• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.264-271
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• 2013

In this study, we optimized the removal condition of contaminants attached on the scrap surface to recycle the scrap generated from the Zr alloy tube manufacturing process back to the nuclear grade. The main contaminant is remnant of watersoluble cooling lubricant that is used in the pilgering manufacture during the tube production, and it is assumed to be compressed and carbonized on the surface of tube. Zirlo alloy tube of ${\phi}9.50mm$, which has high occurrence frequency of scrap, was selected as the object to be cleaned, and cleaning abilities of reagents were evaluated by measuring the characteristics of contaminants remained and by analyzing the surface of the tube after cleaning process. For evaluation of each cleaning agent, we selected two types of sodium hydroxide series and three types of potassium hydroxide series. Furthermore, to confirm dependence on tempe-rature and ultrasonic intensities, cleaning at the room temperature, $40^{\circ}C$, and $60^{\circ}C$ was conducted, and results showed that higher the cleaning temperature and higher the ultrasonic intensity, better the cleaning effect. As a result of the bare-eye inspection, while the use of sodium hydroxide provided satisfactory condition on the tube surface, the use of potassium hydroxide series provided satisfactory condition on the tube surface only when the ultrasonic intensity was over 120 W. In the cleaning effect analysis using the gravimetric method, cleaning efficiency of sodium hydroxide series was as high as 97.6% ($60^{\circ}C$, 120 W), but since the tube surface condition was poor after the use of potassium hydroxide, the gravimetric method was not appropriate. In the analytical result of surface contaminants on the tube surface, C, O, Ca, and Zr were detected, and mainly C and O dominated the proportion of contaminants. It was also found that the degree of cleaning on the tube affected the componential ratio of C and O; if the degree of cleaning is high, or if cleaning is well-conducted, the proportion of C is decreased, and the proportion of O is increased. Based on these results, optimal cleaning for application in the industry can be expected by categorizing cleaning process into three steps of Alkali cleaning, Rinsing, and Drying and by adjusting cleaning parameters in each step.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.27-38
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• 2016

This study examined the nutrient components and physicochemical properties of Acer termentosum Maxim. leaf as a natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the general and antioxidative contents of Acer termentosum Maxim leaf were measured. Total contents of carbohydrates, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were 53.6%, 24.3%, 3.5%, and 3.5%, respectively. Caloric content of Acer termentosum Maxim was 246.5 kcal, while total dietary fiber was 46.7%. Regarding mineral contents, K was the most abundant mineral, followed by Ca, Mg, and P. Therefore, Acer termentosum Maxim is an alkali material. Total phenol contents of the 70% ethanolic extracts of Acer termentosum Maxim was $116.35{\pm}1.4mg\;GAE/g$. Total flavonoid contents of the 70% ethanolic extracts were $20.3{\pm}1.23mg\;RE/g$. The antioxidative activities of Acer termentosum Maxim. were significantly increased in a dose dependent manner on DPPH(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) radical scavenging, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activity, reducing power. It is expected that follow up study of Acer termentosum Maxim through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of functional foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.1154-1161
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to determine the possibility of using Sophorae fructus as natural health food source. To accomplish this purpose, the contents of general and antioxidative nutrients of Sophora fructus were measured. The contents of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid and ash are 75.9%, 16.4%, 2.41%, and 5.2%, respectively, while the calories of Sophora fructus was 337.3 kcal. Total dietary fiber was 15.07% of total carbohydrates. The percentages of water soluble dietary fiber to insoluble dietary fiber were 1.09% and 10.36%, respectively. The protein was composed of a total of 18 different kinds of amino acids. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acids were 2,310.91 mg and 5,218.52 mg. The K was the largest mineral followed by Ca, P and Mg, which means Sophorae fructus is alkali material. The contents of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 24.94%, 32.40%, and 32.86%, respectively. Therefore, the amount of the total unsaturated fatty acid was higher than that of any other plant. The content of vitamin C in Sophorae fructus was higher than that of any other plant, which suggests that it could increase blood elasticity. The content of rutin, which is responsible for capillary vessel permeability, was 1.78%. The contents of water soluble antioxidative materials in 1 mL of water-extracted Sophorae fructus were $4.95\;{\mu}g$ which is comparable to 1,560.96 mmol of vitamin C in antioxidant effect. The general nutrients and other antioxidatant bioactive materials in Sophorae fructus were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that a follow up study on Sophorae fructus through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of medicinal foods.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.104-123
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• 1995

