• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.135-154
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• 2007

The 3 Northeast Asian countries of Korea, Japan and China have been stricter to each other than to other countries of out-region in air liberalization. The prominent reason of this intra-regional protective policy in air transportation seems to be the difference in competitive strength of their national flag carriers. As the 3 countries realize the importance of their mutual cooperation in the region, since China grows to be one of the leading economies in the world and the intra-regional trade and visitors increase tremendously, they are now taking the policy of intra-regional air liberalization more vigorously than before. Especially air cargo liberalization is easier than air passenger liberalization because they realize that the development of open economy is based on free flow of logistics regardless of the competitiveness of their national flag carriers. As Korea is the leading country in the region to promote air liberalization, this paper reviews the importance and growing trend of air cargo, analyzes current air liberalization policy between Korea, Japan and China and the initial effects of open sky in the routes of Shandung-Korea, and suggests the new policies of air liberalization to promote free flow of air logistics.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2013

The performances of indoor air cleaners including particle cleaning capacity and collection efficiency are usually tested at the condition of the maximum air flow rate of the air cleaners. However, the power consumption of the air cleaners is highly dependent on the air flow rate of the individual air cleaners. Therefore, there seems to be an optimized air flow rate for the air cleaning capacity considering power consumption. In this study, clean air delivery rate(or standard useful area as suggested room size) and power consumption have been investigated for different maximum air flow rates of 15 air cleaners and then compared those for different air flow rate modes of the individual 5 air cleaners selected from the 15 cleaners. For the maximum air flow rate conditions of 15 air cleansers, the power consumption per unit area was less related to the maximum air flow rate. However, for the different air flow rate modes of the selected 5 air cleaners, the lower power consumption per unit area was corresponding to the lower air flow rate mode of the individual air cleaners. When considering the operation time to the desired particle concentrations, there was an optimized one in the medium air flow rate modes for the individual air cleaners. Therefore, not only the maximum air flow rate but also lower air flow rates of individual air cleaners should be considered for estimating air cleaning capacity based on energy consumption per unit area.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.297-305
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• 2012

In recent large-scale semiconductor manufacturing clean rooms, the energy consumption of outdoor air conditioning systems to heat, humidify, cool and dehumidify incoming outdoor air represents about 45% of the total air conditioning load required to maintain a clean room environment. Therefore, the energy performance evaluation and analysis of outdoor air conditioning systems is useful for reducing the outdoor air conditioning load for a clean room. In the present study, an experiment was conducted to compare the energy consumption of outdoor air conditioning systems with a simple air washer, an exhaust air heat recovery type air washer and a DCC return water heat recovery type air washer. It was shown from the present lab-scale experiment with an outdoor air flow of 1,000 $m^3/h$ that the exhaust air heat recovery type and DCC return water heat recovery type air washer outdoor air conditioning systems were more energy-efficient for the summer and winter operations than the simple air washer outdoor air conditioning system and furthermore, the DCC return water heat recovery type one was the most energy-efficient in the winter operation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.137-138
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• 2004

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.373-392
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• 2018

The emission of air pollutants in China has increased rapidly as its economy expanded over the last decades. The Chinese government has recently acknowledged the seriousness of the resulting air pollution and is trying to improve air quality in many ways. Here, we review the air quality control and management policies in China, one of our closest neighbors, because these policies may also influence the air quality in Korea. This study examined the recent policies on $PM_{2.5}$ reduction and analyzed the variation in air quality and air pollutant emissions in China. The ambient air quality and emission standards in China have been strengthened, based on China's Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan of 2013. As a result, the annual mean concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ in 2015 in 74 large Chinese cities declined by 23.6% compared with 2013 values. Coal consumption in China also has been reduced by more than 10% per year since 2013. Furthermore, the laws controlling atmospheric emissions were revised again in 2016, and an air pollution forecasting and warning system was implemented to help manage air pollution problems. At present, the Chinese government is trying to evaluate its policies on $PM_{2.5}$ and find a new paradigm to mitigate ongoing $PM_{2.5}$ pollution. In this context, a joint study between Korea and China has been initiated to investigate the characteristics and sources of ambient $PM_{2.5}$ and to identify factors contributing to the high $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations in northeast China. We expect that this academic collaboration will benefit both countries in their search for new policies for $PM_{2.5}$ reduction.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.E2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2003

