• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of job-related characteristics on alcohol consumption among female workers. The Data was collected from a sample of 1,000 female workers by a stratified proportional quota sampling method derived from those who were working in Seoul. Drinking behavior pattern includes total amount of pure alcohol consumed during the last month (AC) measured by graduated quantity-frequency. Job-related characteristics (JRC) were measured by job-related stress, work characteristics, and organizational structure including length of working hours, number of times dining out together with workers per year, number of staff to supervise, employment status, occupational category, and proportion of female workers to male counterpart. Confounding variables include sociodemogrphic and socio-cultural attitudes toward alcohol expectancy, subjective norm of drinking, and gender-role attitude. Hierarchical multiple regression models show that the variability of AC was accounted for by some JRC including number of times dining together and employment status, with confounding variables held constant. However, the relationship between AC and JRC varied across occupational categories. Some implications were discussed in terms of health policy for female workers and further study for female drinking behavior.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.367-374
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was identify the factor affecting alcohol use disorder in Korean women. This study used the data from the 6^th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey and analyzed the demographic characteristics, health related factors and alcohol use disorder. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS 25.0 program. As a result, the prevalence of alcohol use disorder in Korean women was 14.7%. There were significant differences depending on age, marital status, educations level, occupation, smoking, stress, melancholy. By logistic regression, the risk factors of alcohol use disorder were age, marital status, occupation, smoking, melancholy. According to the results of this study, further research on the alcohol use disorder of single-working women should be conducted in considering of various variable.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of smoking and/or alcohol drinking on the nutrient intake, nutritional status, and eating habits of adult males. The subjects were 157 male adults aged 20-49 living in Daejon. Interviews with questionaire on smoking and alcohol drinking habits and eating habits, anthropometric measurement, biochemical blood test, and dietary assessment by one-day 24 hour recall and two-day diet record were carried out. The subjects were divided into four groups : control (non-smoking and non-drinking), drinking only, smoking only, and the both(drinking and smoking). The average numbers of smoked cigarettes were 17.8/d and 19.1/d in the smoking only group and the both group, respectively. The frequency of alcohol drinking was 8.3 times/month and 11.6 times/month in the drinking only group and the both group, respectively. Height was significantly higher(P 0.05) in the drinking only group than in the none and smoking only groups, while the other anthropometric indices were not different among the four groups. There were positive correlations between smoking and drinking or coffee intake. Alcohol drinking increased eating-out frequency and the intakes of energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A, B$_1$,$ B_6,$ Fe and P, while smoking decreased snack frequency and intakes of energy, protein and vitamin $ B_6,$. Blood pressure was not changed in the smoking only and drinking only groups compared to the none group, while systolic blood pressure was elevated in both group(P 0.05). Alcohol drinking significantly elevated(P 0.05) serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholestrol level, while smoking did not change the serum lipid and cholesterol levels. Hemoglobin nd MCHC levels were significantly elevated(P 0.05) by smoking. From these data, it is suggested that both smoking and drinking have influence on some eating habits and nutrient intakes, and especially alcohol drinking can induce hypercholesterolemia.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.787-795
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of the study is to investigate the possible influences of health behaviors and oral symptoms on subjective oral health status and to provide basic data for the development of oral health education programs. Methods : Subjects were 274 nursing home workers in Jeollabukdo, Korea. A self- reported survey was carried out. Results : Eighty four persons (30.7%) subjectively perceived their subjective oral health was good in the meanwhile forty nine persons (17.9%) reported poor oral health status. Health behaviors had much influence on their subjective oral health status. Good subjective oral health status coincided with quitting od smoking and drinking alcohol. Periodontal diseases and dental caries, and tooache had bad influences on subjective oral health status. Conclusions : Quitting program for smoking and drinking alcohol will make the nursing home workers in good healthy oral health status.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.397-409
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of drug use & the health-related habits(alcohol drinking, smoking and exercise) on the nutritional status of elderly. subjects were 362 free-living elderly aged over 65(male 131, female 231) in Chungbuk area. Interviews with questionaire on drug use, health-related habits, and nutrient intakes, anthropometric measurement and biochemical blood test were carried out from August to October in 1996. Energy intakes of the males who used drug were lower than those of males who did not use any drug, while energy intakes of the females who used drug were higher than those of females who did not. In biochemical indices, LDL-cholesterol level of the males who used drug was higher than that of males who did not have drug. serum triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol and obesity degree(BMI & TS) of the females who used drug were higher than those of females who did not have drug. Alcohol drinking, smoking and exercise habits of the elderly who used drug had little effects on the nutrient intakes while those habits had considerable effects on biochemical indices and obesity degree. Among drug users, male drinkers showed higher triglycerides & HDL-cholesterol level, and female drinkers showed higher triglycerides and lower total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level, compared to non drinkers. Among female drug users, smokers showed lower body mass index(BMI) compared to non smokers. Males and females who had both drinking and smoking habits showed higher serum triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol level. Especially females who had both drinking and smoking habits showed lower BMI & Tricep skinfold thickness compared to those who had netiher drinking nor smoking habits.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1227-1239
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify alcohol status and related factors of drinking problems among Residents at Permanent Rental Apartments in Incheon. Data was collected from 20 August 2012 to 28 September 2012, and the 663 subjects were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression. As a result of survey, alcohol consumption was low, but prevalence of alcohol was high. From the logistic regression analysis, age(less than 40), unmarried, drinking reason for habituation, insomnia, anxiety, unemployed and interpersonal relationships were associated with in drinking problems of the residents of permanent rental apartments. Considering of these variables, the future research is necessary to provide an individual approach based on problem drinking level as well as to provide a proactive approach and policy development for of permanent rental apartment residents.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.13-25
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• 2012

