• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1411-1419
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• 2016

Nonparametric procedures in randomized block design was proposed by Friedman (1937) as a general alternative. This method is used to find out the difference in treatment effect. It can cause a loss of inter block information using the ranking in each block. This paper proposed nonparametric procedures using an aligned method proposed by Hodges and Lehmann (1962) to reduce block information based on joint placement suggest by Jo and Kim (2013) in a randomized block design. We also compared the power of the test of the proposed procedures and established method through a Monte Carlo simulation.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.291-299
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• 2017

Mack and Skillings (1980) proposed nonparametric procedures in a randomized block design with replications as general alternatives. This method is used to find the difference in the treatment effect; however, it can cause a loss of inter block information using the ranking in each block. In this paper, we proposed new nonparametric procedures in a randomized block design with replications using an aligned method proposed by Hodges and Lehmann (1962) that used information of blocks and based on the joint placement suggest by Chung and Kim (2008). We also compared the power of the test of the proposed procedures and established a method through Monte Carlo simulation.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.281-290
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• 2017

Mack and Skillings (1980) proposed a nonparametric method in a randomized block design with replications. This method employs the mean of observations instead of each observation. However, it has the inherent disadvantage that there may be a loss of information. In this paper, we proposed a nonparametric method that employees an aligned method and linear placement statistics to supplement its weakness. A Monte-Carlo study is performed to compare the power of the proposed method with previous methods.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.95-103
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• 2013

Nonparametric procedure in randomized block design (RBD) was proposed by Friedman (1937) for general alternatives. Also Page (1963) suggested the test for ordered alternatives in RBD. In this paper, we proposed the new nonparametric method in randomized block design using aligned method suggested by Hodges and Lehmann (1962) and the joint placement described in Chung and Kim (2007). Also, Monte Carlo simulation study was adapted to compare the power of the proposed procedure with those of previous procedure.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.707-717
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• 2016

Nonparametric procedures in a randomized block design was proposed by Friedman (1937) as a general alternative as well as suggested as a test for ordered alternatives by Page (1963). These methods are used for the rank of treatments in each block. In this paper, we proposed nonparametric procedures using aligned method proposed by Hodges and Lehmann (1962) to reduce among block information and based on placement suggested by Kim (1999) in a randomized block design. We also perform a Monte Carlo study to compare the empirical powers of the proposed procedures and established method.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.607-618
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• 2002

Crossover design is often used in clinical trials about chronic diseases like hypertension, asthma and arthritis. In this paper, we suggest nonparametric approaches of Friedman-type rank test based on Bernard-van Elteren test and of aligned method keeping the information of blocks based on the AB/BA/AA/BB crossover design. The simulation results are presented to compare experimental error and power of several methods.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2015

This article reviews the topic of how to identify and develop a removable partial denture (RPD) path of placement, and provides a literature review of the concept of the RPD path of placement, also known as the path of insertion. An optimal RPD path of placement, guided by mutually parallel guide planes, ensures that the RPD flanges fit intimately over edentulous ridge structures and that the framework fits intimately with guide plane surfaces, which prevents food collecting empty spaces between the intaglio surface of the framework and intraoral surfaces, and ensures that RPD clasps engage adequate numbers of tooth undercuts to ensure RPD retention. The article covers topics such as the causes of obstructions to RPD intra-oral seating, the causes of food collecting empty spaces that may exist around an RPD, and how to identify if a guide plane is parallel with the projected RPD path of placement. The article presents a method of using a surgical operating microscope, or high magnification (6-8x or greater) binocular surgical loupes telescopes, combined with co-axial illumination, to identify a preliminary path of placement for an arch. This preliminary path of placement concept may help to guide a dentist or a dental laboratory technician when surveying a master cast of the arch to develop an RPD path of placement, or in verifying that intra-oral contouring has aligned teeth surfaces optimally with the RPD path of placement. In dentistry, a well-fitting RPD reduces long-term periodontal or structural damage to abutment teeth.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1399-1409
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• 2016

Nonparametric methods in randomized block design were suggested by Friedman (1937) for general alternatives and were also proposed by Page (1963) for ordered alternatives in one-way layout; in addition, K-sample rank tests for umbrella alternatives were suggested by Mack and Wolfe (1981). In this paper, we proposed a nonparametric method of umbrella alternatives for randomized block design using the aligned method proposed by Hodges and Lehmann (1962) to use block information and using placement suggested by Kim (1999). Monte Carlo simulation was also adapted to compare the power of the proposed procedure with previous methods.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2005

Statement of problem. The implant prosthesis has been utilized in various clinical cases thanks to its increase in scientific effective application. The relevant implant therapy should have the high success rate in osseointegration, and the implant prosthesis should last for a long period of time without failure. Resorption of the peri-implant alveolar bone is the most frequent and serious problem in implant prosthesis. Excessive concentration of stress from the occlusal force and biopressure around the implant has been known to be the main cause of the bone destruction. Therefore, to decide the location and angulation of the implant is one of the major considering factors for the stress around the implant fixture to be dispersed in the limit of bio-capacity of load support for the successful and long-lasting clinical result. Yet, the detailed mechanism of this phenomenon is not well understood. To some extent, this is related to the paucity of basic science research. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to perform the stress analysis of the implant prosthesis in the partially edentulous mandible according to the different nature locations and angulations using three dimensional finite element method. Material and methods, Three 3.75mm standard implants were placed in the area of first and second bicuspids, and first molar in the mandible Thereafter, implant prostheses were fabricated using UCLA abutments. Five experimental groups were designed as follows : 1) straight placement of three implants, 2) 5$^{\circ}$ buccal and lingual angulation of straightly aligned three implants, 3) 10$^{\circ}$ buccal and lingual angulation of straightly aligned three implants. 4) lingual offset placement of three implants, and 5) buccal offset placement of three implants. Average occlusal force with a variation of perpendicular and 30$^{\circ}$ angulation was applied on the buccal cusp of each implant prosthesis, followed by the measurement of alteration and amount of stress on each configurational implant part and peri-implant bio-structures. The results of this study are extracted from the comparison between the distribution of Von mises stress and the maximum Von mises stress using three dimensional finite element stress analysis for each experimental group. Conclusion. The conclusions were as follows : 1. Providing angulations of the fixture did not help in stress dispersion in the restoration of partially edentulous mandible. 2. It is beneficial to place the fixture in a straight vertical direction, since bio-pressure in the peri-implant bone increases when the fixture is implanted in an angle. 3. It is important to select an appropriate prosthodontic material that prevents fractures, since the bio-pressure is concentrated on the prosthodontic structures when the fixture is implanted in an angle. 4. Offset placement of the fixtures is effective in stress dispersion in the restoration of partially edentulous mandible.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-94
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• 2006

This study analyzes the integrated system of the hotel employment management and the differences between the persons of employment concerning and the applicants about the importance of the determinants of the employment around the five-star hotels in Seoul. Firstly, the integrated strategies are presented by 3 stages such as recruiting, selection and placement. And then the 15 determinants of the employment are derived to analyze the perceptional differences between the persons of employment concerning and the applicants about the important determinants and to present the reasons and strategical implications. The results of this study indicates that the strategy to make him/her aware of sufficient information about the hotel and job through the proper balancing demand and supply and the industry-university cooperation program order to maintain and utilize the human resource to be aligned with the business performance of the hotel.