• 생태와환경
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.268-286
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• 2018

조절하천의 낙동강에서 겪고 있는 부영양화와 조류 대발생(유해남조의 녹조현상 및 담수적조)은 국내외적으로 가장 급속하게 확대되고 있는 수질문제이며, 다양한 집단에서 지대한 관심을 가지게 한 분야 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 2013년 1월부터 2017년 7월까지 낙동강의 8개 보 pools에서 주요 수질 환경요인을 주 간격으로 조사하였고, 우점조류와 상호 관련성을 비교 분석하였다. 연강수량은 2016년(보 평균 940.7 mm)에 많았고, 2015년(672.8 mm)에 적었다. 장마 폭염기 (6~9월) 강우는 총강수량의 48.1%이었고, 상 하류간에 차이가 컸다. 총방류량 중 소수력발전, 월류 및 어도가 차지하는 비율은 각각 37.4%, 60.1%, 2.5%로서 홍수기를 제외하고 발전방류에 의한 비중이 매우 컸다. 방류량은 대부분 유입량에 비례하였으나, 취수량이 집중되는 보에서 다른 양상도 관찰되었다. 이것은 수위강하, 물 교환율과 연관되었고, 유해남조와 담수적조의 대발생에 심각한 영향을 초래하였다. 수온과 DO 농도의 변화는 기상 수문학적 영향이 지배적이었는데, 온도변화 뿐만 아니라 강우의 특성에 따라 변화 양상이 포착되었다. Chl-a의 평균 농도 (최대값)는 SAJ~GAJ와 DAS~HAA구간에서 각각 $17.6mg\;m^{-3}$ ($98.2mg\;m^{-3}$), $29.6mg\;m^{-3}$ ($193.6mg\;m^{-3}$)이었고, 하수의 영향이 절대적인 하류부에서 증가하는 경향이 현저하였다. 우점조류의 분류군 조성은 총 48속으로 규조 14속, 남조 8속, 녹조 18속 및 편모조 8속으로 각각 구성되었다. 유해 녹조현상과 담수적조의 주요 원인조류는 각각 남조 Microcystis와 규조 Stephanodiscus 개체군이었다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.212-223
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• 2002

Cochlodinium polykrikoides bloom in 1995 was studied with a focus on an unusual coastal environment in the South Sea of Korea. Data on temperature, salinity, and zooplankton biomass during 1965-1998 and nutrients during 1990-1998 and chlorophyll-a during 1995-1998 were used in this study. These data were obtained from the serial oceanographic observations in Korean waters carried out by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute. In 1995 the C. polykrikoides bloom began in the coastal area around Narodo Island in August and consequently occurred to the whole coastal area of the South and East Seas of Korea. During June-October 1995, the coastal environment was unusual compared with the long-term means during 1965-1998. In June 1995, sea surface temperature was 1-2$^{\circ}C$ warmer than in other years in all coastal areas, while salinity was high only to the east of Jeju Island. In August 1995, a strong coastal front appeared inshore of a line between Jeju and Tsushima Islands. In particular, a strong coastal front which showed the characteristics of upwelling front occurred in the coastal area around Narodo and Sorido Islands, not only because of a strong intrusion of the Tsushima Warm Current but also because of the upwelling of cold bottom water. Salinity was low in the neighboring waters of western side of Jeju Island. Nutrients and chlorophyll-a were high in the inshore area between Narodo and Sorido Islands in 1995 in contrast with the other years and areas. Zooplankton showed an unusually high abundance in the coastal area in October 1995. We conclude that the Tsushima Warm Current strongly influenced the South Sea of Korea in 1995 and created strong upwelling front bordering cold upwelled water in the coastal area around Narodo and Sorido Islands. It leads us that these physical structures introduce the favorable environment for the development of C. polykrikoides blooms. We suggest that C. polykrikoides has a bio-physical tolerance of high shear and stress and prefers frontal and upwelling relaxed areas as its habitat. We also find that nutrients were not supplied to the coastal area from the offshore where a low salinity water mass with high nutrients appeared around Jeju Island. Because the strong upwelling front protect the reach of offshore low saline water mass. The main source of nutrients was the upwelled water mass in the coastal area of Wando-Narodo-Sorido.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 1997