The present study details air pollution measurements in the Yellow Sea of East Asia. Large-scale air pollution was observed through satellite images and ground monitors in Chongju-Chongwon of central Korea. Evidence of a duststorm transport and resulting dustfall from the Gobi Desert in north China and Mongolia is shown. Also, transport of anthropogenic air pollutants from China to the Yellow Sea, Korea, and Japan was detected and discussed. It was found that the level of air pollution concentrations at a regional back-ground site increased 2 ∼ 4 times than the values observed with the relatively clean air, when massive air pollution from China moved to the Korean Peninsula. Satellite measurements will be useful for monitoring regional- and global-scale air pollution in the future.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.1306-1311
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• 2009

In recent semiconductor manufacturing clean rooms, in order to improve clean room air quality, air washers are used to remove airborne gaseous contaminants such as $NH_3$, SOx and organic gases from the outdoor air introduced into clean room. Meanwhile, there is a large amount of exhaust air from a clean room. From an energy conservation point of view, heat recovery is therefore useful for reducing the outdoor air conditioning load for a clean room. Therefore it is desirable to recover heat from the exhaust air and use it to reheat the outdoor air. In the present study, numerical analysis and experiment was conducted to simulate the amount of energy reduction of exhaust air heat recovery type air washer system. The present numerical results showed good agreement with the results of the experimental data.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.697-703
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• 2010

In recent semiconductor manufacturing clean rooms, air washers are used to remove airborne gaseous contaminants from the outdoor air introduced into a clean room. Meanwhile, there is a large amount of exhaust air from a clean room. From an energy conservation point of view, heat recovery is useful for reducing the outdoor air conditioning load required to maintain a clean room. Therefore it is desirable to recover heat from the exhaust air and use it to cool or heat the outdoor air. In the present study, numerical analysis was conducted to evaluate the recovered heat of an exhaust air heat recovery type air washer system, which is the key part of an energy saving outdoor air conditioning system for semiconductor clean rooms. The present numerical results showed relatively good agreement with the available experimental data.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.278-291
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• 2011

Korea has experienced dramatic development and has become highly industrialized and urbanized during the past 40 years, which has resulted in rapid economic growth. Due to the industrialization and urbanization, however, air pollutant emission sources have increased substantially. Rapid increases in emission sources have caused Korea to suffer from serious air pollution. An air pollutant emissions inventory is one set of essential data to help policymakers understand the current status of air pollution levels, to establish air pollution control policies and to analyze the impacts of implementation of policies, as well as for air quality studies. To accurately and realistically estimate administrative district level air pollutant emissions of Korea, we developed a Korean Emissions Inventory System named the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS). In CAPSS, emissions sources are classified into four levels. Emission factors for each classification category are collected from various domestic and international research reports, and the CAPSS utilizes various national, regional and local level statistical data, compiled by approximately 150 Korean organizations. In this paper, we introduced for the first time, a Korean national emissions inventory system and release Korea's official 2007 air pollutant emissions for five regulated air pollutants.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.29
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2014

Objectives South Korea's air quality standards are insufficient in terms of establishing a procedure for their management. The current system lacks a proper decision-making process and prior evidence is not considered. The purpose of this study is to propose a measure for establishing atmospheric environmental standards in South Korea that will take into consideration the health of its residents. Methods In this paper, the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of the US was examined in order to suggest ways, which consider health effects, to establish air quality standards in South Korea. Up-to-date research on the health effects of air pollution was then reviewed, and tools were proposed to utilize the key results. This was done in an effort to ensure the reliability of the standards with regard to public health. Results This study showed that scientific research on the health effects of air pollution and the methodology used in the research have contributed significantly to establishing air quality standards. However, as the standards are legally binding, the procedure should take into account the effects on other sectors. Realistically speaking, it is impossible to establish standards that protect an entire population from air pollution. Instead, it is necessary to find a balance between what should be done and what can be done. Conclusions Therefore, establishing air quality standards should be done as part of an evidence-based policy that identifies the health effects of air pollution and takes into consideration political, economic, and social contexts.