• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.103-123
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• 2017

Mathematical tasks in general introduce and deal with real-life situations, and they derive to students' thinking fluently in solving the given tasks. The tasks might be considered as an important and significant factor to lead a successful mathematical teaching and learning situation. MiC Textbook is a representative one showing such good examples and tasks. This study explores concretely and in detail the cognitive demand level of mathematical tasks, by the subject of MiC Textbook. To accomplish this, this study is to reconstruct more elaborately the analysis framework developed by Hwang and Park in 2013. The framework basically was set up utilizing 'the cognitive demand level' suggested by Stein, et, al. The cognitive demand level is divided into two levels such as low level and high level. The low level is comprized of two elements such as Memorization Tasks(MT), Procedures Without Connections Tasks(PNCT), and high level is Procedures With Connections Tasks(PWCT), and Doing Mathematics Tasks(DMT). This study deals with the tasks on the area of 'data analysis and statistics' in MiC 1, 2, 3 level Textbook. As a result, mathematical tasks of MiC Textbook led learners to deal with and understand mathematical content for themselves, and furthermore to do leading roles for checking and reinforcing the content. Also, mathematical tasks of MiC Textbook are comprized of the tasks suitable to enhance mathematical thinking ability through communication. In addition, mathematical tasks of MiC Textbook tend to offer more learning opportunity to learners' themselves while the level of MiC Textbook is going up.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.33-56
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• 2010

The current business environment has been characterized as less munificent, highly uncertain and constantly evolving. In this environment, the company with dynamic capability is reported to be more successful than others in building competitive advantage. Dynamic capability focuses on the link between a dynamically changing environment, strategic agility, architectural reconfiguration, and value creation. Being characterized to be flexible and adaptive to market circumstance changes, an organization with dynamic capability is described to have high resource fluidity, which represents business process, resource allocation, human resource management and incentives that make business transformation faster and easier. Successful redeployment of the resources for dynamic adaptation requires organizational forms and reward systems to be well aligned with firm's technological infrastructures and business process. The alignment is considered to be an executive level commitment. Building dynamic capability is knowledge driven; relying on new knowledge to reconfigure firm's resources. Past studies established the link between the effective execution of a knowledge-focused strategy and relevant setting of architectural elements such as human resources, structure, process and information systems. They do not, however, describe in detail the underlying processes by which architectural elements are adjusted in coordinated manners to build knowledge-driven dynamic capability. In fact, understandings of these processes are one of the top issues in IT management. This study analyzed how a Korean corporation with a knowledge-focused strategy aligned its architectural elements to develop the dynamic capability and thus create value in the dynamically changing markets. When the Korean economy was in crisis, the company implemented a knowledge-focused strategy, restructured the organization's architecture by which human and knowledge resources are identified, structured, integrated and coordinated to identify and seize market opportunity. Specifically, the following architectural elements were reconfigured: human resource, decision rights, reward and evaluation systems, process, and IT infrastructure. As indicated by sales growth, the reconfiguration helped the company create value under an extremely turbulent environment. According to Ancona et al. (2001), depending on the types of lenses the organization uses, different types of architecture will emerge. For example, if an organization uses political lenses focusing on power, influence, and conflict. the architecture that leverage power and negotiate across multiple interest groups would emerge. Similarly, if an organization uses economic lenses focusing on the rational behavior of organizational actors making choices based on the costs and benefits of action, organizational architecture should be designed to motivate and provide incentives for the actors (Smith, 2001). Compared to this view, information processing perspectives consider architecture to be designed to maximize the capacity of information processing by the actors. Using knowledge lenses, the company studied in this research established architectural elements in a manner that allows the firm to effectively structure knowledge resources to form dynamic capability. This study is revelatory single case with a historic perspective. As a result of this study, a set of propositions and a framework are derived, which can be used for architectural alignment.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.24-45
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• 1972

The Han River is an important water source in Seoul and neighbouring districts, for public and industrial supply, and for agriculture and fishery. Nowadays, more than six million inhabitants are supplied withe water from this river. The total length of the river is 470km, and has 17 10$\^$9/㎥ an average annual flow. The hydrographic characteristics at Seoul are 653㎥/sec in an average flow, 4,608㎥/sec in the maximum average flow, and 201㎥/sec in the minimum average flow. These are influenced in some degree by snowmelt in early spring, and greatly by the flood during summer. For the pollution problems, the periods of low flow are critical ones. As a rule they occur around the months November through June. Nowadays, most of the sewage from towns and industries is discharged untreated. Apart from domestic and industrial sewages, there are some discharges of mineral matter by mines in the upriver region. In general, water quality of the Han River is kept very clean and healthy until Kwangnaru of the upper region of Seoul. A large pollution, however, is received in the downstream by the domestic and industrial sewages of Seoul. It can be seen that dissolved oxygen, COD and BOD$\sub$5/ diminish markedly, and the intensity of almost every water parameter of the river continues to increase. Comparison of the figures for 1971 derived from a sampling point 40km downstream of Kwangnaru leads to the conclusion that hardness, Ca and Mg were no changed; alkalinity, Si and soluble- Fe were slightly increased; CO$\sub$2/, acidity, Cl, NO$\sub$2/-N, Cu, Zn and Al were increased in 2 and 3 times; total residue, total ignitious residue, COD, BOD$\sub$5/, NH$\sub$4/-N, PO$\sub$4/-P, Mn, Pb and total-Fe were increased in 4 to 7 times; and SO$\sub$4/, particulate-Fe and Cd were increased in 10 to 11 times. On the other hand, coliforms were increased in 650 times; fecal coliforms in 365 times; enterococci and total plate counts in 30 times, respectively. In view points of water quality standards, the down Han River water is now leveling out in Cd, coliforms and fecal coliforms for the agricultural use; in dissolved oxygen and some trace elements (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) for the fishery use; in ammonia, COD, BOD$\sub$5/, and Cd for the drinking use.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.527-534
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• 1992

Raney nickel was used as catalyst in the hydrogen electrode for an alkaline fuel cell. The hydrogen electrode manufactured with the Raney nickel catalyst which was sintered at $700^{\circ}C$ was found to have the highest electrode performance. Using the Raney nickel powder of average particle size $90{\AA}$ for the electrode, the current density which had been measured was $450mA/cm^2$ at $80^{\circ}C$ using 6N KOH solution as an electrolyte. The effects of PTFE addition were investigated with CO-chemisorption, polarization curves and Tafel slope. CO-chemisorption had shown the optimum value when the Raney nickel was mixed with 5wt% of PTFE, but from the current density and Tafel slope at porous Raney nickel electrode, the appropriate value of PTFE addition was 10wt%. Recommendable Ni and Al portion for Raney nickel was 60 : 40 and loading amount was $0.25g/cm^2$. Also the influence of pressing pressure for manufacturing catalytic layer and for junction with gas diffusion layer was examined. The morphology of catalyst surface was investigated with SEM. The influence of reactivation time and heat-treatment temperature were also studied.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3 s.99
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• pp.213-219
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• 2002

The CellCaSi, a porous silicate material, was tested for the removal of phosphorus (P as phosphate) in water. The effect of the CellCaSi was investigated on the basis of both particle size (under 1,2, and 4 mm) and added amount (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 g/1) of the CellCaSi. The removal efficiency of phosphorus was highest with a particle size of under 1 mm and also increased with an increasing amount of the CellCaSi. The pH change showed little effect on the phosphorus removal of the CellCaSi. The calcium ion was eluted from the CellCaSi into the water, while the aluminium and iron were not. The eluted calcium ion was combined with dissolved phosphorus and then precipitated. The highest removal efficiency of phosphorus was obtained by the combined addition of the CellCaSi, calcium chloride, and ferric chloride. That is, the phosphorus concentrations of 0.10 and 1.0 mg/1 decreased to 0.03 and 0.47 mg/l by the addition of the CellCaSi (1 g/l), calcium ion (30 mg/l), and ferric ion (1 mg/l) at day 8 after treatment. The water qualities at the end of the experiment were as follows: pH was 8.1 and conductivity was 318 ${\mu}$S/cm (a registered maximum conductivity of 500${\mu}$S/cm for raw and potable wafers).

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.85-100
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• 2005

In recent papers (Pak et al., Pak and Kim), it was suggested to positively use the history of mathematics for the education of mathematics and discussed the determining problem of the order of instruction in mathematics. There are three kinds of order of instruction - historical order, theoretical organization, lecturing organization. Lecturing organization order is a combination of historical order and theoretical organization order. It basically depends on his or her own value of education of each teacher. The present paper considers a concrete problem determining the order of instruction for the concept of angle. Since the concept of angle is defined in relation to figures, we have to solve the determining problem of the order of instruction for the concept of figure. In order to do this, we first investigate a historical order of the concept of figure by reviewing it in the history of mathematics. And then we introduce a theoretical organization order of the concept of figure. From these basic data we establish a lecturing organization order of the concept of figure from the viewpoint of problem-solving. According to this order we finally develop the concept of angle and a related global property which leads to the so-called Gauss-Bonnet theorem.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2004

