• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2010년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.147-154
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• 2010

The world is gradually running short of fossil fuel. Currently, the role of wind turbine is attracting great attention from all over the world. The objective of this study is to investigate blades of Vertical-axial wind turbine (VAWT) for optimum design using the CFD from the aerodynamics point of view. Because one of the performance of wind turbine depends on shape of blades, the study of comparing one gyro mill type blade and a modified one was carried out. Using the results of computation, we calculated and compared RPM for both models at same wind velocity. And we calculated angular acceleration and moment of inertia to find torque in every time-step. And the pressure contour and velocity profile around the blade were analyzed Also, this study is performed to calculate the wake effect.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.16-19
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• 2015

The authors had five cases of penoplasty from more than half of the scrotum to the suprapubic region using a fasciocutaneous radial forearm free flap (RFFF) after extensive excision of sclerosing lipogranuloma. Although the harvested RFFF was a rectangular shape, the authors made the shape of scrotum, penile shaft, and suprapubic region by using well designed geometry and several quilting sutures on junction of scrotum and penis. The contour of scrotum and penis was well maintained, and there were no complications, such as scrotal contracture, penile deformity, and erectile dysfunction during the one year follow up period in all five cases. There were no recurrent lesions and no need for further surgery.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.151-166
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• 2022

Peltier cells have low efficiency, but they are becoming attractive alternatives for affordable and environmentally clean cooling. In this line, the current article develops closed-form and semianalytical solutions to improve the temperature distribution of Bi₂Te₃ thermoelements. From the distribution, the main objective of the current work-the optimal electric intensity to maximize cooling-is inferred. The general one-dimensional differential coupled equation is integrated for linear and quadratic geometry of thermoelements, under temperature constant properties. For a general shape, a piece-wise solution based on heat flux continuity among virtual layers gives accurate analytical solutions. For variable properties, another piece-wise solution is developed but solved iteratively. Taking advantage of the formulae, the optimal intensity is directly derived with a minimal computational cost; its value will be of utility for more advanced designs. Finally, a parametric study including straight, two linear, barrel, hourglass and vase geometries is presented, drawing conclusions on how the shape of the thermoelement affects the coupled phenomena. A specially developed coupled and non-linear finite element research code is run taking into account all the materials of the cell and using symmetries and repetitions. These accurate results are used to validate the analytical ones.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2007년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.34 No.2 (A)
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• pp.229-230
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• 2007

Lane detection is one of the major components of traffic intelligence. It is impossible to recognize lanes as human do in all kinds of special situations; however, we can try to solve special problems with special methods. In this paper we propose a simple method using color segmentation, the Probabilistic Hough Transform (PHT), and the Least-Square in real-time lane tracking. Vehicles in neighborhood can be eliminated with one simple threshold in segmentation. Meanwhile, broken shape lanes in different road conditions can be successfully detected using the combination of PHT and Least-Square method. Eventually, this method is tested with groups of static images downloaded from internet and video sequences shot randomly on some highways. Satisfactory results are received.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1992

Recently, plenty of imported Chinese Mungbean is sold, for Korean Mungbean is expensive. But they say, Chinese Mungean has less delicacy and cooking quality. Above all, in comparison with Korean and Chinese Mungbeans properties they are different - Chinese Mungbean grain is twice in dimension, Chinese Mungbean is white and Korean one is yellow in peeled grain color. They are similar in size shape with the microscope. With Amylograph of Brabender the viscosity of Korean Mungbean is gradually and continually increased until heating from $25^{\circ}C$ to $92.5^{\circ}C$ and cooling to $25^{\circ}C$ again, but the one of Chines Mungbean is increased suddenly in 74$^{\circ}C$ and shows the abrupt break-down phenomenon. This same phenomenon is shown in swelling with melting-pointer, In $25^{\circ}C$, the cooling temperature, Chinese Mungbean is measured to 1400 B.U and Korean one 1600 B.U. With color-meter of Richard S. Hunter, 12% gel of Korean Mungbean starch is clear but Chinese one white. The texture of 12% gel of Chinese Mungbean starch with Rheo-meter becomes hardened much more than Korea one. As a result of sensory-test, color, cohesiveness, and flavors of Korean gel is preferred overwhelmingly.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2005

Male pseudohermaphroditism is individuals with Y chromosome whose external appearances fail to develop as expected as a normal male. Cytogenetic form of male pseudohermaphroditism was 46XY but external genital forms were variable. We reviewed data from 7 patients with male pseudohermaphroditism operated in Dong-A University Hospital from January 1996 to August 2002. They all had severe form of hypospadias (pseudovaginal perineoscrotal type). Only 1 of 7 cases was operated urethroplasty by one stage method, and all others by two stage method. Patients with mild chordee were operated by one stage method and patients with severe chordee were operated by two stage method. Complete chordee release was done by Z-plasty or FTSG on the first stage and posterior urethroplasty was done at level of mid-dorsum of shaft at the same time. Anterior urethroplasty was done completely on the second stage. Results were good from the viewpoint of shape and urination. Urethral fistula occurred in two cases, but other complications (infection, urethral stricture, etc.) didn't occur. In conclusion, two stage method was compatible to correct hypospadias in male pseudohermaphroditism, because hypospadias in male pseudohermaphroditism is in severe form.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.148-158
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• 2000