시화 방조제 건설 후 급속도로 오염되고 있는 시화호 내의 식물플랑크톤 대증식 현상을 파악하기 위하여 1995년 10월부터 1996년 8월까지 시화호 내외에서 환경요인들과 식물플랑크톤 chlorophyll-a, 현존량, 우점종, 일차생산력 등을 4계절 조사하였다. 시화호는 부영양화된 기수호의 성격을 띄고 있으며 저층에는 밀도가 높은 잔류해수가 남아있다. 시화호의 표층에서 육상으로부터 유입된 오염된 하천수의 영향으로 chlorophyll-a 농도가 평균 168.0 ${\mu}g\;l^{-1}$에 이르는 식물플랑크톤 대증식 현상이 연중 지속적으로 일어났다. 식물플랑크톤의 대증식은 추계와 동계에는 돌말류 Cyclotella atomus 에 의해 주로 일어났고, 춘계와 하계에는 와편모류 Prorocentrum minimum 등과 황갈조류 등에 의해 일어났다. 시화호 바깥해역에서도 시화호수의 방류로 통계에서 하계에 걸쳐 돌말류 Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, Skeletonema costatum, Chaetoceros sp. 등에 의해 대증식이 계속 일어났다. 시화호의 식물플랑크톤에 의한 일차생산력은 연평균 3,972 mgC $m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$로 높게 일어났다. 그러나 일차생산력의 대부분은 표층에서의 높은 광흡수로 수심 3 m 내로 국한되고, 추계와 동계에는 규산염이 제한요인으로 작용하여 더 이상 높게 나타나지 못하였다. 저층에서는 광제한 등으로 광합성 작용이 거의 없었고, 표층에서 떨어진 유기물이 분해되어 산소가 고갈되는 양상을 보였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2008

Algal blooms in a local eutrophic lake often produces the musty and earthy taste & odor problems. Since the odor causing compounds(OCCs) including geosmin and 2-MIB have their own volatility, the OCCs can be removed from water by air stripping methods. Removal of TON(threshold odor number) as an index for OCCs could be fitted well with the first order equations($R^2=0.9$ above), where the air stripping coefficient of TON, k was in the range between 0.0055 and 0.0097 according to the aeration time. k within 30min aeration tests was 0.0097, while it was 0.0055 where the aeration time extended to 150min. With 15 mg/L of PAC, removal of TON was not simulated with 1st order equation within 30min aeration. Within 30min aeration, OCCs rather than geosmin and/or 2-MIB could be removed easily by air stripping or PAC adsorption, while OCCs such as geosmin and/or 2-MIB could be removed slowly by air stripping after 30min aeration. Geosmin and 2-MIB were not readily removed by air stripping(k of them were 0.0018~0.0047 and 0.0018~0.0034, respectively at different air flow rates). Geosmin could be removed by air stripping a little better than 2-MIB.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2004

Cyanobacteria are the dominant phototrophic bacteria in water environments. Here, the diversity of cyanobacteria in seven Korean reservoir waters where different levels of algal blooms were observed during the summer of 2002, was examined by T-RFLP analysis. The number of T-RF bands in the HaIII T-RFLP profiles analyzed from those water samples ranged from 20 to 44. Of these, cyanobacteria accounted for 6.1 to 27.2％ of the total bacteria. The water samples could be clustered into 2 groups according to the Dice coefficient of the T -RF profiles. The eutrophic Dunpo and oligotrophic Chungju reservoirs were selected, and several representative clones from both reservoir waters analyzed for the nucleotide sequences of their 16S rDNA. The major clones were found to belong to the Microcystis and Anabaena species in the waters from the Dunpo and Chungju reservoirs, respectively, which was in agreement with the T-RFLP result. That is, the Microcystis and Anabaena species were dominant in the eutrophic and polluted Dunpo and oligotrophic Chungju reservoir waters, respectively. These results indicated that there is a correlation between prevalence of cyanobacterial species and levels of pollution in reservoir waters.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.468-474
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• 1990

