• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2006

Alloimmunization to red blood cell (RBC) antigens may cause a delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTR) and a delayed serologic transfusion reactions (DSTR). In the present study, the frequency of alloimmunization and its clinical significance were evaluated. Also, transfusions were correlated with antibody formation. Alloimmunization rate was 0.63%. Alloimmunization rate in multiple transfused patients was 24.5%. The most common clinically significant alloantibodies of alloimmunized patients were found to be Rh antibodies (52.6%). Nine patients out of 38 (23.7%) became undetectable after the first detection. To be positive at antibody screening test after RBC transfusion was mean transfused numbers: 3.7 units, mean transfused periods: 56 days, mean transfused frequencies: 1.7 times. The results from antibody specificity and RBC transfusions were comparatively analyzed and it shows that Rh system antibodies were longer than other antibodies (P<0.05). In case of disease group, malignant diseases was longer than other diseases (P<0.05). In order to prevent the formation of RBC alloimmunization, irregular antibody screening tests were performed at propriety intervals in multiple transfused patients.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2020

Thalassemias are considered important health issues throughout Iraq, involving its Kurdistan region. This disorder, particularly its major form, needs lifelong regular transfusions. But this form of medical care is associated with various complications including red cell alloimmunization and autoimmunization. This study determined the frequency and associations of alloimmunization among multi-transfused patients with β-thalassemia major. The subjects were 204 patients who were registered at a thalassemia care center in Sulaymaniyah-Iraqi Kurdistan. The patients' records were analyzed, their red cells were phenotyped for ABO/RhD antigens using the gel card method, and irregular antibody screening/identification was performed using the standard tube method. Alloantibodies were detected in 5.8% of the patients, while DAT was positive in 4% of the patients, which indicated autoantibodies. The identified alloantibodies were anti-E (2.4%), anti-C (1.4%), anti-e (1%), and anti-K (1%). A patient's age at the start of transfusion (>2 years) (P=0.042) and a positive history of transfusion reactions (P=0.003) were correlated with a significantly higher rate of alloantibody formation. From the results of our study, we conclude that measures to decrease the development of alloantibodies may incorporate matching for Rhesus and Kell systems and early induction of blood transfusions.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권11호
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• pp.428-430
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• 2019

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2016

적혈구 동종면역은 수혈자와 공여자간의 적혈구 항원의 차이이다. 수혈을 위해서는 혈구형과 혈청형이 일치하지 않으면 적혈구 항체 선별 검사가 필요하며 불일치의 원인을 해명하는 것이 필수적이다. 적혈구 항체 선별검사는 임상적으로 유의한 항체를 검출하고, 신속 정확하며, 신뢰할 수 있는 방법으로 수혈에 앞서 우선적으로 하는 것을 권장한다. 본 연구자들은 다빈도로 검출된 E, D, M, E+c, C+e 항체에 대한 선별검사를 보고하였다. 따라서 이러한 결과로 항-D, 항-E의 항체가 신생아 용혈성 질환, 지연형 용혈성 수혈부작용 반응의 위험요인으로 인식하고자 한다. 또한 혈액안전관리를 적용하기 위해 적합한 항체선별검사가 요구되고, 수혈 위험요인의 선별에 있어 더 나은 효율성을 제공할 것이며 향후에 각 국가에 따라 실질적인 검출빈도를 찾는 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2001

On patients with disorder of hematopoiesis such as leukemia, aplastic anemia, MDS(Myelodisplastic Syndromes), removal of infectious foci prior to the BMT(Bone Marrow Transplantation) is a necessity and what is more, there is no sufficient time to control the infections because the chemotherapy for BMT should be started as soon as possible. And the transfusion should be minimized to prevent the alloimmunization. In those reasons, oral & maxillofacial surgeons are often in need of multiple extractions, and should take into consideration the possibility of complications after multiples extractions such as infection, severe bleeding because those situations can be fatal on patients with disorder of hematopoiesis. We present our experience in multiple extractions on 30 patients with disorder of hematopoiesis referred from Catholic Hematopoiesis Stem Cell transplantation Center at St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.217-219
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• 2024

Matching for the rhesus (Rh) blood group is currently not taken into account in the organ allocation system. However, in Rh-mismatched transplantation, the primary concern is the potential for RhD-negative recipients to develop sensitization and produce anti-D antibodies if they receive a transfusion of RhD-positive blood. It is estimated that over 80% of RhD-negative recipients may experience Rh allosensitization when exposed to RhD-positive blood, although this occurrence is less common in recipients of solid organs. In theory, RhD-negative recipients who receive organs from RhD-positive donors are at risk of alloimmunization and the production of anti-D antibodies, which could complicate future blood product transfusions. However, our understanding of the impact of donor-recipient Rh mismatch on transplant outcomes, particularly in heart transplantation, is limited. We report a case of successful Rh-mismatched heart transplantation, which was effectively managed through the use of preoperative RhD immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis.

