• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1984

It has been recently reported that cingulate cortex mar facilitate gastric acid secretion, but its facilitatory mechanism on the gastric acid secretion is still unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the facilitatory mechanism of the cingulate cortex upon gastric acid secretion in rats. Twenty·three male albino rats were divided into the cingulate(N= 13) and the operated control(N= 10) groups. The cingulate group in which cingulate cortex was removed by suction through a slit-shaped opening on each side of, and parallel to, the sagittal suture. In the operated control group, the surgical procedure was ended with the skull opening and the incision of dura mater. The gastric juice was collected via a chronic gastric cannula after 24 hours of fast, with water ad libitum. The juice was collected continuously for 6 hours, starting 3 hours prior to the injection of gastric secretagogue, pentagastrin$(12\;{\mu}g/kg)$ or histamine dihydrochloride $(320\;{\mu}g/kg)$. Three one·hour samples were obtained before ana after the administration of each secretagogue. The two agents were injected separately and subcutaneously at intervals of 1 week, the blood samples were drawn from the abdominal aorta for the radioimmunoassay of postprandial plasma gastrin concentration in response to the forced feeding of 10% cod liver oil. 1) After pentagastrin administration, the volume of gastric juice tended to decrease, but its acidity tended to increase in the cingulate group compared with those of the operated control group. However, there was no any difference in the acid output between the two groups. 2) Histamine-stimulated acid output and volume of the gastric juice of the cingulate group decreased significantly compared with those of the operated control group, while there was not significantly different in the acidity between the two groups. 3) Before pentagastrin or histamine administration, any change was not observed in the gastric acid secretion following the cingulate cortical ablation. 4) Postprandial plasma gastrin concentration in response to the forced feeding of 10% cod liver oil was insignificantly lower in the cingulate group than in the operated control group. It is inferred from the above results that the cingulate cortex exerts a facilitatory influence upon the histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats, and its influence may not be mediated by the stimulation of gastrin secretion.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.147-157
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• 1974

This study was undertaken to observe the effect of sesame in the diet of rats (Splague Dowley). Comparisons were made of weight gains, organ weights and the cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride content of the blood serum and liver tissue. Rats weighing 67-80 g were used for the study, while rats weighing 160-165 g were used in the study. In the both studies, the experimental animals were fed on sesame mixtures for 24 weeks. The study was conducted to determine the effect of sesame hulls which are known to contain a high proportion of oxalic acid and phytic acid, which are toxic substances causing various physical disorders. The rats were divided into four groups, a control group which was fed on a standard diet and three groups fed with 20%, 10% and 5% mixtures of sesame seed hulls respectively. The study was designed to observe the same effect, but in this case the rats were divided into two groups, one fed with a 5% mixture of whole sesame seeds and the other with a 5% mixture of dehulled seeds. The results are as follows: 1) An examination of weight gains showed that group I and II which were fed on 20% and 10% mixture of sesame hulls were significantly retarded in comparison with the control group(P<0. 05). 2) Comparisons of organ weights, group I (20% mixture) showed relatively lower weights(P<0.05). 3) The cholesterol content of the blood serum and liver tissue of group I (20% mixture) and group II (10% mixture) were significantly higher than that of the control. 4) The group fed on the whole sesame seed diet and that fed on the dehulled seed diet differed significantly from each other. 5) With the results stated above, the investigators could observe that a high content of sesame hulls in the diet caused retardation in growth and might be the cause of many physical disorders. Though these effects are not important in Korea at present, the increasing intake of sesame seeds and oils indicates that it may become an important problems.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
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• pp.113-118
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• 1984

한국산 인삼(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) 뿌리에서 추출한 사포닌 성분이 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 실험관 내 실험과 동물실험으로 관찰하였다. 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley, male, $18{\~}200g$)의 마이크로좀 분획을 NADPH, $Fe^{+3}$, ATP $\alpha^{-+}$-ocopherol 과 인삼 사포닌 분획 (대조군은 사포닌 분획대신 같은 부피의 물)을 함유한 혼합물에서 30분간 반응을 진행시키고 생성되는 molondialdehyde를 분석한 결과 사포닌 분획은 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항산화작용을 상승적으로 증가시켰다. 그리고 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항 산화작용에 상승적 효과는 반응액에서의 인삼 사포닌 분획의 농도가 $10^{-5}\%$ 전후에서 특히 현저하였다. 술로 과산화물을 유발케 한 쥐에게 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol만을 또는 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol과 인삼 사포닌 분획의 혼합물을 경구투여하고 일정 시간 후에 간의 과산화 지질을 thiobarbituric acid 방법으로 분석한 결과 사포닌 분획이 동물체내에서도 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항 산화작용을 크게 촉진시키는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 사포닌 분획은 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 흡수를 촉진시키는 것으로 보고되고 있으며 본 실험에서도 이것을 확인하였고 이와 같은 사포닌 분획의 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol흡수 촉진은 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항 산화작용을 더욱 효과적으로 촉진 시킬 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 1983

