents a fuzzy Petri nets and proposes an interval-valued fuzzy reasoning algorithm for rule-based systems based on fuzzy Petri nets. Fuzzy Petri nets model the fuzzy production rules in the knowledge base of a rule-based system, where the certainty factors of the fuzzy Propositions appearing in the furry production rules and the certainty factors of the rules are represented by interval-valued fuzzy sets. The proposed interval-valued fuzzy set reasoning algorithm can allow the rule-based systems to perform fuzzy reasoning in a more flexible manner.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.814-823
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• 2011

Nowadays many neurological diseases such as stroke and Parkinson diseases are continually increasing. Orthotic devices as well as exoskeletons have been widely developed for supporting movement assistance and therapy of patients. Robotic knee orthosis can compensate stiff-knee gait of the paralyzed limb and can provide patients consistent assistance at wearable environments. With keeping a robotic orthosis wearable, however, it is not easy to develop a compact and safe actuator with fast rotation and high torque for consistent supports of patients during walking. In this paper, we propose a novel kinematic model for a robotic knee orthosis to drive a knee joint with independent actuation during swing and stance phases, which can allow an actuator with fast rotation to control swing motions and an actuator with high torque to control stance motions, respectively. The suggested kinematic model is composed of a hamstring device with a slide-crank mechanism, a quadriceps device with five-bar/six-bar links, and a patella device for knee covering. The quadriceps device operates in five-bar links with 2-dof motions during swing phase and is changed to six-bar links during stance phase by the contact motion to the patella device. The hamstring device operates in a slider-crank mechanism for entire gait cycle. The kinematics and velocity/force relations are analyzed for the quadriceps and hamstring devices. Finally, the adequate actuators for the suggested kinematic model are designed based on normal gait requirements. The suggested kinematic model will allow a robotic knee orthosis to use compact and light actuators with full support during walking.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.219-263
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• 2011

"Wrongful conception" is a medical malpractice claim in which the plaintiff is the parent of a normal, healthy infant whose conception was unplanned and unwanted. Medical malpractice in wrongful conception can be the result of a failure to provide informed consent to a patient, failure to properly perform a surgery, or a physician's negligent handling of a patient's problems. In the concrete, wrongful conception cases fall into two categories; those involving pre-conception negligence, such as a failed contraceptive, sterilization or failing of the controlling of embryo-number on the IVF, and those involving post-conception negligence, such as a failure to diagnose a pregnancy or to perform an abortion procedure. In addition, Medical malpractice can be the result of a failure to provide informed consent to a patient. When bad results occur by medical malpractice or failure to provide informed consent to a patient, the range of recovery of damages is decided by a traditional civil liability law. However the calculation of damages for wrongful conception is not easy because the high value of life is included in that case. So many courts opinions in foreign country and Seoul High Court decision in 1996 allow damages for the pregnancy, birthing process and sterilization costs, but refuses to allow damages for child rearing expenses. As to the range of recovery of damages for wrongful conception, one approach says that to allow damages in a suit such as this would mean that the physician would have to pay for the fun, joy and affection which plaintiff will have in the rearing and educating of the plaintiff's baby. To allow such damages would be against the dignity of the baby based on article 10 of the Constitution. However another approach says that damages are recoverable for all expenses related to child birth as well as for child rearing costs. Because the damages that the parents should bear a burden to the tort damage done is not a baby itself but child rearing costs. In other words, although the baby is healthy or not, economic burden of the parents can not be disregard. And denial of compensation for costs of child rearing may invalidate the role of liability law, grant the physician with a exemption certificate of liability. As a result, the medical field of procreation can be easily isolated from a liability of reparation. Therefore, on the liability law like the other medical malpractice action, parents who became pregnant or gave a birth by physician, wrongfully performed sterilization operation, etc. should be compensated for all damages relevant to unplanned and unwanted conception or birth as well as costs of child rearing.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2003

In order to compute the Nielsen number N(f) of a self-map $f:X{\rightarrow}X$, some Reidemeister classes in the fundamental group ${\pi}_1(X)$ need to be distinguished. D. Ferrario has some algebraic results which allow distinguishing Reidemeister classes. In this paper we generalize these results to the Reidemeister sets of iterates.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.43-50
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• 2004

physician, trainer, and the patient confuse the definition of treatment and rehabilitation with that of training or conditioning. It needs that rehabilitation is an effort of modalities to diminish pain, allow for healing of the damaged tissue, reestablish the musculotendinous length, and redevelop basic strength. - understanding anatomy, pathophysiology, biomechanics, and sports are crucial to have better treatment and rehabilitation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.315-319
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• 2000

This study is to analyze the effect of the cross beam in bridge design. The analysis on the cross beam using FEM method is to find the best location and numbers of the cross beam in bridges. These analysis will allow economical design and construction in the field.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1433-1434
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• 2008

LED has gained its importance in the projection display market from very compact, micro-projectors to potentially high output, desktop systems. In both of these systems, the output levels are less than desirable. This paper describes practical recycling and multiplexing systems that provide brightness increases, and allow projectors to achieve outputs beyond its current levels.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.39-42
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• 2008

We have developed new display techniques that allow presentation of nearly correct focus cues. Using these techniques, we find that stereo vision is faster and more accurate, and that viewers experience less discomfort, when focus cues are consistent with simulated depth.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.157-162
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• 2003

Piezoelectric ink jet offers a promising combination of productivity, reliability and uniformity that are appropriate for jetting organic electronic materials. Spectra is manufacturing a printhead specifically for display manufacturing. This printhead contains a robust material set and is intended to allow calibration of individual nozzles to meet uniformity requirements of+/-2% for display manufacture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.31-34
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• 2003

The monitoring of genotoxic effect or oxidative DNA damage in workers exposed to hazardous materials is increasingly applied for hazard identification or risk assessment purposes in workplaces. The current generation of biomarkers has the potential to allow for the earlier detection of occupational disease, for the reduction of misclassification of exposure and outcome. (omitted)