Purpose: The porpose of this descriptive study was grasp the QOL (Quality of Life) of cervix cancer patient and to analysis QOL (Quality of Life) by stage of disease, type of treatment and de me graphic characteristics Methods: Data were collected from 67 patients with cervical cancer from 3 General Hospitals from March 15 to June 4 using The "QOL (Quality of Life)-Cancer Version" inventory made by Ferrell et al (1995). The data were analysed by using SPSS $PC^+$ program including t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test. Results: Progressing stage of disease and QOL, the significant between the progressing stage of disease and QOL was significant (F=5.06, P=.003). The degree of difference between the progresstion of the stage of the disease and each item in the test was physical well-being (F=3.97 P=.012), the items of psychological well-being (F=3.91, P=.013), the items of social well-being (F=4.96, P=.004). It show a significant difference, but the item of spiritual well-being (F=1.36, P=.262) was not significant difference. The significance between the type of treatment and QOL was insignificant. The degree of difference between each area of life was the psychological well-being (t=-2.14, P=.037), the social well-being (t=-2.15, P=.036). But the physical well-being (t=-.93, P=.356), the spiritual well-being (t=.73, P=.469) was insignificant. Conclusion: As a result, The QOL of patients with cervical cancer is differentiated by the stage of disease, the type of treatment, and the demographic data. Therefore, there is a need to apply nursing intervention to patients with cervical cancer by considering the stage of disease, the type of treatment, and the demographic data.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.435-452
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate a useful model of giftedness in invention. Lee, et al.(2012a) with many other specialists in education for the gifted in invention had proposed a model which looked promising as the theoretical foundation for the field of gifted education in invention, which has been absent for a decade after gifted education in the area of invention started in Korea. Results from two delphi studies and specialists numerous discussions by resulted in a more refined model of giftedness in invention. The new model is based on the inventor's three main aptitudes, which are Knowledge-Skill aptitude, Synthesis-Creativity aptitude, and Character aptitude. These three aptitudes are integrated with 12 factors and 40 behaviors. Through the outcome of this study, we can expect the following : The field of gifted education in invention can have the theorical foundation that practitioners and researchers can share for further practical and academical communication. The new model of giftedness in invention can be used as the basis for identifying promising students who are gifted in invention. Programs and Intervention for gifted students in invention can be designed or evaluated based on the new model.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1414-1417
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• 2000

This study was to investigate effects of the supplementation of the different lactic acid bacteria[Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185 culture group(ST), autoclaved Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185 culture(STS), Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 culture group(LA) and autoclaved Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356(LAS)] on suppression of aluminum accumulation in organs of rats fed with the diet containing $250\;{\mu}g/g$ aluminum sulfate for 4 weeks. Amount of aluminum accumulation in the control rat was in order of bone>lung>heart>large intestine>kidney>liver>brain>small intestine. Effects of reduction of aluminum accumulation by feeding of the four difference fermented milk were in order of LA group>LAS group>ST group>STS group. ST and LA both were more effective than STS and LAS. Ultimately fermented milk was useful in reduction of toxication by accumulating of aluminum in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.317-322
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• 2000

This study examined the effect of nitrogen$(N_2)$ gas packing and ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ treatment on the shelf life of Yukwa(Korean traditional snack). Yukwa were stored with $N_2$ gas packing(AN), $N_2$ gas packing with ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ treatment(ANA), and PE film packing with air(PE) for 20 days at $60^{\circ}C$. They were evaluated by POV, AV, conjugated diene, hexanal, color and sensory characteristics. The POV, AV and conjugated diene content increased abruptly in PE and AN, but increased slowly in ANA with prolonged storage. Higher sensory scores for Yukwa were found in ANA as compared to those in PE and AN. Hexanal content, yellowness and redness in AN were higher than those in ANA and PE. The moisture content, which is supposed to be related with browning of Yukwa, was 3 times higher in AN than that in PE. Oxygen content of each Yukwa pack, even in $N_2$ gas packing, increased remarkably as storage period increased because their highly porous, fragile and syrup-coated structure resulted in incomplete degassing before $N_2$ gas was flushed into package. Consequently, $N_2$ gas packing was inefficient, but $N_2$ gas packing combined with antioxidant(such as ${\gamma}-oryzanol$) treatment was effective for the extension of shelf life of Yukwa.