휴안포자를 형성하는 과편모조류중 우리나라 남해동부와 동해남부의 연안수역 특히 진해만에서 1982년 이래 3월부터 9월에 걸쳐 적조를 일으킨 종은 8종이었으며 이들은 6종의 과편모조류와 2종의 녹색편모조류로 구성되었다. 계절별로는 이른 봄철에 Scrippsiella trochoidea와 Heterocapsa triquetra종이, 늦봄에 Heterosigma akashiwo가 그리고 여름철에는 Gyrodinium instriatum과 Pheopolykrikos hartmannii가 적조를 일으켰다. 한편 Cochlodinium sp.와 Alexandrium affine는 늦여름부터 가을철에 적조를 일으켰다. 이중 Heterosigma akashiwo는 매년 같은 곳에서 같은 시기에 발생하는 경향을 뚜렷히 나타냈으며 Cochlodinium sp.에서도 이와 같은 특성을 발견할 수 있었다. 한편 적조발생시의 밀도는 $10^3\~10^5\;cells/ml$ 수준이었으며, 밀도변화는 환경특성 보다는 오히려 세포의 크기에 따라 변화하고 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate characteristics of total phosphorus (TP) and phosphate phosphorous ($PO_4$-P) concentrations in ponded water and redox potential (Eh) in paddy soil during the growing season. The TP and $PO_4$-P concentrations showed twice peak values after basal dressing and tillering fertilization. The ratio of $PO_4$-P to TP showed low values (0.07~0.18), indicating that most of phosphorus is particlulate. The $PO_4$-P concentrations significantly decreased with dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. The Eh showed high values (179~636 mV) under non-ponded aerobic condition, but low values (74~112 mV) under ponded anaerobic condition The TP and $PO_4$-P concentrations in ponded water increased shortly after tillering fertilization even if phosphorus was not applied. This may be due to the release of dissolved phosphorus from the bottom sediment and its associated algal and water flea blooms under anaerobic condition. Therefore, proper water management should be needed shortly after tillering fertilization.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1208-1213
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• 2012

Microcystis aeruginosa is a cyanobacterium that can form harmful algal blooms (HABs) producing toxic secondary metabolites. We provide here draft genome information of four strains of this freshwater cyanobacterium that was obtained by the Next Generation Sequencing approach to provide a better understanding of molecular mechanisms at the physiological and ecological levels. After gene assembly, genes of each strain were identified and annotated, and a genome database and G-browser of M. aeruginosa were subsequently constructed. Such genome information resources will enable us to obtain useful information for molecular ecological studies with a better understanding of modulating mechanisms of environmental factors associated with blooming.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권11B호
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• pp.1339-1345
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• 2011

적조란 유해조류 대 번식으로 바다물의 색깔이 변하는 자연현상이다. 적조의 피해가 증가함에 따라서 적조에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 자동으로 적조류를 분류하는 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 적조류는 영상 객체를 일치 할 수 있는 기준 중심 특정이 없기 때문에 인식이 어렵다. 이 때문에 기존이 연구들은 단순히 몇 종류의 적조류 만을 분류에 이용하고 있다. 본 논문은 주성분분석과 영상 객체의 원형율을 이용한 새로운 적조류 인식 방법을 제안한다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.360-363
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• 2006

The red tide related with Cochlodinium Polykrikoides bloom has been frequently occurred around the South Sea of Korea and caused the economic loss in the coastal breeding grounds. The outbreak scale was usually change by physical, biological and environmental condition at each years. Relatively large-scale red tide occurred in 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2002 and 2003 through spatial scale, duration and maximum density. Compared the scale of red tide with physical condition around the South Sea, the lower coastal temperature on August around the South Sea corresponded with the large scale red tide. By serial oceanographic investigations on August in the South Sea and estimated wide area temperature information by satellite, SSTA around the South Sea and wide area was negative when the outbreak of red tide was large scale. From the results of temperature difference between surface and 30m layers, the occurrence of enormous red tide has a tendency when the temperature gradient around the seasonal thermocline was weakened. Larger Kuroshio volume transport in the upstream was also corresponded with the large scale red tide.