• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2005

도열병은 곰팡이 균(Magnaporthe grisea)에 의해 발병되는 것으로, 벼 수확량에 가장 큰 손실을 일으킨다. 본 연구에서는 벼 도열병 저항성 신호전달 체계에 관여하는 유전자를 분리하기 위하여 DEB(1, 3-Butadiene diepoxide) 처리를 통하여 벼 도열병 저항성 품종인 RIl260의 돌연변이 2,000여 종을 생산하고, 이들로부터 병 저항성 변이 개체를 조사하였다. 돌연변이 집단에서 백변종 돌연변이의 비율은 6.7%로 매우 높았으며, 이것은 DEB 처리에 의해서 생산된 집단 내에 돌연변이가 높은 빈도로 발생하였음을 보여준다. 돌연변이 집단의 병 저항성 분석을 통하여 완전히 혹은 부분적으로 벼 도열병에 저항성을 상실한 29개의 돌연변이체를 분리하였다. 이들 중에서 가장 심한 이병성 라인으로 확인된 M5465는 DNA 혼성화 반응 분석을 사용하여 분석하였으며, RIL260 품종에서 도열병 병 저항성과 밀접한 관련을 갖고 있는 것으로 보고된 Pi5(t) 유전좌위의 DNA 표지들이 실험에 사용되었다. 이 결과들은 M5465에서 Pi5(t) 유전좌위 내부에 DNA의 큰 결손 및 재배열이 있었음을 보여준다. 분리된 병 저항성 돌연변이 라인들은 Pi5(t)에 의해 매개된 도열병 저항성의 신호 전달 과정을 이해하는 데 유용하게 사용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2000

열목어를 비롯한 산천어, 시마연어, 연어, 무지개송어 등 우리나라 연어아과 어류의 집단구조분석을 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여, 미토콘드리아 ribosomal RMA 유전자 영역의 염기서열변이를 비교${\cdot}$분석하였다. 미토콘드리아 DNA의 125 rRNA(945 bases, 열목어 의 경우 946 bases), Valine transfer RNA (72 bases), 및 16S rRNA(1513 bases) 등 3개의 유전자 영역에 걸쳐, 최대 2531 bases의 염기서열을 PCR/direct sequencing하여 얻었는데, 모든 염기변이중 전이가 월등히 우세하게 나타났으며, 종내${\cdot}$종간변이율은 모두 $0.5{\%}$이하로 낮게 나타나, 다른 영역에 비해 rRNA 유전자 영역에서의 염기서열이 매우 보존적임을 보여주었다. 또한, 미토콘드리아 rRNA 유전자 염기서열은 연어류의 속 (genus)단계 이상에서 집단분류표지인자로 유용하게 쓰일 수 있으리라 사료되어진다. 미토콘드리아 rRNA 염기서열자료를 기초로 구성된 phylogenetic tree를 통해 이들 종간의 진화적인 유연관계를 살펴본 결과, 시마연어가 무지개송어보다는 연어와 더 근연인 것으로 나타났으며, 열목어는 가장 유연이 먼 종임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1971

In an attempt to better understand the effects of whole body X-irradiation on the levels of non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH), non-protein disulfide (NP-SS) and oxygen consumption rate $(QO_2)$ of the mouse duodenum, and to clarify the possible radioprotective action of reduced glutathione (GSH), a whole body X-irradiation of 1,000r was given to albino mouse either singularly or immediately after injecting GSH intraperitoneally to mouse 1 mg per gm of body weight. NP-SH was measured by Ellman's method, NP-SS was measured by the electrolytic reduction method described by Dohan and Woodward, and $(QO_2)$ by the Warburg's standard manometric method. The experiment was performed at 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours post-irradiation, and the comparison was made with the control. The results thus obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Comparing with the intrinsic NP-SH level of $3.31{\pm}0.27{\mu}\;mol/gm$ wet weight in the duodenum of the normal mouse, either whale body X-irradiation or injection of GSH alone produced no significant change in NP-SH from the normal. However, when GSH was injected prior to X-irradiation, markedly elevated NP-SH levels were observed throughout the entire experiment with the highest value of $4.70{\pm}0.10$ at 6 experimental hours. 2) The normal value of NP-SS in the mouse duodenum was $1.57{\pm}0.17{\mu}\;mol/gm$ wet weight, while in the group where injection of GSH and X-irradiation were combined, NP-SS increased to $2.36{\pm}0.33$ at 12 hours and $2.15{\pm}0.53$ at 24 hours, showing the intermediate value between the GSH injection group and X·irradiation group. 3) The normal value of $(QO_2)$ was $4.16{\pm}0.73{\mu}l\;O_2/hr./gm$ D.W., and no noticeable change was observed comparing with the GSH injection group. However, in the group where X·irradiation alone was given, $(QO_2)$ of the duodenum increased significantly throughout the entire experiment with the highest value of $6.35{\pm}1.07$ at 6 experimental hours. When GSH was injected before X-irradiation was given, the levels of $(QO_2)$ were in the middle of the GSH injection group and X-irradiation group. 4) The above results suggest that GSH may be effective as a radioprotector in terms of NP-SH, NP-SS and $(QO_2)$ of the mouse duodenum.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1970