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the back shape of school children using the phase-shifting scanning grating projection moire interferometer, which was developed by the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and is useful in evaluating three dimensional back shape. Methods : In this study the subjects consisted of 1,358 pupils [711 boys(52.36%), 647 girls(47.64%)] attending elementary and middle schools in Seoul. Their ages ranged from nine to fifteen and the average age was 12.2. With the phase-shifting scanning grating projection moire interferometer, the posterior view of the body were taken to see if there are correlations of moire fringe number, width difference between left and right, and correlation between differences in moire fringe number and width on both sides in the scapular, lumbar and gluteal regions. Results : The results were as follows : I. More frequent findings of fringe were observed on the right in all regions : in the scapular region, 309 boys(43.4%) and 156 girls(24.2%) had more fringe numbers on the right side; in the lumbar region, 68 boys(9.5%) and 11 girls(1.7%); and in the gluteal region, 160 boys(22.4%) and 63 girls(9.8%). Such tendency was striking especially in the scapular and lumbar regions, and in boys rather than in girls. In the scapula, 661 subjects(48.7%) with one moire fringe on either side need further attention and 110 subjects(8.I %) with two or more are required to do follow-up radiography for scoliosis. 2. In an analysis of width difference in the trunk, the left side is wider in all regions except for the gluteal region in boys : in the scapular region 21 boys(3.0%) and 103 girls(15.9%); in the lumbar region, 87 boys(12.2%) and 250 girls(38.6%); and in the gluteal region 197 girls(30.4%) had a wider left side and 45 boys(6.3%) showed a wider right side. 3. In correlation analysis of the number of moire fringe and width difference in each region, the side where more moire fringes were observed was significantly wider in the lumbar and gluteal regions, but not in the scapular region.(p<0.01) Conclusions : From these results, it is concluded that the back shape of elementary and middle school students in Seoul shows that the right side had more moire fringes; the left side was wider; and especially in the lumbar and gluteal regions the side where more moire fringes were observed was wider.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2011

The ultrastructural characteristics of germ cells during spermatogenesis and mature sperm morphology in male Pinctada martensii were investigated by transmission electron microscope observation. The morphologies of the sperm nucleus and the acrosome of this species are the oval shape and cone shape, respectively. Spermatozoa are approximately $47-50{\mu}m$ in length including a sperm nucleus (about $1.24{\mu}m$ in length), an acrosome (about $0.60{\mu}m$ in length), and tail flagellum (about $45-47{\mu}m$). The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9+2 structure. In P. martensii in Pteriidae, a special substructure showing a thick and wide triangular shape which is composed of electron-dense opaque material (occupied about 50% of all, the upper part of the acrosomal vesicle), appeared in the upper region (part) of the acrosomal vesicle, while the lower region (part) of the acrosomal vesicle is composed of electron-lucent material. Thus, this special structure, which exist in the upper part of the acrosomal vesicle in P. martensii, is somewhat different from those of other subacrosomal vesicle in other families in subacrosomal vesicles. Therefore, we assume that the existence of a special substructure showing a thick and wide triangular shape in the acrosomal vesicle of the spermatozoon can be used as a key characteristic for identification of P. martensii or other species in Pteriidae in subclass Pteriomorphia. The number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm of this species are five (exceptionally sometimes four), as one of common characteristics appear the same number of mitochondria in the same families of superfamilyies. This species in Pteriidae does not contain the axial rod and satellite fibres which appear in the species in Ostreidae in subclass Pteriomorphia. These characteristics can be used for the taxonomic analysis of the family or superfamily levels as a systematic key or tools.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.635-644
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• 2014

This study provides basic reference data for brassiere wearing conditions, design preferences of new silver women (50s-60s) and development of brassiere products. We compiled and compared 163 pieces of brassiere (considering of 105 domestic general brassieres and 58 foreign silver brassieres) analyzed using SPSS Statistics 21 program. A survey was then conducted on the actual wearing, purchasing conditions, design preferences for 176 females (50s-60s). The result of this study are as follows: First, comparing actual product conditions (domestic general products and foreign silver products), the ratio of full cup in cup height, V-shape type in neckline shape, long type in front-end length, wide type in wing width, U-shape type in shoulder strap form, wide type in shoulder strap width, no-wire brassieres in breast wire type, all-in-one type in shoulder strap separation, back type in closure type appeared higher than other types of brassiere in domestic general product. Second, a study also showed that 60s women's wearing time is lower than 50s women's; however, 60s women expressed a higher figure and preference for the purchasing ratio in the department store, full cup in cup height, short type in length of brassieres, wide type in wing width, U-shape in shoulder strap form, small type in shoulder strap width, back type in closure type and no-wire brassieres than those in their 50s. It was found they prefer fabric with a high natural content, nude tone color without decoration & pattern and camisole brassieres.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2010

Sustainable design is getting to be controversial issue in all industries over the world particularly, in architecture as the amount of energy usage in architecture occupies 40%. Therefore, it is essential to make the standard for the sustainable design. In order to construct the sustainable design, firstly it should be considered that sustainable design elements based on natural resources to increase building energy efficiency is established and classified. The method of sustainable design divides into passive design and active design. Passive design method should be examined with active one simultaneously for more efficient usage of energy. Next, the study is followed how the sustainable design elements is adopted in buildings through the comparison of cases study of domestic and oversea. The result of case study shows similar adoption of sustainable design elements between oversea and domestic. However, the difference is shown in the building orientation and shape and the window size and position in Solar energy as well as high performance structure in Heat energy. These elements are the most significant elements in order to reduce energy load. In oversea, sustainable design is generated by architects, a client, and consultants based on the close cooperation in the beginning of early design phase before deciding building shape and envelope while in the domestic field adoption for sustainable design is conducted after deciding building shape and material. In order to design sustainable architecture more study is necessary in early stage for Zero Carbon and reducing building energy load through relation with specialists, a client and architects.