• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.480-485
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• 2004

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) technology was evaluated as a monitoring tool for quantification of Nocardia amarae causing a nuisance foaming problem in activated sludge process. The identified signature peak was 19:1 alcohol as a reliable unique peak to N. amarae. Chemostat study revealed that the distribution and quantity of fatty acid peaks were dependent on the growth stage of Nocardia. The FAME results were similar for two relatively high dilution rates; however, the amounts of signature peaks extracted from the 4 and 6 day cultures were significantly higher. This dependence of signature peaks on the physiological state of the organism may be a useful information to assess the health of microbial populations in activated sludge. A laboratory scale batch foaming potential experiment provided a critical foaming level depending on Nocardia population. This critical Nocardia level determined in this study was in terms of either the threshold filament intersections number or the threshold signature FAME amount. The threshold peak area of signature FAME (19:1 alcohol) and corresponding filament counts were 430PA/mg VSS and $1.45{\times}10^6$ intersections/g VSS, respectively. The threshold signature FAME level could be effectively applied as a criterion for diagnosing foam occurrence in activated sludge system.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.245-250
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• 1996

This research was performed to find out the changes of serotonin receptors in the platelet of alcoholics. Using $_{125}I-LSD$ as a radioligand. We obtained the following results. 1) In the comparison of patients vs controls, $B_{max}$ of the former was significantly higher than that of the latter(P=0.0017). But there was no significant difference in the Kd between the two groups. 2) In the comparison of type 1 vs type 2, alcoholics by cloninger's classification $B_{max}$ of the latter was significantly higher than that of the farmer(P=0.0396). But there was no significant difference in the Kd between the two groups. 3) In the comparison of alcohol abuse vs alcohol dependence, there were no significant differences in the value of $B_{max}$ and Kd between the two groups. These results support the hypothesis of serotonin-deficit in alcoholism. Furthermore, it can be inferred that the increase of platelet serotonin receptors in alcoholics might be used as a trait marker.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.246-250
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• 2004

We have classified a number of aqueous ternary systems containing two different polymers into three types by focusing on the deviation of the Huggins constant k'from the additivity line. Systems of type I have negative deviations of k'; the repulsive interaction between the two different polymers dominates. In systems of type II, k' almost follows the additivity relation; the repulsive and attractive interactions between the two different polymers are balancing. Type III systems have positive deviations of k'; the attractive interactions are relatively dominant. This classification of systems is supported by the fact that the positive and negative deviations of k' from the additivity line also correspond to the sign of interaction parameter between polymer 2 and 3, Δb$\_$23/. Furthermore, we have verified the relatively high compatibility between dextran and poly(vinyl alcohol) by determining the binodal concentration of a liquid-liquid phase separation for a water/dextran/poly(vinyl alcohol) system, which is classified as type III. Thus, we found that the compositional dependence of k' closely relates to the compatibility of binary polymer mixtures in aqueous ternary systems.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.260-266
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• 2011

Objectives The second to fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D) is known to reflect testosterone level during intrauterine period. Testosterone is essential for masculinization of brain. Cloninger's type II alcoholism is characterized by early age at onset and largely limited to males. Compared with type I alcoholism, type II alcoholism is thought to be masculine. There is a possibility that the digit ratio of type II alcoholism is low compared with type I. We examined digit length ratio in Cloninger's type I and II alcoholism to understand the effects of intrauterine testosterone on the development of alcoholism. Methods The participants were 87 alcohol dependent patients. We divided two subtypes of patients by Irwin's symptom list, based on Cloninger's concept. We captured the images of both palms by the scanner and measured the lengths of digits by the graphic program. Then we analyzed the digit ratios by independent-sample t-test. Results The mean 2D : 4D of type I was 0.942 (right), 0.952 (left). The mean 2D : 4D of type II was 0.927 (right), 0.940 (left). In both hands, 2D : 4D of type II was significantly lower than type I. Conclusions Type II alcoholism showed masculine type of digit length ratio compared with type I. It suggests the exposure of testosterone during intrauterine period might play an important role in determining the course and feature of alcoholism.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2006

Poly[1-(cholesteryloxycarbonyloxy)ethylene](PCOE) and poly[1-(cholesteryloxycarbonylheptanoyloxy)ethylene] (PCOSE) were prepared by reacting poly(vinyl alcohol) with cholesteryl chloroformate or 8-cholesteryloxycarbonylheptanoly] chloride (CH8C), and their thermal and optical properties were investigated. CH8C formed a monotropic cholesteric phase whereas PCOE and PCOSE exihibited enantiotropic cholesteric phases. Like in the case of CH8C, the optical pitch $(\lambda_m)$ of PCOSE decreased with increasing temperature. PCOE, contrast with PCOSE, did not display reflection colors, suggesting that the helical twisting power or the cholesteryl group highly depends on the length or the spacer joining the cholesteryl group to the main chain. The mesophase properties of PCOE and PCOSE were entirely different from those of poly $(cholesteryl-\omega-acryloyloxyalkanoates)$. The results indicate that the mode of chemical linkage of the side chain group with the main chain plays an important role in the formation, stabilization, and temperature dependence of $\lambda_m$ of the cholesteric mesophase.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.945-953
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• 1997