In an attempt to better understand the effect of whole body irradiation on the spontaneous motility and oxygen consumption rate of the isolated mouse duodenum, a whole body X-irradiation of 1,000r. was given to albino mouse, and 1) the total length of contraction of isolated duodenum was recorded on kymograph every five minutes for 60 minutes, 2) glucose and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) were added to the reaction medium of Kreb's-Ringer-bicarbonate buffer(KRB) and response of the isolated duodenum to the drugs was observed, and 3) the oxygen consumption rate $(QO_2)$ of the isolated duodenum as well as the effect of glucose and 5-HT on $QO_2$ were measured by Warburg's standard manometric method and the comparison was made with the control(i.e. normal) group. The results thus obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The spontaneous motility of the isolated duodenum in the irradiated groups showed a significantly elevated pattern for the first 15 minutes comparing with the control. The motility, however, decreased after 15 minutes and remained so in the irradiated groups to the level of the nonirradiated control, but 24 hours post-irradiation group showed a tendency of an increased motility while one hour post-irradiation group showed no difference comparing with the control. 2. Addition of glucose produced generally elevated motility of the isolated duodenum in both irradiated and non-irradiated groups comparing with the control throughout the experiment, but no difference was observed in contractile amplitude between the irradiated and non·irradiated groups. 3. When 5-HT was added to the irradiated group, the contractile amplitude of isolated duodenum was similar to that of the control, and 5-HT alone caused a slight increase of the motility comparing with the control. 4. The oxygen consumption rate $(QO_2)$ of the isolated duodenum was found to be ,slightly increased in one hour post·irradiated group, but similar in 24 hour post·irradiated group comparing with the control. Glucose produced a significant increase of $QO_2$ in all the groups, but 5-HT produced a tendency of decrease of $QO_2$ in all the groups.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 1976

In order to investigate the effects and acting mechanism on ovaries, thyroid glands and hypophyses of rabbits in short term administration of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) as medical dose, a total of 90 virgin albino rabbits (mean body weight, 1,362g) were selected at random and alloted to two groups. Rabbits in one group served as controls and the others were administered SDM of 50 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks, and then reared without medication for 4 weeks. Pathological changes of the three organs were observed each week for 9 weeks and the results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Mean body weights of both groups manifested slow increasing tendency but mean hypophysis weights fluctuated throughout the experimental term. Mean ovary weights of experiments were decreased significantly from the 3rd to 6th week but mean thyroid weights of experiments were increased significantly from the 1st to 6th week compared with those of controls. 2. Many ovarian follicles of each developing stage showed follicular atresia accompanying atrophy or necrosis of oocytes and of disintegrated follicular cells. Theca interna cells and sudanophilic interstitial cells showed atrophy and diminished sudanophilic granules and also liquor folliculi were diminished. These changes icreased from the 1st week, remaining so for 5 weeks and returned to normal status in the 8th or 9th week. 3. The thyroid gland showed a typical hyperplastic goiter. Hypertrophic and hyperplastic epithelia follicular manifested cuboidal or columnar form showing tiny or small vacuoles in cytoplasm. The follicles showed atrophy and decreasing colloidal materials. Necrotic and regenerative changes were also present. The interfollicular vessels showed congestion and hemorrhage. These changes increased from the 1st week, remaining so for 5 weeks and returned to normal status in the 9th week. 4. The rates of differential cell counts of hypophyses revealed increase of basophils (gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs) and decrease of chromophobes. Basophils which had diminished granules stainable with HE, PAS and AF revealed hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and increasing of tiny or small vacuoles in cytoplasm. These changes increased from the 1st week, remaining so for 5 weeks and returned to normal status in the 8th or 9th week. As summarized above histologically, administration of SDM led thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs of pituitary glands to hyperactivity but revealed retrogressive and compensatory changes with functional disturbance in ovaries and thyroid glands. These changes were transitional and attributed to direct actions of the drugs on the ovaries and thyroid glands.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1979

