• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.9
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 1968

In order to elucidate the differences among the parts of internal organs of salted fishes (Chang Zut), five parts of the organs were examined for their chemical constituents including amino acids. The moisture content varied from 59.8% to 72.8% Crude protein; 7.13% to 11.19%, Crude ash; to 16.1%, 24.8%, Sodium chloride; 15.3% to 22.4% and ash; 0.8% to 2.2%. Seven essential amino acids including leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, threonine, lysine and methionine except valine were existed in the every part of the organ. The contents of tyrosine and hydroxyproline were relatively high, on the other hand, tryptophan was trace amount in the every parts.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2006

Fibrinolytic enzyme was purified from the fruiting bodies of Lepista nuda, using DEAE-Cellulose chromatography, Phenyl Sepharose chromatography, and Mono-S column chromatography. The substance has a molecular weight of 30006.62 Da as measured by MALD-TOF mass spectrometry. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme was Tyr-Pro-Ser-Pro-Ser-His-Gln-Thr-Ala-Val-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-X. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by PMSF, indicating that the enzyme is a serine protease. No inhibition was found with E-64, pepstatin, and EDTA. It has broad substrate specificity for synthetic peptides. The enzyme was stable up to $30^{\circ}C$. The enzyme hydrolyzes both Aa and y chains of human fibrinogen but did not show any reactivity for $B{\beta}$ chain of human fibrinogen.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.370-378
• /
• 2007

A superoxide dismutase was purified 62-fold in seven steps to homogeneity from Methylobacillus sp. strain SK1, an obligate methanol-oxidizing bacterium, with a yield of 9.6%. The final specific activity was 4,831 units per milligram protein as determined by an assay based on a 50% decrease in the rate of cytochrome c reduction. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 44,000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis revealed two identical subunits of molecular weight 23,100. The isoelectric point of the purified enzyme was found to be 4.4. Maximum activity of the enzyme was measured at pH 8. The enzyme was stable at pH range from 6 to 8 and at high temperature. The enzyme showed an absorption peak at 280 nm with a shoulder at 292 nm. Hydrogen peroxide and sodium azide, but not sodium cyanide, was found to inhibit the purified enzyme. The enzyme activity in cell-free extracts prepared from cells grown in manganese-rich medium, however, was not inhibited by hydrogen peroxide but inhibited by sodium azide. The activity in cell extracts from cells grown in iron-rich medium was found to be highly sensitive to hydrogen peroxide and sodium azide. One mol of native enzyme was found to contain 1.1 g-atom of iron and 0.7 g-atom of manganese. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme was Ala-Tyr-Thr-Leu-Pro-Pro-Leu-Asn-Tyr-Ala-Tyr. The superoxide dismutase of Methylobacillus sp. strain SK1 was found to have antigenic sites identical to those of Methylobacillus glycogenes enzyme. The enzyme, however, shared no antigenic sites with Mycobacterium sp. strain JC1, Methylovorus sp. strain SS1, Methylobacterium sp. strain SY1, and Methylosinus trichosproium enzymes.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.109-112
• /
• 2008

The G184C and G134A single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of the CYP1A1 gene result in Ala62Pro and Gly45Asp substitutions, respectively. Here, we tested whether these SNPs are associated with an alteration in lung cancer incidence. We examined 80 Korean subjects with lung cancer and 240 age- and sex-matched controls. For each subject, the CYP1A1 gene was PCR amplified and sequenced. We observed that the odds ratio(OR) for lung cancer was 3.37 higher in subjects with the G184C polymorphism than in controls(95% confidence interval(CI), $0.89{\sim}12.73$, P=0.07). In contrast, the OR for lung cancer was 1.23 in subjects with the G134A polymorphism compared to controls(95% CI, $0.68{\sim}2.20$, P=0.49). The G184C polymorphism exacerbated the effects of smoking on lung cancer development. Gene-smoking interaction analyses revealed that past or present smokers with the G184C polymorphism had a higher incidence of lung cancer(OR, 24.72; 95% CI, $4.48{\sim}136.31$; P<0.01) than control smokers(OR, 6.65; 95% CI, $2.72{\sim}16.28$; P<0.01). However, there was only a slight difference in the ORs for lung cancer between control smokers and smokers with the G134A polymorphism. These findings suggest that the G184C polymorphism, but not the G134A polymorphism, is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2018

In this study, we synthesized Oligo Peptide (Lys-Val-Ala-Arg-Pro: KVARP) and peptide derivatives using Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis(SPPS). KVARP was commonly known to improve whitening of skin. We measured bio-activity of the synthesized compounds. The whitening effect was measured in tyrosinase inhibition and the result showed to be highly effective with 93% inhibition rate at $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Geranic-KVARP, on the other hand the IC50 value was $68{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The wrinkle-reducing effect was measured by elastase inhibition at a concentration of 63% at $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Salicylic-KVARP, and the IC50 value was $253{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In the DPPH assay, Caffeic-KVARP showed more than 95% antioxidant activity at $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ with high concentration and IC50 value was $31{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The anti-inflammatory effect of Nitric Oxide inhibition was 67% at $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Lipoic-KVARP. Therefore, the four types of KVARP derivative that were synthesized from various experiments has shown that it could have potential to be used to develop new medicines, cosmetics as well as in various industries.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.64 no.4
• /
• pp.740-751
• /
• 2022