Mantle xenoliths in alkali basalt from Boun, Gansung area, and Baegryung island in S. Korea are spinel lherzolites composed of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and spinel. The xenoliths generally show triple junctions among grams, kink-banding in olivine and pyroxenes, and protogranular and eqigranular textures having m orlentatron of specific direction. Anhedral brown spinels are disseminated in the intergranular spaces of minerals. Mineral compositions are very homogeneous without compositional zonation from rim to core in grains regardless different locahties. Olivine shows Fo. component of 89.0-90.2 and low CaO of 0.03-0.12wt%, orthopyroxene is enstatite with En component of 89.0 - 90.0 and $Al_2O_3$ of 4-5wt%, and clinopyroxene is diopside having En. component of 47.2-49.1 and $Al_2O_3$ of 7.42-7.64wt% from Boun and 4.70-4.91wt% from Baegryung showing local variation. Spinel shows the distinctive negative trend with increasing of A1 and decreasing of Cr, and Mg value and Cr number are 75.1-81.9 and 8.5-12.6, respectively. To estlmate T and P for these mantle xenoliths pyroxene-geothermometers (Wood and Banno, 1973; Wells, 1977; Mercier, 1980; Sachtleben and Seck, 1981; Bertrand and Mercier, 1985; Brey and Kohler, 1990) and Al-solubility geobarometer (Mercier, 1980; Lane and Ganguly, 1980) are used. Temperatures of Mercier (1980) and Sachtleben and Seck (1981) are compatible and equilibrium temperatures of xenoliths, average value of these two, aiie from $970^{\circ}C$ to $1020^{\circ}C$, and equihbrium pressures derived from Mercier (1980) are in the range of 12-19 Kb (42-63 Km). These temperatures and pressures seem to be reasonble wlth the consideration of Al-isopleths in MAS system (Lane and Ganguly, 1980) and Fe effect on Al-solubility in orthopyroxene (Lee and Ganguly, 1988). Equllibrium of temperatures and pressures of xenoliths in P-T space belong to ocenanic geothem among the Mercier's mantle geotherms (1980) and are completely different from continental geotherms of S. Africa (Lesotho) and S. India having different geologcal ages. anera1 compositions of spmel-lherzohtes in S. Korea and eastern China are primitwe and paleogeothems of both are very s~mllar, but degrees of depletion of upper mantle could be locally different from each other since eastern China has various depleted xenoliths due to different degrees of partial melting.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.167-180
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• 2010

The geochemical studies on the plutonic rocks of the Geochang, the central part of the Ryongnam massif, were carried out in order to constrain the petrogenesis and the paleotectonic environment. The objects of this study are dioritic rocks, biotite granite and hornblende granite. The modal compositions indicate that the dioritic rocks are quartz diorite, quartz monzodiorite, tonalite, biotite granites are granodiorite, granite and hornblende granites are granite, quartz monzonite, quartz syenite. These rocks belong to the calc-alkaline series. Especially, trace elements such as Sr, Nb, Sr, Ti are depleted, suggesting that these rocks are produced in the subduction zone related to calc-alkaline series. Also, the studied granitic rocks correspond to peraluminous and I-type. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns show that LREE are enriched much more than HREE, and have weak Eu(-) anomaly. It is similar to pattern of Jurassic granitoids in the South Korea. Total REE value of the biotite granite and hornblende granite ranges 76.21~137.05 ppm and 73.84~483.21 ppm, respectively, also $(La/Lu)_{CN}$ value ranges 9.61~36.47 and 7.17~21.85. It is suggest that studied rocks suppor their emplacement at active continental margin. Also, these rocks are derived from magma generated by partial melting of lower continental crust materials.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.219-233
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• 2013