• 대한수혈학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2018

배경: CDe 표현형 환자에서 수혈에 의해 항-E 또는 항-E/-c 항체가 생길 수 있다. CDe 표현형 환자에서 항-E 또는 항-E/-c 항체의 생성에 따른 특성의 차이를 조사해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 2014년에 실시된 비예기항체 동정 검사결과를 후향적으로 검토하였다. Rh 표현형과 항체 특이성을 조사하였고, CDe 표현형 환자의 수혈 및 의무 기록을 조사 하였다. 결과: 총 76명의 환자가 포함되었다. 76명의 환자 중 38명(50.0%)이 CDe 표현형이었다. 항-E 항체 양성군은 23명(60.5%)이었고, 항-E/-c 양성군은 9명(23.7%) 이었다. 총 수혈 단위와 혈소판 수혈 단위는 항-E/-c 항체 양성군에서 유의하게 높았다(P=0.028, P=0.01). 분류된 질병군의 분포는 항-E 및 항-E/-c 항체 양성군간에 차이가 없었다. 수혈의 빈도가 4회 이상을 차지하는 비율은 간담도계 질환 환자군에서 85.7%로 가장 높았다. 결론: CDe 표현형 환자에서 항-E 양성군보다 항-E/-c 양성군에서 혈소판 수혈이 의미 있게 높아 적혈구 동종면역에 혈소판의 역할이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 한국인에서 E 항원 면역원성이 가장 높기 때문에 CDe 표현형 환자들에게 E 항원과 c 항원 음성 혈액의 수혈이 요구되는 질환군을 향 후 정의할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.464-467
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• 2001

Aplastic anemia is a hematopoietic disorder characterized by marked reduction or absence of erythoid, granulocytic, and megakariocytic cells in the bone marrow with resultant pancytopenia. To control of infection & bleeding secondary to leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, the inflammatory lesions in oral & maxillofacial area should be removed. Material & Method: The extractions were performed on 21 patients with severe aplastic anemia. The initial, pre-operative and postoperative CBCs were checked up. Amount and kind of transfused platelet in each patient and increment of platelet level were recorded. The complications were documented. Result : A mean of 2.9 teeth were extracted from each patient(ranging between 1 and 13). Furthermore, surgical extractions including ostectomy and odontectomy of the third molar were performed on 11 patients. The preoperative WBC levels presented between $600/{\mu}L$ and $5000/{\mu}L$(mean $2376/{\mu}L$). The WBC values decreased by an average of $145/{\mu}L$ per patient after extractions had been performed. The teeth of 16 patients were extracted under 10.0g/dL, and the mean change in postoperative hemoglobin levels in comparison with preoperative hemoglobin levels was -0.06 per patient. The initial platelet levels were between 1000/(L and $81,000/{\mu}L$(mean $20,174/{\mu}L$). In five patients, extractions were performed with platelet levels less than $50,000/{\mu}L$. Conclusion : The results suggest that more active and preventive treatments in the oral and maxillofacial area are possible and are necessary to remove the infectious foci on the patients with severe aplastic anemia. We report the results of our experiences and literature reviews in treatment of the patients with severe aplastic anemia in our department.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.187-191
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• 1998

Aplastic anemia is a disease characterized by general lack of bone marrow activity; It may affect not only the red blood cells but also the white blood cells and platelets, resulting in pancytopenia. Spontaneous gingival hemorrhage is present in some cases and it is related to the blood platelet deficiency. This case report presents the periodontal treatment of a patient with aplastic anemia. A 43-year-old female was referred for continuous gingival bleeding after periodontal treatment. Periodontal findings revealed generalized gingival imflammation, oozing of blood from gingival crevice, and it was diagnosed as adult periodontitis. Root planing and extraction of the upper left third molar with poor prognosis were put into operation after elevation of the platelet count with platelet transfusion. The extraction socket was sutured with 3-0 silk. Bleeding continued even after digital compression at the upper right second premolar, second molar, and left canine areas, which presented severe inflammation. Although platelets were transfused repeatedly, platelet count did not stay elevated since survival rate of the transfused platelets were low due to alloimmunization. Thrombin gauze packing was not effective. Bleeding ceased 3 days after treatment with transfusion of donor platelets. 20 days after the treatment, the gingiva was generally healthy except upper right second premolar and lateral incisor areas. The result of periodontal treatment was good, but bleeding control after treatment was troublesome. In the periodontal treatment of patient with aplastic anemia, elevation of the platelet count with platelet transfusion seems to be the best method for hemorrhage control.

• Annals of Laboratory Medicine
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.599-603
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• 2018

Frequencies of red blood cell (RBC) blood group antigens differ by ethnicity. Since the number of immigrants is increasing in Korea, RBC antigens should be assessed in children/youths with parents of different ethnicities to ensure safe transfusions. We investigated the frequency of RBC antigens, except for ABO and RhD, in 382 children and youths with parents having Korean and non-Korean ethnicities. Subjects were divided into those with ethnically Korean parents (Korean group; N=252) and those with at least one parent of non-Korean ethnicity (non-Korean group; N=130). The 37 RBC antigens were genotyped using the ID CORE XT system (Progenika Biopharma-Grifols, Bizkaia, Spain). The frequencies of the Rh (E, C, e, $hr^S$, and $hr^B$), Duffy ($Fy^a$), MNS ($Mi^a$), and Cartwright ($Yt^b$) antigens differed significantly between the two groups. Eight and 11 subjects in the Korean and non-Korean groups, respectively, exhibited negative expression of high-frequency antigens, whereas 14 subjects in the non-Korean group showed positive expression of low-frequency antigens. The frequency of RBC antigens has altered alongside demographic changes in Korea and might lead to changes in distribution of RBC antibodies that cause acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction.