• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.430-435
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• 2010

Solvent extraction experiments of Rh(III) and Ir(IV) were performed on the HCl solution by using Alamine336 and TBP. The extraction percentage of Rh and Ir by Alamine336 was much higher than that by TBP. For the solvent extraction with Alamine336, the extraction percentage of Rh and Ir decreased with a HCl concentration. However, the extraction percentage of both metals by TBP was below 12% in our experimental range and increased with an increasing HCl concentration of up to 8 M. From the mixed solution of Ir with an excess SnCl$_{2}$, most of the tin was extracted by Alamine336 and TBP. However, the extraction percentage of Ir by Alamine336 was reduced and no iridium was extracted by TBP. The extraction behavior of Ir and Sn was investigated by scrubbing experiments on the loaded Ir with a SnCl$_{2}$ solution.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2010

The effects of Cu(II) and Al(III) on the extraction and separation of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) have been investigated in a mixed chloride solution using Alamine336 as the extractant. In the HCl concentration range of 1 to 5 M, more than 99% of Pt and Pd could be extracted by Alamine336 from all of the mixed chloride solutions investigated in this study. Lower HCl concentration led to a higher separation factor between Pd and Pt when Alamine336 concentration was constant. Extraction percentage of Cu increased with the increase of HCl concentration, while that of Al was nearly constant at 33% in our experimental range. The optimum conditions to extract Pt and Pd from Cu or Al and the separation factor under these conditions were obtained.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.16 no.3 s.77
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• pp.34-43
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• 2007

A comparative study of the extraction behavior of vanadium and titanium in sulphate solutions using Cyanex272, PC88A and Alamine336 has been carried out. effect of pH in sulphate solutions, concentration of extractant and extraction isotherms has been studied. Solvent extraction separation studies of vanadium and titanium from the mixed solutions were also carried out in order to obtain a criterion for choosing the more effective extraction regent. From the experimental results, it was conformed that Alamine336 was good extractant to extraction of vanadium and separation from titanium from the mixed solutions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.1945-1950
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• 2010

Solvent extraction experiments of Pt(IV), Pd(II) and Rh(III) by Alamine336 were performed from the mixed chloride solutions. In the HCl concentration range from 1 to 5 M, most of Pt and Pd were extracted from the mixed solutions. However, the extraction percentage of Rh was much smaller than that of Pt and Pd. Lower concentration of Alamine336 in strong HCl solution led to higher separation factor of Rh from Pt and Pd. Adding $SnCl_2$ to the mixed solutions increased the extraction percentage of Rh, while the extraction percentage of Pt and Pd was little affected. Our results showed that selective separation of Rh or coextraction of the three platinum group metals from the mixed solution would be possible by adjusting the extraction conditions.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.823-829
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• 2008

The solvent extraction process for the recovery of vanadium from leaching solution of SCR(selective catalytic reduction) spent catalyst was investigated by using Alamine336 as an extractant. The effects of experimental conditions, such as initial pH and concentration of sulfate ion, and ammonia concentration of stripping solution were studied. The extraction percentage of vanadium were increased with the increase of initial pH of leaching solution and decreased with the increase of sulfate ion. More than 99% of vanadium in leaching solution were extracted and stripped at the A/O ratio of 1.0 in 2 stages. On the basis of these results, an optimum solvent extraction process which vanadium was effectively recovered from SCR spent catalyst was proposed.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.37-43
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• 2008

Stripping experiments of iron from the loaded Alamine336 by sulfurous, chloric and sulfuric acid solutions have been performed by varying the concentration of acid and stripping conditions. The stripping percentage of iron decreased with the increase of HCl and $H_{2}SO_4$ concentration, while that increased with the increase of $H_{2}SO_3$ concentration up to 3 M. Stripping temperature had adverse effect on the stripping percentage of iron in the stripping by $H_{2}SO_3$ solution, while the stripping percentage of iron by HCl solution increased with the increase of temperature. Stripping isotherm of iron by 0.1 M HCl and 0.1 M $H_{2}SO_4$ solution indicated that three and four stripping stages could result in a solution containing 0.05 M iron at an O/A ratio of 1/10 from the loaded Alamine336 phase where iron concentration was 0.5 M.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.46-51
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• 2011

An extraction study of neodymium (Nd) was investigated with different individual and mixer of extractants such as PC88A, D2EHPA, Cyanex 272, Versatic acid 10 and D2EHPA+Alamine-304-1, D2EHPA+Alamine-308, D2EHPA+TBP, D2EHPA+TOPO, PC88A+Alamine-336 and PC88A+TBP respectively. In all cases, it was observed that the extraction percentage of Nd increased with increasing equilibrium pH and extractant concentration but rather opposite observation was found that the extraction percentage of Nd decreased with increasing TBP concentration along with D2EHPA. Adding TBP to PC88A had no favorable effect on the extraction of Nd, whereas use of a mixture of PC88A with Alamine336, increased the extraction percentage of Nd under the same condition. Based on our experimental studies, this paper reports the results on the basic approach and extraction of neodymium.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.218-226
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• 2004

Solvent extraction and stripping experiments were conducted to separate iron from a spent $FeCl_3$ etching solution containing nickel. In the extraction, PC88A, MIBK and Alamine336 were tested as an extractant in various diluents. Alamine336 salt in toluene led to the highest extraction percentage of iron. Stripping percentage of iron from the loaded organic by Alamine336 increased with decreasing HCl conentration of stripping solution and with increasing volume ratio of aqueous to organic. In the operation of bench scale mixer-settler, 7 extraction stage with 1.0M Alamine336 salt in toluene and 10 stripping stage with 0.01M HCl solution resulted in a stripped solution with 133g/L of iron and in a raffinate with most of nickel together with a small amount of iron when the flow rate ratio of organic to aqueous was 7.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.9-14
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• 1997

A study has been made of the rccovery of copper (11) by solvent extraction with Alamine336 (Tri-n-oclylamine) as a extractant from hydrochloric etching solutions. The effect of extractant concentrations, hydrochloric acid, chloride Ion concentrations and phase ratio (organiclaqueaus) on copper extraction were studied. Experimental results showed that the concenl~atiano f extractant and the phase ratio strongly influenced the copper extraction, and the extraction percent of capper Increased at higher hydrochloric acid and chloride ion mncmhation. We proposed that the optimum extrachon stages of copper for continuous extraction process by analysidng thc McCabe-Thielc diagram. Stripping of copper from the loaded organic phases wn be accomplished by pure water (H, O) as a dripping reagent effectively. As the tcmpcrature is increased, thc stripping of copper is enhanced.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.113-116
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• 2011

Slope analysis method was applied to determine the stoichiometry of the solvent extraction reaction of Ni(II) by Alamine336 from strong HCl solution range from 1 to 10 M. Solvent extraction data was obtained from the literature. The effective equilibrium constant for the solvent extraction reaction was estimated by considering the ionic equilibria of $NiCl_2$ in the HCl solution. The measured distribution coefficients of Ni(II) agreed well with those calculated in this study. Our results suggest that further study on the measurement of the activities of nickel complexes at high HCl solution need to be done.