Spherulitic rhyolite occur as part of ring dyke which showing a vertical flowage of $60^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}$, of the Jangsan cauldron was studied. The spherulites range in diameter from a few millimeters to 2.8 centimeters or more, and average 5~10 millimeters. It belongs to radiated simple spherulite type. They consist of a core of moderate brown dense material encased by a thin crust, a few millimeters thick at most of white grey material. The spherulites frequently have a radiating fibrous structure, which are thought to have formed as a consequence of rapid mineral growth caused by very fast cooling of the dykes in shallow depth near the surface. EPMA examination of the concentric-zoned core of spherulites show that they are mainly composed of cryptocrystalline-fibrous intergrowth of silica minerals and alkali feldspars which have $SiO_2$ 82% or more, $Al_2O_3$ 7~10%, $Na_2O+K_2O$ less than 8%. The feldspar compositions of the spherulites lie essentially within the sanidine field. XRD examination show that spherulites are mainly composed of quartz, sanidine, albite with minor mica, kaolinite and chlorite. According to X-ray mapping, the spherulites are enriched in $SiO_2$ in the core and partly enriched $Na_2O$ or $K_2O$, $Al_2O_3$ in the shell that reflect in compositional zoning with increasing spherulitic devitrification. The feathery and non-equant crystal shapes of spherulites from rhyolite dyke of Jangsan cauldron suggest that they may have formed during the rapid cooling of dyke under the static state, or faster velocity of devitrification from glassy materials than movement velocity of the magma intrusion. The spherulitic rhyolite originated from high-silica(75.4~75.7 wt.%) rhyolite magma.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.418-424
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• 1993

In order to test combining ability of the cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile(CGMS) and restorer lines with backgrounds of Korean japonica rice varieties, diallel crosses were made among the early maturing CGMS lines Sobaegbyeo A, Odaebyeo A, Gwanagbyeo A and Daeseongbyeo A, and the restorer lines Sobaegbyeo R, Odaebyeo R, Gwanagbyeo Rand Daeseongbyeo R, and among the medium maturing CGMS lines Hwajinbyeo A, Paldal A, Suwon 224 A and Iri 386 A and the restorer lines Hwajinbyeo R, Paldal R, Suwon 224 Rand Iri 386 R, and among the late maturing CGMS lines Nagdongbyeo A, Palkweng A, Hwacheongbyeo A and Milyang 97 A and the restorer lines Nagdongbyeo R, Palkweng R, H wacheongbyeo Rand Milyang 97 R. The fourty eight combinations of the hybrids, their parents and the maintainers were grown in field condition in 1992. General combining ability, relative specific combining ability and relative combining ability for yield of the CGMS and restorer lines were tested. Combining ability of the CGMS lines Odaebyeo A, Iri 386 A, Nagdongbyeo A and Palkweng A, and of the restorer lines Odaebyeo R, Hwajinbyeo R, Hwacheongbyeo Rand Palkweng R was relatively high. Heterobeltiosis for grain yield over the better parent of the early maturing hybrids ranged from -17 % to 15%, and that of the medium maturing ones from -4% to 22%, and that of the late maturing ones from -46% to 30% respectively, Standard heterosis over the standard variety of the early maturing hybrids ranged from -13 % to 12 %, and that of the medium maturing ones from 0 % to 26%, and that of the late maturing ones from -38% to 26% respectively, Positive and negative heterosis for grain yield of the hybrid rices were observed depending on cross combinations, In the positive heterosis hybrids, number of panicles per hill and number of spikelets per panicle contributed mostly to grain yield, while in the negative heterosis hybrids, spikelet fertility and 1000 grain weight were closely correlated to grain yield. Amylose content of the hybrid rices, maintainer and restorer lines was mostly lower than 20 %, and alkali digestion value was higher than 6.0. Grain appearance of the hybrids tested was similar to the korean japonica rice varieties.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 1990