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of bird age on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) for 10-d-old Experiment (Exp. 1) and 22-d-old (Exp. 2) male broilers. This study investigated the effects of different broiler ages and feed ingredients on AID and SID of AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Four hundred and eighty (age = 7 d; initial body weight [BW] = 173.4 ± 12.65 g) and 192 (age = 18 d; initial BW = 772.2 ± 62.13 g) birds were allocated to three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with eight replicate cages per treatment. Two diets were formulated based on corn or SBM as the sole source of AA in the diet. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to measure basal endogenous losses of AA. Experimental diets were given for 3 and 4 days in Exps. 1 and 2, respectively. An interaction was observed (p < 0.05) between the age of birds and the type of ingredient for the AID of most AA, except for methionine, valine, cysteine (Cys), and tyrosine; however, the effects of age and type of ingredients were diminished in the SID of AA, except for histidine, isoleucine, leucine (Leu), phenylalanine, alanine (Ala), and glutamic acid (Glu). The AID of AA, except for Leu and Cys and the SID of AA, except for Leu, Ala, Glu, and Pro in SBM were greater (p < 0.05) than in corn. As the age of birds increased from 10 to 22 d, digestibility of all AA increased (p < 0.05), regardless of the expression of AA digestibility (i.e., AID and SID). In conclusion, the AID and SID of AA in both corn and SBM increased with increasing age, and the AID and SID of AA in SBM were greater than in corn.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.408-418
• /
• 1987

The quality of different grades of dried lavers obtained from three culture areas was evaluated and its changes during the storage at different levels of water activity were measured. Not much differences in general chemical composition between the locality was detected except some in the content of lipid and pigments. But the quality grades of dried lavers were mainly depended upon the content of protein and pigments including chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and biliproteins although there was little difference in amino acid composition of the proteins, and glutamic acid, aspartic acid and alanine were high in general. The lipid of dried lavers was composed of a high level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly, of eicosapentaenoic acid which amounted to as much as a half of the total lipid, and of palmitic acid that reached a quarter depending on grades. The quality of dried layers was significantly changed by equilibrium moisture level when stored for three months at different water activities in range of 0.1 to 0.6. The loss of chlorophyll a, carotenoid, biliproteins, ascorbic acid, and browning were markedly retarded at aw 0.1 to 0.2. Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the loss of free amino acids were also minimized at aw 0.2. Glutamic acid and methionine were reduced very fast during the storage.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2020

The aims of this study were to investigate the biological activities and amino acid contents of fermentation ethanol and sodium extracts from five edible mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes, and Agaricus bisporus). DPPH radical scavenging activities in 30% fermentation ethanol extracts of P. eryngii and P. ostreatus were significantly higher than those in sodium extracts (p<0.05). Nitrite scavenging activities were also higher in the 30% fermentation ethanol extracts of P. eryngii and P. ostreatus. The total polyphenol contents of P. eryngii, P. ostreatus, and F. velutipes were high in 70% fermentation ethanol extracts. The analysis of amino acids revealed that the 70% fermentation ethanol extract of P. eryngii had the highest content of total amino acids, with higher phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, and tyrosine contents higher than the other extracts. In all the extracts of P. ostreatus, glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid. The 5% NaCl and 30% fermentation ethanol extracts of F. velutipes contained abundant glutamic acid, alanine, and proline. Glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid in the 70% and 30% fermentation ethanol extracts of L. edodes. In the 5% NaCl extracts of A. bisporus, glutamic acid and alanine were abundant. Thus, maximum biological and nutritional ingredients can be extracted using the optimal solvents for each type of mushroom.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.150-153
• /
• 2005

Although each part of Trichosanthes kirilowii is frequently used as medicinal herbs, study on the chemical composition is not sufficient. It was found that sarcocarp consists of 70% of carbohydrate, 13% of crude protein, 5% of crude fat, 6% of crude fiber and 6% of crude ash; seed consists of 62.59% of carbohydrate, 12.75% of crude protein, 14.80% of crude fat, 6.50% of crude fiber and 3.36% of crude ash; and root consists of 89.40% of carbohydrate, 4.10% of crude protein, 0.50% of crude fat, 3.50% of crude fiber and 2.50% of crude ash. Sarcocarp and seed contain fifteen kinds of amino acids such as Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, His, Arg, Thr, Ala, Pro, Try, Cys, Met, Val, Leu, and Phe. Sarcocarp contain large quantities of phenylalanine and glycine and seed does not contain leucine but lysine. The mineral contents in Trichoxanthes kirilowii are 0.55% Ca, 0.91% Mg, 10.29% Na, and 0.17% K.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.955-962
• /
• 1997

The food components of three kinds of edible ascidians being cultivated and caught in Tongyeong and Jisepo districts, Kyongnam of Korea were investigated. Wild Halocynthia roretzi (WM) and Pyura michaelseni (DM) were higher in contents of moisture and crude protein than cultured Halocynthia roretzi (CM). Total combined amino acid contents of CM, WM and DM muscles were 11,425.4 mg%, 11,595.4 mg% and 12,152.7 mg%, respectively, and major amino acids were Asp, Glu and Lys. The major fatty acids were 14:0, 16:0, 16:1n7, 18:1n7, 18:4n3, 20:5n3 and 22:6n3, and composition ratio of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids of CM, WM and DM were 39.1%, 47.0% and 46.5%, respectively. In extracts components, total free amino acid contents of CM, WM and DM were 1,071.3 mg%, 1,278.7 mg% and 1,133.2 mg%, respectively, and the major amino acids were Tau, Glu, Pro, Asn, Gly, and Ala, while Arg was contained little quantities. As for nucleotides and related compounds, AMP was the principal component and IMP was detected though very small amounts in ascidian samples. Also contents of TMAO, total creatinine, betaine and peptide-N were $12.2{\sim}18.1\;mg%,\;15.5{\sim}19.6\;mg%,\;270.5{\sim}329.9\;mg%\;and\;62.0{\sim}111.0\;mg%,$ respectively. In inorganic ions of ascidian samples, the major components were $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-\;and\;PO^{3-}_4$.