무기질(無機質) 상호간(相互間)에 미치는 영향을 검토(檢討)코저 $CdCl_2$ 용액(溶液)을 음료수(飮料水)(0, 5, 10, 20, 40ppm)로하여 백서(白鼠)에게 4주간(週間) 투여(投與)하였을 때 혈액(血液), 경골(硬骨) 및 치아(齒牙) 중의 무기성분함량(無機成分含量)을 측정(測定) 고찰(考察)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Cd급여수준(給與水準)이 높아짐에 따라 현저한 체중감소(體重減少)와 낮은 사료효율(飼料效率)을 나타내었다. 2. 단위체중(單位體重) 당 장기중량(臟器重量)은 간장(肝臟)이 증가(增加)했는 반면에 다른 장기(臟器)들은 아무런 영향을 받지 않는다. 3. 혈청(血淸) 중의 Cd함량(含量)은 40ppm군(群)에서 현저하게 높았으나, Fe, Cu, Zn 및 Mg함량(含量)은 감소(減少)하였다. 4. 경골(硬骨) 중의 Cd함량(含量)과 P함량(含量)은 40ppm군(群)에서 많아졌으나, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca함량(含量) 및 회분함량(灰分含量)은 Cd급여수준(給與水準)을 높일수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 5. 치아(齒牙) 중의 Cd함량(含量)은 혈액(血液)과 경골(硬骨)에서 보다 훨씬 많았으며, Fe, Cu, Zn 및 P함량(含量)은 Cd급여수준(給與水準)을 높일수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었고, Mg함량(含量)과 회분함량(灰分含量)은 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-34
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• 1979

Our nation is confronted with the situation that the rice, a principal food, short of some essential amino acids, leads to imbalanced meals insufficient in the nutrient of Protein, to bring many difficulties in the elevation of nutritional state in our nation. While. our country has been produced much amounts of Panax Ginseng roots which has a stimulating effects on the metabolism of protein, lipid and nucleic acids in the body. And the leaf and trunk of Panax Ginseng were also produced a considerable amounts as the by-products. Author believe that these by-products (leaf and trunk) of Panax Ginseng might have some components possessing simillar activity with Panax Ginseng root although the quantity and qualify of the functional components may more or less be different. Therefore, this study was demised to observe the supplemental effect of the Panax Ginseng-by-Products on the dietary protein efficiency and nutritional state of rats. The feeds used for this experiment were rice containing 30% barely, fish four, and the leaf, trunk and small root of the Panax Ginseng, and the contents of the general nutrients including protein, lipid and carbohydrate etc. in each feed were analyzed for the combination of each feed. And, being based on analytical values of Protein in food. fish Pour as Protein source was added were rice containing 30% barely to be include 8.6 to 8.7%, 12%, 15% and 18% of protein. Then 2% of the leaf, trunk or small reef of Panax Ginseng was supplemented into each of above protein diet group, ton 16 kinds of diets were Prepared. The male albino rats from a Pure strain, weighing 70g to 80g. were used for experimental animals. They were maintained with coresponding fist for f and 8 weeks, and the growth rate, consumption of diets and protein, efficiency of feed and Protein in animals were determined. The lipids, proteins and cholesterols in serum and liver were also determined quantitatively after they were sacrificed in coresponding term. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Body weigh of diet group containing 8.6 to 8.7%,12%, and 15% of protein are increased remarkably by supplement of 2% of the leaf or small root of Panax Ginseng in comparison with each of controls. But this tendency could not observed in diet group containing 18eA Proteins. 2. Feed efficiency showed same tendency in comparison with changes of gained body weight. Specially, in each of diets containing 8.7%, 12%, 15% and 18% of Proteins, supplement of the leaf of Panax Ginseng showed the better feed efficiency than supplement of the trunk or small root. 3. In feeding group for 8 weeks, protein efficiency showed worst efficiency in diet containing 18% proteins and showed the best efficiency was the diet group containing 12% Proteins. And the efficiency was improved according to supplement of the leaf of Panax Ginseng. 4. Nitrogen contents in serum and liver did not show large differences each other in all diet groups. But contexts of total cholesterol and 1ipid were decreased markedly in diet groups containing 12%, 15% and 18% of proteins in comparison with diet group containing 8.6% to 8.8% of proteins.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 1984