There is growing evidence that substance use such as tobacco or alcohol consumption influences health disparity among adolescents. Previous research papers have shown an inconsistency in the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and substance use in adolescents. However, little is known about socio-economic differences in unhealthy behaviors among Korean adolescents. The purpose of the present study is to explore associations between SES and substance use in Korean adolescents. The analysis was performed using data from the 2009 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (YRBS), which included a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students. Drinking/heavy drinking and smoking/daily smoking behavior indices were used for dependent variables, and perceived economic status, family affluence score, parents' education were used for independent variables. Chi-square test were used to compare tobacco and alcohol consumption among 3 SES groups. Logistic regression models were used to identify statistically significant socio-economic factors after adjusting other covariates. Higher perceived economic status and higher family affluence were associated with higher rates of smoking, daily smoking, drinking, and heavy drinking, while lower level of parents' education was related to higher use of tobacco and alcohol. Socio-economic status significantly influences health behaviors in adolescents, and it may consequently affect health disparity in their adulthood. Therefore, there is a need of continuous monitoring and follow-up research of health disparity among adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.805-817
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the preference and consumption status of non-alcohol and alcohol beverages of Korean and Chinese university students in the Jeonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 241 Korean and 198 Chinese students. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS v. 12.0. 'Water' was the most commonly consumed non-alcohol beverages by all Korean and Chinese students. The intake frequency of 'carbonated drink' (p<.001), 'fruits/vegetable juice' (p<.05), and 'vinegar drink' (p<.01) of Chinese male students was significantly higher than the Korean male students. The intake frequency of 'ionic drink' (p<.001; p<.01) of Korean male and female students was significantly higher than the Chinese male and female students. The intake frequency of 'fruits/vegetable juice' (p<.001), 'milk' (p<.01), and 'soymilk' (p<.05) of Chinese female students was higher than the Korean female students. For the choosing the non-alcohol beverages, the Chinese female students were more health-oriented than the Korean female students (p<.01). 'Beer' was the most commonly consumed alcohol beverages by the Korean male and female and Chinese male students whereas 'Wine' was the most commonly consumed alcohol beverages by the Chinese female students. The intake frequency of 'Soju' of Korean male (p<.001) and female (p<.001) students was higher than the Chinese male and female students. The intake frequency of 'Wine' of Chinese male (p<.05) and female (p<.001) students higher than the Korean male and female students. Compared with the Chinese female students, the Korean female students more funds have to spend, in order to buy alcohol beverages (p<.01). More 81% of the Korean male and 80% of the female students reported drinking alcohol in 'beer house' whereas 78% of the Chinese male and 65% of female students drunken the alcohol in the 'beer house' or at 'home' (p<.01; p<.001). In conclusion, a practically and foreigner-friendly alcohol policies of university should be devised to reduce the alcohol consumption of students and related problems.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 2005

Objectives: To analyze the relationships of socioeconomic status(SES) to health status and health behaviors in the elderly. Methods: Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaire of 4,587 persons, older than 65 years, living in a community. We measured the sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health status (subjective health status, acute disease, admission experience, dental state, chronic disease etc.), activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and mini-mental state examination-Korean (MMSEK). Binary and multinominal logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze factors affecting on the socioeconomic status of the elderly. Results: With regard to the SES and health status, those with a low SES had poorer subjective health states and lower satisfaction about their physical health. Also, acute disease experiences, admission rates and tooth deciduation rates were higher in those of low SES. In the view of physical and cognitive functions, the ADL, IADL and MMSE-K scores were also lower in those of low SES. However, with regard to health behaviors, lower smoking and alcohol drinking rates were found in the low SES group, and a similar trend was shown with regular physical exercise, eating breakfast, and regular physical health check-up. From these findings, we surmise that those with low SES have a poorer health condition and less money to spend on health, therefore, they can not smoke or drink alcohol, exercise and or have a physical health check-up. Conclusion: This study suggests that socioeconomic status plays an important role in health behaviors and status of the elderly. Low socioeconomic status bring about unhealthy behavior and poor health status in the elderly. Therefore, more specific target oriented(esp. low SES persons) health promotion activities for the elderly are very important to improve not only their health status, but their health inequity also.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

Objectives : We examined the association between alcohol consumption and incidence of colorectal cancer in elderly Koreans. Methods : The cohort members (n=14,304) consisted of 4,834 males and 9,470 females derived from the Korea Elderly Pharmacoepidemiologic Cohort (KEPEC), a population-based dynamic cohort. They were aged 65 years old or older and lived in Busan between 1993-1998; they were beneficiaries of the Korean Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC). Baseline information was surveyed by a self-administered, mailed questionnaire. This study population was restricted to 14,304 participants who reported alcohol drinking habits on the questionnaire and had not been diagnosed with colorectal cancer at baseline. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of status, type, frequency and daily average amount of alcohol consumption were computed with Cox's proportional hazard model, with the never-drinkers as a reference group and controlling for age and gender. Results : After 4.82 person-years of mean follow-up 112 cases of colorectal cancer occurred. The incidence densities of colorectal cancer were 161 (95% CI=123-200) for never-drinkers, 219 (95% CI=125-339) for ex-drinkers, and 137 (95% CI=84-189) for current-drinkers per 100,000 person-year. The status, type, frequency, and daily average amount of alcohol consumption were not significantly related to the incidence of colorectal cancer after controlling for age and gender. Conclusions : There was no significant association between alcohol consumption and colorectal cancer among elderly people after controlling for age and gender.