Six commerical rice varieties were cultivated and harvested at different locations in 1987 and 1988 to clarify the degree of locational variations. of several characteristics related to rice grain quality using the rice samples harvested from 8 to 20 locations for a variety each year. Locational variations of percent brown rice, percent milled rice, 1000-grain weight and amylose content were small, but whole grain rate, alkali digestibility, gel consistency, percent white-center and white-belly grain, degree of chalkiness and degree of translucency showed larger variations between locations. The degree of locational variation of sensory evaluation score for eating quality of cooked rice were varied from small to large along with rice variety used and year cultivated. Texture palatability index and stickiness of cooked rice among rheogram characteristics showed larger locational variations, but cohesiveness and springiness showed smaller variations between locations. Set back, break down and maximum viscosity showed larger locational variations among amylogram characteristics of rice flour. Special attention was given to a cultivated location, Anseong, because rice samples harvested at Anseong showed lower percent white-center and white-belly grain, and low set back and high break down in Chucheongbyeo, lower percent white-center and white-belly grain, higher texture palatability index and viscousness/hardness ratio, and low set back and high break down in Dongjinbyeo, higher texture palatability index, and low set back and high break down in Yongmunbyeo, lower percent white-center and white-belly grain in Sangpungbyeo, and low set back and high break down in Samkangbyeo. No other locations in this study produced rice samples showing wide acceptable quality-related characteristics except Anseong.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of using Oenanthe javanica as a natural health food source. To accomplish this, its general and biological activities were measured. Its carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash contents were 44.7, 9.8, 8.9, and 27.8%, respectively. The K content was largest for minerals followed by Ca, P, and Mg, which means that Oenanthe javanica is an alkali material. The concentrations of total phenol and flavonoids of OJE were $88.9{\pm}0.46$ mg GAE/g, and $28.6{\pm}0.64$ mg QE/g, respectively. Gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid in OJE as measured by using HPLC were $0.9{\pm}0.23$, $1.2{\pm}0.19$, $227.1{\pm}0.62$, and $4.0{\pm}0.35$ mg/g. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of OJE were 72.2%, and 66.1%, respectively, at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The FRAP and reducing power of OJE were 0.79, and 0.41 absorbance units value respectively, at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. OJE possessed significant antioxidant properties, which suggests its great potential as a functional ingredient for food applications.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.213-222
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• 2010

In this study, chemical compositions - holocellulose, lignin and monomeric sugars - were characterized with two poplar wood cell walls, one of which was grown at normal condition (CPW) and the other was genetically modified by antisence suppression of CCoAOMT gene expression (ACPW). Milled wood lignins were isolated from CPW and ACPW and subjected to methoxyl group, DFRC, Py-GC/MS, GPC, $^{13}C$-NMR analysis, respectively. There were few differences in holocellulose contents in both cell walls, which were determined to 81.6% in CPW and to 82.3% in ACPW. However, lignin contents in ACPW was clearly decreased by the suppression of CCoAOMT gene expression. In CPW 21.7% of lignin contents was determined, while lignin contents in ACPW was lowered to 18.3%. The relative poor solubility of ACPW in alkali solution could be attributed to the reduction of lignin content. The glucose contents of CPW and ACPW were measured to 511.0 mg/g and 584.8 mg/g and xylose contents 217.8 mg/g and 187.5 mg/g, respectively, indicating that suppression of CCoAOMT gene expression could be also influenced to the formation of monomeric sugar compositions. In depth investigation for milled wood lignin (MWL) isolated from both samples revealed that the methoxyl contents at ACPW was decreased by 7% in comparison to that of CPW, which were indirectly evidenced by $^{13}C$-NMR spectra and Py-GC/MS. According to the data from Py-GC/MS S/G ratios of lignin in CPW and ACPW were determined to 0.59 and 0.44, respectively. As conclusive remark, the biosynthesis of syringyl unit could be further influenced by antisense suppression of CCoAOMT during phenylpropanoid pathway in the plant cell wall rather than that of guaiacyl unit.