The exocrine pancreatic secretion is controlled mainly by gastrointestinal hormones as well as cholinergic nerves. The adrenergic influence on exocrine pancreas is thought not to he important and the evidences supporting this contention are still contradictory. In an effort to elucidate the adrenergic influence on the exocrine pancreas, we have determined the amylase release from pancreatic slices of rats treated with adrenergic drugs. The albino rats of either sex, weighing $60{\sim}80\;g$, were decapitated and the uncinate pancreata were isolated and incubated in screw top vials containing 2 ml krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer solution gassed with 95% $O_2$ and 5% $CO_2$. These vials were shaken continuously in a waterbath maintained at $37^{circ}C$, and enzyme release was stimulated with acetylcholine$(10^{-5}M)$. For chronic treatment methoxamine$(an\;{\alpha}-adrenergic\;agonist,\;5\;mg/kg)$, isoproterenol (a\;{\beta}-adrenergic\;agonist,\;10\;mg/kg) and reserpine (0.5 mg/kg) along with cholecystokinin octapeptide$(CCK-op,\;2{\mu}g/kg)$ were given i.p. in rats daily for 3, 5, 7, 9 or 12 days. For acute experiment these drugs were added directly to the incubation medium in a concentration of $10^{-5}M$ except CCK-OP $(10^{-9}M)$. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The addition of methoxamine, isoproterenol or reserpine to the incubation medium containing pancreatic slices augmented the release of amylase induced by acetylcholine and among them the effect of isoproterenol was most prominent. 2) Chronic treatment of methoxamine or reserpine caused enhancement of acetylcholine response in amylase release from pancreatic slice throughout the experimental period, but the amylase release was less than that of control by 12 days isoproterenol treatment. 3) In the pancreatic slices obtained from 12 days treatment of CCK-OP, the amylae release responding to acetylcholine was enhanced. By these finding it is suggested that methoxamine, isoproterenol and reserpine had marked influence on the exocrine pancreatic functions in rats and that these effects are due to their inherent actions rather than sympathetic nerve or adrenergic receptor function.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1987

극구흡충의 하나인 Echinochasmus iaponicus의 표퍼 미세구조를 관찰하기 위하여 이 연구를 실시하였다. 참붕어(Pseuderasbora larva)의 두부로부터 분리, 수집한 피낭유충을 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐에 경구 감염시킨 후 5일, 7일 및 14일에 성충을 회수하여 고정, 건조 및 순금표면처리 과정을 거친 다음 ISI-Korea의 CL-6 및 DS-130 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. E. japonicus의 충체는 작고 통통한 표주박 모양으로 전단이 뾰족하고 후단은 등근모양이었다. 충체의 전체표면은 가로로 불연속적인 주름이 져 있었고, 자갈모양의 원형질 돌기로 덮혀 있었다. 2. 두관에는 24개의 두극이 원형질 주머니에 박혀서 일렬로 배열하였으나, 이중 양끝에서 두번 째, 네번 째의 두극은 밖으로 더 벌어져 있었다. 또한 이 배열은 두관의 등쪽 정증선에서 끊어져 있었다. 구흡반은 근육성이었고 구순에는 많은 수의 감각유두가 존재하였다. 구흡반과 복흡반 사이에는 생식공이 개구하고 있고, 동심원 모양의 복흡반은 복측으로 약간 튀어나와 있었으며 15∼17개의 II형 감각유두가 일열로 래열되어 있었다. 3. 상모양의 피극은 충체표퍼의 복측 앞쪽측면과 배측 전반부에 밀집되어 있었고, 구흡반에서 복흡반에 이르는 복측 정중면과 배측 후반부에는 분포하지 않았다. 4. 감각유두는 type I , type II 두 종류만 관찰되었으며 type I은 복측 전반부에 주로 많이 분포하였고 type II는 구흡반과 복흡반의 구술에만 주로 분포하였다. 이상의 결과로 E. japnicus의 표퍼 미세구조가 다른 극구흡충과 비교했을 때 몇 가지 특징적인 것을 나타냄을 알 수 있었고, 이 특징들이 다른 극구흡충류의 표피 미세구조 및 분류학적 연구에 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2001

들잔디 (Zoysia japonica Steud.)의 성숙종자 유래의 캘러스를 사용하여 캘러스 생장 및 재분화에 적합한 몇 가지 조건과 캘러스 유형에 따른 재분화 효율을 검토하였다. 종자로부터 캘러스 유도는 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.2 mg/L BAP, 4 mg/L thiamine-HCl, 100 mg/L $\alpha$-ketoglutaric acid를 포함한 MS 배지에서 가장 좋았다. 캘러스 증식은 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.05mg/L BAP, 4 mg/L thiamine-HCl, 100 mg/L $\alpha$-ketoglutaric acid를 포함한 MS 배지가 가장 좋았다. 식물체의 재분화는 3% maltose, 1 mg/L BAP 또는 1 mg/L TDZ를 포함한 MS배지에서 좋았다. 캘러스의 Type과 빈도는 2,4-D와 BAP 조합과 농도에 따라 크게 영향을 받았고, 형태적으로 4가지 Type이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. Type I, II, III 캘러스는 계대배양으로 신초가 형성된 반면, 물기가 많은 캘러스인 Type IV에서는 뿌리만이 분화되었다. 이 중 Type I 캘러스는 신초의 재분화율이 82%로 가장 높고 albino체의 출현빈도가 4%로 가장 낮았다. 이와같이 캘러스를 유형별로 구분하여 배양함으로써 잔디 캘러스로부터 식물체의 재분화를 높일 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.120-127
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• 1975

단백자원(蛋白資源)의 이용증가(利用增加)에 도움을 주기 위하여 현재 정부가 장려하고 있는 해바라기 씨에 함유된 단백질을 택하여 고급단백질과의 비교 실험으로 그 대치가 가능한 가를 알아보기 위하여 이 실험에 착수하였다. 출산후 $40{\pm}5$일(日)된 Sprague-Dawley계(系) 흰쥐(male)를 15일간(日間) 저단백사료(기초사료)에 적응시킨 다음 체중이 $50{\sim}60\;g$ 인 36마리를 한 군당(群當) 9마리씩 표준사료군(casein첨가), 해바라기 유박30%첨가사료군, 해바라기 유박(油粕) 20%첨가사료군 및 저단백사료군(기초 사료군)의 4군(群)으로 나누어 7주간(週間)으로 사육하면서 사료섭취량, 체중증가율, 단백질효율, 사료효율, 휴식시대사율 그리고 실험최종일에 적혈구상 및 몇가지 장기중량을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 사료에 함유된 단백질이 질이 좋거나 함량이 많을수록 성장률 및 사료효율(7주간(週間)의 평균치(平均値))은 좋았고 체중 100g당(當) 1일(日) 사료섭취량은 반대로 적었다. 2. 단백질효율의 7주간(週間) 평균치(平均値)는 casein이 함유된 표준사료가 가장 좋았고 기타 사료에서는 비슷한 성적을 보였다. 3. 휴식시대사율은 사료의 종류가 달라도 의의 있는 변동(變動)을 나타내지 않았다. 4. 적혈구수, 혈색소량, 및 hematorcit치(値)는 사료에 함유된 단백질의 질이 좋거나 함량이 많을수록 좋은 성적을 나타내었으나 적혈구항수에는 유의차(有意差)가 없었다. 5. 실험최종일에 측정한 심장, 신장 및 비장의 무게(g/100g B.Wt.)는 각군간에 유의차가 없었으나 간장의 경우만 유박첨가사료군이 표준사료군과 저단백사료군보다 조금 낮은 성적을 보였다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2022

Purpose: To determine the effect of zinc deficiency on fecal protein, electrolyte, and short-chain fatty acid levels in both heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced diarrhea in rats. Methods: Albino rats, weighing 100 to 150 g, were divided into 2 groups, with 15 animals each: non-zinc and zinc-deficient. These two groups were sub-divided into three sub-groups with five rats each: control (saline); LT-ETEC; and ST-ETEC. Sodium phytate (30 mmol/L) was added to the animals' water to induce zinc deficiency, while diarrhea was induced using 5×10⁹ ETEC cells/mL. Fecal protein levels were estimated using the Bradford method, while sodium and potassium levels were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Short-chain fatty acids were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Among the non-zinc and zinc-deficient groups, there were significant increases (p=0.04), (p=0.03) in fecal protein concentrations (mg/mL) in the LT-ETEC- (4.50±0.33), (6.50±0.26) and ST-ETEC- (3.85±0.19), (5.98±0.32) induced groups compared to the control groups (2.60±0.52), (3.50±0.11) respectively. Fecal sodium and potassium levels (mg/L) were significantly (p=0.029) increased in non-zinc-deficient rats induced with LT-ETEC (9.35±0.95, 1.05±0.48), and ST-ETEC (9.96±1.02, 1.21±0.45) compared with the control group (8.07±0.44, 0.47±0.17) but the increase were not statistically significant (p=0.059) in the zinc deficient rat groups. Fecal acetate and propionate levels (mg/g) significantly (p=0.032) increased when induced with LT-ETEC and ST-ETEC in non-zinc and zinc-deficient groups compared with the control groups. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency among rats with ETEC-induced diarrhea elevated fecal protein loss but may not have an effect on fecal sodium, potassium and short-chain fatty acid levels.