Korea has produced large quantities of Panax Ginseng roots which have a stimulating effect on the metabolisma of protein, lipid and nucleic acids in the body. Authors believe that the lear and trunk of Panax Ginseng might have some components possessing a similar activity to Panax Ginseng root although the quantity and quality of the functional components may be somewhat different. Therefore, this study was designed to observe the nutritional effects of diet supplemented with the leaves or trunks of Panax Ginseng. Weanling(body weight; $82{\pm}3g$) male albino rats were subjected to six different dietary groups as followings; A groups; dietary groups which were treated with steam for 30 min at $115^{\circ}C}$. B Groups; dietary groups which were not treated with steam. A-C (or B-C) dietary group; Control for A groups(or B groups) containing 99% wheat flour. A-1 (or B-1) dietary group; dietary group supplemented with 2% leaf of Panax Ginseng, which replaced 2% wheat flour of control diet. A-2 (or B-2) dietary group; dietary group supplemented with 2% trunk of Panax Ginseng, which replaced 2% wheat flour or control diet. Each group of rats was maintained with the corresponding diet for 40 days. And then they were sacrificed. The growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and the contents of lipid and cholesterol in organs were determined. The results obtained are summarized as follows;1) The gained body weights of dietary group supplemented with 2% leaf(A-1 and B-1) or 2% trunk(A-2 and B-2) of panax Ginseng were more increased in comparison to the corresponding control group(A-C and B-C). 2) The gained body weight of each group in A-group(A-C, A-I and A-2) was higher than that or each corresponding dietary group in B-group(B-C, B-1 and B-2). 3) The protein efficiency ratios of A-1 and A-2 dietary group, and B-1 and B-2 dietary group were more improved in comparison to the corresponding control group(A-C and B­C). 4) The lipid contents in the liver of A-1 and B-1 dietary groups were lower than in that of A-C and. B-C dietary group, respectively. According to the above results, it could be suggested that the nutritional value of the wheat flour can be improved by supplement of 2% leaf or 2% trunk of Panax Ginseng.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 1984

It has been recently reported that cingulate cortex mar facilitate gastric acid secretion, but its facilitatory mechanism on the gastric acid secretion is still unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the facilitatory mechanism of the cingulate cortex upon gastric acid secretion in rats. Twenty·three male albino rats were divided into the cingulate(N= 13) and the operated control(N= 10) groups. The cingulate group in which cingulate cortex was removed by suction through a slit-shaped opening on each side of, and parallel to, the sagittal suture. In the operated control group, the surgical procedure was ended with the skull opening and the incision of dura mater. The gastric juice was collected via a chronic gastric cannula after 24 hours of fast, with water ad libitum. The juice was collected continuously for 6 hours, starting 3 hours prior to the injection of gastric secretagogue, pentagastrin$(12\;{\mu}g/kg)$ or histamine dihydrochloride $(320\;{\mu}g/kg)$. Three one·hour samples were obtained before ana after the administration of each secretagogue. The two agents were injected separately and subcutaneously at intervals of 1 week, the blood samples were drawn from the abdominal aorta for the radioimmunoassay of postprandial plasma gastrin concentration in response to the forced feeding of 10% cod liver oil. 1) After pentagastrin administration, the volume of gastric juice tended to decrease, but its acidity tended to increase in the cingulate group compared with those of the operated control group. However, there was no any difference in the acid output between the two groups. 2) Histamine-stimulated acid output and volume of the gastric juice of the cingulate group decreased significantly compared with those of the operated control group, while there was not significantly different in the acidity between the two groups. 3) Before pentagastrin or histamine administration, any change was not observed in the gastric acid secretion following the cingulate cortical ablation. 4) Postprandial plasma gastrin concentration in response to the forced feeding of 10% cod liver oil was insignificantly lower in the cingulate group than in the operated control group. It is inferred from the above results that the cingulate cortex exerts a facilitatory influence upon the histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats, and its influence may not be mediated by the stimulation of gastrin secretion.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.147-157
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• 1974

This study was undertaken to observe the effect of sesame in the diet of rats (Splague Dowley). Comparisons were made of weight gains, organ weights and the cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride content of the blood serum and liver tissue. Rats weighing 67-80 g were used for the study, while rats weighing 160-165 g were used in the study. In the both studies, the experimental animals were fed on sesame mixtures for 24 weeks. The study was conducted to determine the effect of sesame hulls which are known to contain a high proportion of oxalic acid and phytic acid, which are toxic substances causing various physical disorders. The rats were divided into four groups, a control group which was fed on a standard diet and three groups fed with 20%, 10% and 5% mixtures of sesame seed hulls respectively. The study was designed to observe the same effect, but in this case the rats were divided into two groups, one fed with a 5% mixture of whole sesame seeds and the other with a 5% mixture of dehulled seeds. The results are as follows: 1) An examination of weight gains showed that group I and II which were fed on 20% and 10% mixture of sesame hulls were significantly retarded in comparison with the control group(P<0. 05). 2) Comparisons of organ weights, group I (20% mixture) showed relatively lower weights(P<0.05). 3) The cholesterol content of the blood serum and liver tissue of group I (20% mixture) and group II (10% mixture) were significantly higher than that of the control. 4) The group fed on the whole sesame seed diet and that fed on the dehulled seed diet differed significantly from each other. 5) With the results stated above, the investigators could observe that a high content of sesame hulls in the diet caused retardation in growth and might be the cause of many physical disorders. Though these effects are not important in Korea at present, the increasing intake of sesame seeds and oils indicates that it may become an important problems.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
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• pp.113-118
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• 1984

한국산 인삼(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) 뿌리에서 추출한 사포닌 성분이 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 실험관 내 실험과 동물실험으로 관찰하였다. 흰쥐(Sprague-Dawley, male, $18{\~}200g$)의 마이크로좀 분획을 NADPH, $Fe^{+3}$, ATP $\alpha^{-+}$-ocopherol 과 인삼 사포닌 분획 (대조군은 사포닌 분획대신 같은 부피의 물)을 함유한 혼합물에서 30분간 반응을 진행시키고 생성되는 molondialdehyde를 분석한 결과 사포닌 분획은 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항산화작용을 상승적으로 증가시켰다. 그리고 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항 산화작용에 상승적 효과는 반응액에서의 인삼 사포닌 분획의 농도가 $10^{-5}\%$ 전후에서 특히 현저하였다. 술로 과산화물을 유발케 한 쥐에게 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol만을 또는 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol과 인삼 사포닌 분획의 혼합물을 경구투여하고 일정 시간 후에 간의 과산화 지질을 thiobarbituric acid 방법으로 분석한 결과 사포닌 분획이 동물체내에서도 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항 산화작용을 크게 촉진시키는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 사포닌 분획은 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 흡수를 촉진시키는 것으로 보고되고 있으며 본 실험에서도 이것을 확인하였고 이와 같은 사포닌 분획의 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol흡수 촉진은 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 항 산화작용을 더욱 효과적으로 촉진 시킬 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 1983

무기질(無機質) 상호간(相互間)에 미치는 영향을 검토(檢討)코저 $CdCl_2$ 용액(溶液)을 음료수(飮料水)(0, 5, 10, 20, 40ppm)로하여 백서(白鼠)에게 4주간(週間) 투여(投與)하였을 때 혈액(血液), 경골(硬骨) 및 치아(齒牙) 중의 무기성분함량(無機成分含量)을 측정(測定) 고찰(考察)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Cd급여수준(給與水準)이 높아짐에 따라 현저한 체중감소(體重減少)와 낮은 사료효율(飼料效率)을 나타내었다. 2. 단위체중(單位體重) 당 장기중량(臟器重量)은 간장(肝臟)이 증가(增加)했는 반면에 다른 장기(臟器)들은 아무런 영향을 받지 않는다. 3. 혈청(血淸) 중의 Cd함량(含量)은 40ppm군(群)에서 현저하게 높았으나, Fe, Cu, Zn 및 Mg함량(含量)은 감소(減少)하였다. 4. 경골(硬骨) 중의 Cd함량(含量)과 P함량(含量)은 40ppm군(群)에서 많아졌으나, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Ca함량(含量) 및 회분함량(灰分含量)은 Cd급여수준(給與水準)을 높일수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 5. 치아(齒牙) 중의 Cd함량(含量)은 혈액(血液)과 경골(硬骨)에서 보다 훨씬 많았으며, Fe, Cu, Zn 및 P함량(含量)은 Cd급여수준(給與水準)을 높일수록 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었고, Mg함량(含量)과 회분함량(灰分含量)은 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다.