Aromatic polyetherimide membranes were prepared by dry/wet phase inversion method and investigated regarding the pervaporation characteristic of water-alcohol mixtures by using the permselective property of imide group and the structure modification of skin layer of the membrane. The membrane selectivity increased with the reaction time of surface-modification, to some extent, and the density of top layer tends to increases with increasing the reaction time. In the case of dense membrane, the separation factor was 160 and 2000 for 90wt% ethanol mixture and 90wt% isopropanol solution, respectively, which implies that aromatic polyetherimide has a high permselectivity. The temperature dependence of permeation flux seems to follow an Arrhenius type at the temperature range of ($40^{\circ}C-70^{\circ}C$).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.49-62
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• 2009

Objectives: Few studies have focused on health behaviors and health status among teachers even though these are one of principles and values of WHO's Health Promoting Schools. In this study, we described health behaviors and health status among teachers and explored the differences of these by personal and school characteristics. Methods: A stratified and random cluster sampling design was used to obtain a cross-sectional sample. A total of 59 elementary, middle and high schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas were included in which 333 teachers (males 40.6%, females 59.4%) participated in this survey. Chi-square tests were conducted with SPSS 17.1. Results: Overall, health behaviors and health status among teachers were better than the general public according to Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Male and middle/high school teachers had higher prevalence of alcohol dependence and of driving under the influence of alcohol. Also, their rate of wearing seat belts were lower compare to female. In other hand, female, health and nutrition teachers, rural school teachers had lower prevalence of meeting recommended levels of physical activity. Underweight were more prevalent to them in contrast to male with higher prevalence of obesity. In addition, teachers of health promoting schools were not likely to ride on a car with a drunk driver. They also have a lower prevalence of skipping breakfast and have higher positive perception of health for themselves. Conclusion: Teachers' health should be given higher concerns as a key component of school based health promotion. Gender and age specific programs should be considered to develop health promoting programs for them.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2006

In order to investigate the structure and dynamics of atatic poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/water system, laser light scattering experiment has been done in the semi-dilute concentration regime at $25^{\circ}C$. The scattering intensity I(q) can be analyzed with the fractal equation of $I(q){\sim}q^{-m}$ instead of Onstein-Zernike type equation. The fractal dimensionality m was found to be constant after reaching the plateau value of $m=2.6{\pm}0.3$ above C=3wt%. The time correlation function of dynamic light scattering has always two different modes such as fast mode and slow one. The cooperative diffusion of fast mode showed concentration independence contrary 4o the reptation theory's concentration dependent exponent of 3/4. The slow mode can be interpreted as the motion of large scale heterogeneities and its strong concentration dependence is apparent with a large negative exponent of -3.0. It is considered that the stereo-regular arrangement with four successive meso units of -OH plays as a key role in forming such heterogeneity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2003

Methamphetamine (MA) is a major drug of abuse in Korea. Currently preliminary evidence suggests that MA dependence may cause long-term neural damage in human. Repeated exposure to psychostimulants such as methamphetamine results in behavioral sensitization, a paradigm thought to be relevant to drug craving and addiction in human. Sensitization alters neural circuitry involved in normal processes of incentrive, motivation, and reward. However the precise mechanism of this behavioral sensitization has not yet been fully elucidated. Repeated use of high dose MA causes neurotoxicity which is characterized by a long-lasting depletion of striatal dopamine (DA) and tyrosin hydroxylase activity of DA, DA-transporter binding sites in the striatum. The loss of DA transporters correlates with memory problems and lack of motor coordination. DA fuels motivation and pleasure, but it' s also crucial for learning and movement. This selective review provides a summary of studies that assess the neurobiological mechanisms of MA.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.273-282
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• 1993

This study is concerned with the temperature dependence characteristics of ultrasound parameters in biological tissues, which are basic on the noninvasive deep body temperature estimation. Used parameters are ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity In order to accomplishment our purpose, several signal processing methods were used. Attenua4iorl coefficient was estimated by spectral difference method and sound velocity was estimated by P-P method. And we also examined these methods through a series of IN VITRO experi mentis that used tissue-mimicking phantom samples and biological tissue samples. In order to imitate the biological soft tissue two kinds of phantom samples are used, one is agar phantom sample which is composed of agar, graphite, N-propyl alcohol and distilled water, and the other is fat phantom sample which is composed of pure animal fat. And the ultrasound transmission mode and reflection mode experiments are performed on the pig's spleen, kidney and fat. As a result, it is found that the temperature characteristics are uniform in case of phan- tom samples but not in biological tissues because of complicate wave propagation within them. Consequently, the possibility of temperature measurement using ultrasound on biological tissue is confirmed and its results may contribute to the establishment of reference values of internal temperature measurement of biological tissues.