• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.286-291
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• 2017

This study was conducted to certify the effect of aqueous extracts from fifty medicinal plants on the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in vitro. Each aqueous extract was prepared by combining one-part medicinal plants with twenty-parts distilled water at $80^{\circ}C$ for 8 h. Among the fifty medicinal plants, Allium sativum L. and Cinnamomum cassia Presl were regarded as an effective anti-hangover substance. Allium sativum L. extract increased ALDH activity more than 2 times compared with ADH activity, enhancing the acetaldehyde degradation. Cinnamomum cassia Presl extract dramatically inhibited ADH activity compared with ALDH activity, thus potently decreasing the acetaldehyde formation. ADH and ALDH activities were proportionally inhibited according to the increased concentration of Cinnamomum cassia Presl extract. The aqueous extract of Cinnamomum cassia Presl at a concentration of $45.33{\mu}g/mL$ inhibited ADH activity by 52.8% and ALDH activity by 11.0%.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2023

Objectives: The most prominent microorganisms that cause hospital infections and acquire antibiotic resistance are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The present study aimed to compare the phenolic and flavonoid compounds of various Allium ampeloprasum and Allium porrum extracts and evaluate the antibacterial effects of these extracts against these two microorganisms. Methods: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the acetone, methanol, aqueous, and hexane leeks extracts from A. ampeloprasum and A. porrum were measured. The antibacterial activity of these extracts against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was tested using the disk diffusion method for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Further, the minimum inhibitory concentrations and the minimum bactericidal concentrations of these extracts for these two bacteria were evaluated and compared with those of common antibiotics. Results: The aqueous extracts showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents and at concentrations of 35 and 40 mg per disk, showed the most antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa; P. aeruginosa showed more sensitivity to the aqueous extracts than S. aureus. Conclusion: Aqueous A. ampeloprasum and A. porrum extracts may prevent the growth of hospital pathogens, especially P. aeruginosa; our findings will aid the discovery of new antimicrobial substances against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 2002

Anti-fungal potential of 5 plant extracts viz., Eucalyptus citriodora, Allium sativum, Cassia sophera, Chromolaena odorata and Datura metel on the growth of mulberry brown leaf spot pathogen Myrothecium roridum were examined. Except fur the aqueous extract of Allium bulb, ethanolic leaf extract of all other plants more efficiently reduced the colony growth of the fungus on potato-dextrose-agar, Of which, Allium and Eucalyptus extracts were more effective. Initiation of radial growth of M. roridum on solid media was deferred maximum 6 days by ethanolic Eucalyptus extract and 4 days by aqueous Allium extract at $0.4 mg.ml^{-1}$. In the liquid media amended with Eucalyptus extract ($0.4 mg.ml^{-1}$) complete inhibition of sporulation was noticed upto 8 days, and initial inhibition of mycelial bio-mass generation was considerably diminished with time and reduction was 1.3 fold 14 days after application. While, complete inhibition of mycelial growth for 6-14 days was recorded with $\geq$0.1 mg.ml$^{-1}$ commercial eucalyptus oil. However, rejuvenation of growth appeared when fungus was re-inoculated in fresh media. Post-inoculate application of different doses Of Eucalyptus and Allium extracts significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the disease severity in pot-ted mulberry. However, persistence of the effect up to 28 days was apparent at $\geq$ 1.0 mg.ml$^{-1}$ and effectively was on par with carbendazim (1 mg.ml$^{-1}$ ). Almost equal control ability of 1.0 mg.ml$^{-1}$ Eucalyptus extracts can be achieved by ca. 10 times lowered dose of commercial eucalyptus oil. It seems, the toxic principle of E. citrodora to M. roridum is fungistatic in nature and may have essential oil based origin.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 2009

Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, but their functions remain elusive. The proteins AlLTP2-4 were isolated from three related Allium plants: garlic (A. sativum L.), Welsh onion (A. fistulosum L.), and Nanking shallot (A. ascalonicum L.). These novel proteins comprise a new class of LTPs associated with the Ace-AMP1 from onion (A. cepa L.). The AlLTP genes encode proteins harboring 132 common amino acids and also share a high level of sequence identity. Protein characteristics and phylogenetic analysis suggest that LTPs could be classified into five distinct groups. The AlLTPs were clustered into the most distantly related plant LTP subfamily and appeared to be restricted to the Allium species. In particular, the number of amino acids existing between the fourth and fifth Cys residue was suggested as a conserved motif facilitating the categorization of all the LTP-related proteins in the family. Unlike other LTPs, AlLTPs harboring both the putative C-terminal propeptide and N-terminal signal peptide were predicted to be localized to cytoplasmic vacuoles. When a chimeric GFP protein fused with both N-terminal and C-terminal AlLTP2 signal peptides was expressed in rice cells, the fluorescence signal was detected in the endomembrane compartments, thereby confirming that AlLTPs are an unprecedented intracellular type of LTP. Collectively, our present data demonstrate that AlLTPs are a novel type of LTP associated with the Allium species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.251.1-251.1
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.66-67
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• 1997

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.266-271
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• 2007

The genomes of different allexiviruses were isolated and cloned from virus-infected garlic plants (Allium sativum), which were collected from farm fields in the southern provinces in Korea. The partial nucleotide sequences of the genomes from different allexiviruses were clearly identified in the virus-infected garlic plants. The cloned partial genomes of viruses in garlic plants showed a greater than 90% homology to previously identified allexiviruses and classified into species of GarV-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, and -X, demonstrating that species of allexivirus found in the other countries in the world are also widely distributed in the garlic plants in Korea.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.550-558
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• 2015

To analyze the linkage relationships among molecular markers recently reported to be linked to onion (Allium cepa L.) Ms, a restorer-of-fertility locus, in onion (Allium cepa L.), three single nucleotide polymorphism markers were converted into cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers based on onion transcriptome sequences and the rice genome database. Analysis of the recombinants selected from 4,273 segregating plants using CAPS and other linked markers demonstrated the jnurf13 and jnurf610 markers to perfectly co-segregate with the Ms locus. In contrast to jnurf13, the jnurf610 marker was not in perfect linkage disequilibrium with the Ms locus in diverse breeding lines. Thus, the jnurf13 marker and the marker for identification of cytoplasm types were utilized to enhance the efficiency of onion breeding through four applications. First, 89 maintainer lines containing the normal cytoplasm and homozygous recessive Ms genotypes were successfully identified from 100 breeding lines. Second, these two molecular markers were used to analyze the main sources of male-fertile contaminants frequently found in the male-sterile parental lines during F1 hybrid seed production. The majority of the contaminants contained heterozygous Ms genotypes, indicating that pollen grains harboring the dominant Ms genotype may have been introduced during propagation of the maintainer lines. Therefore, the genetic purity of the two maintainer lines was analyzed in the third application, and the results showed that both maintainer lines contained 13-21% off-types. Finally, the two markers were used to increase the seed yield potentials of two open-pollinated varieties containing sterile cytoplasms by removing the plants harboring homozygous recessive and heterozygous Ms genotypes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 2022

Wild garlic (Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum, AVVP) is a nontimber forest product used as an edible and medicinal vegetable. AVVP is usually propagated form offspring bulbs but it takes a long time to harvest. Using tissue culture technology could overcome this problem. This study investigated the optimal conditions for shoot multiplication, root growth, and plant growth by scooping AVVP bulbs. AVVP bulbs harvested from Ulleung Island, Korea, the main producer of AVVP, were surface-sterilized and used for in vitro propagation. Shoot multiplication was performed by the scooping method. More than five multiple shoots were induced from scooped tissue in Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL) medium containing plant growth regulators (PGRs); the maximum number of multiple shoots were induced from scooped tissue in QL medium containing 0.45 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) after 16 weeks of culture. Roots were induced directly at the base of the shoots in all treatments. In vitro rooting depended on the type of PGRs, and the best root-inducing treatment was QL medium containing 9.84 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Plants with in vitro roots were transferred to pots containing artificial soil and successfully acclimatized for 4 weeks. The acclimatized plants showed a survival rate of 80% after 20 weeks and gradually promoted growth depending on the acclimatization period. The results of this study will be of great help to AVVP dissemination through sustainable mass propagation.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.18-20
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• 2000

Methanol extracts of nine native plants(Teraxacum platycerpum leaf, Pinus densiflora leaf, Artemisia prinseps, leaf, Allium tuberosum leaf, Cassia obtussifolia, whole plant, Sophora angestifolia root, Stemonae sessilifolia root, Lonicera japonica, stem, leaf, flower, and Clivia miniata leaf were tested for repellent activity against Aedes albopictus and Blateria germanica. The extracts of P. densiflora, T. platycerpum, A. tuberosum and L. japonica (flower) exhibited excellent repellent activity against A. albopictus, while only L. japonica (leaf) had some good activity against B. germanica.