• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2013

Indoor air quality control has been strengthened within childcare facilities and welfare communities for the elderly and infirm. I have researched the indoor air quality of kids caf$\acute{e}$s. The quality was determined by the measurement of $CO_2$ and HCHO, and the result was used in understanding of the current status of indoor air quality control. The higher level of $CO_2$ and HCHO were found in the playground area where children use compared to the area for guardians in kids caf$\acute{e}$s. And the more people in the caf$\acute{e}$s, the more $CO_2$ and HCHO were generated. It is judged that kids furniture produce harmful substances for children. Hence, the government regulations for kids caf$\acute{e}$s should be improved by reinforcing the indoor air quality control, considering that the main customers are children not adults.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.329-339
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• 1993

Due to the global-convection currents, transboundary transport of air pollutants is widely observed in many regions of the world. This study was carried out to investigate the pattern of long-range transport of air pollutants in North East Asia, especially the impact of air pollutants originated in China and Japan on the air quality in Korea. From the meteorological data at the 850 mb surface from May 1986 through April 1987 at 54 obsevation stations in the North East Asia region, the backward and forward trajectories were calculated using interpolation method. And the contributions of pollution sources in neighbor countries to the air quality in Korea were analyzed. It was concluded that air pollution in China had a great influence on the air quality in Korea throughout the year : it could be transported to Korea just within 2 or 3 days most of the time. The trajectory analysis showed that pollution sources in Beijing. Liaoning Province, and Shandong Province, the most heavily industrialized areas in China., were the most influential for the air quality in Korea except for summer season. Durnig summer season, the air pollution in Shanhai and Japan could have moer influence on Korea. Such transboundary transport of air pollutants necessitate international cowork and cooperation in the region of North East Asia.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.359-368
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• 1999

The outdoor and indoor air quality surrounding highway have been measured, and the study on the design of the booth shape and the air-conditioning system also has been carried out. For the first step of the work, the air quality at the Seoul tollgate on the Kyeong-bu highway was monitored over a year. The measured indoor air quality shows seasonal average concentration 85.6-92.1ppb of >;$NO_2$and the $SO_2$and CO lower than the EAQS(Environmental Air Quality Standards). The measured TSP concentration was much higher than the EAQS. In conclusion, there is necessity to improve the working environment of the tollbooths on highways, and the current air-conditions need to be modify for the purpose. In the process of modifying the air-conditioning system, particulate pollutants needs to be considered processing and the priority needs to be put on the booths for big vehicles.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.17-23
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• 2004

The purpose of this study concerns the improvement of air quality in school classrooms. Polluted indoor air is improved by efficient ventilation systems. So it is important to measure the amount of ventilation needed in classrooms. First, the amount of natural ventilation were measured through a tracer gas method. And we have established a heat recovery ventilation system from 4 cases of airflow in classrooms, and we have measured the change of $CO_2$ density. According to air quality measurements in the classrooms, the density of $CO_2$ is well above environmental standards which are acceptable. When the amount of ventilated airflow increases, indoor air quality is improved. It is surveyed that the most suitable amount of external inducted air is 770 CMH to satisfy $CO_2$ less than 1,000 ppm in classrooms. For improvement of air quality in classrooms, we must consider a suitable ventilation plan and installation of ventilation systems when constructing school buildings.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.325-333
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• 2018

The quality of indoor air quality is facing a very serious situation due to the impact of the quality of the atmosphere in the atmosphere and the surrounding environment. While awareness of the danger of these populations is increasing, there is no way to detect the quality of the indoor air quality as well as the measures to detect the quality of indoor air quality as well as the countermeasures. The study drew a general problem with the design of the service design, the general purpose of the general office, and the use of the public facilities for the purpose of measuring the usage of indoor air quality, the general purpose of public facilities, and the interpretation of the current law. Based on this research, most of the general users' perception of the seriousness of the disease is not reflected in the perception that the dust and indoor air are accumulated in the eyes of the general public.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand distribution of ozone concentration in the south coastal region of Korea by evaluating ozone spatial distribution in the upper air using aircraft. Sampling was carried out from May to August in 2009. The average concentration of ozone in the upper air was ranged from 32.3~90.8 ppb with its maximum concentration of 132 ppb. When it comes to the spatial distribution of ozone, ambient concentration was high in the air, 1,000 m and 500 m above the southern sea near the Gwangyang Bay area and emission sources, respectively. Daily mean concentration of NOy was 6.7~24.2 ppb and that of CO was 0.152~0.487 ppm. In addition, the concentration was appeared to be relatively high in the upper air of industrial regions and the southern seas. Meanwhile, the concentration of both $NO_y$ and CO was high in the upper air of the emission sources regardless of latitude. As for PAN, its daily mean concentration ranged between 0.1 and 0.6 ppb with overall mean concentration of 0.2 ppb. The average concentration of VOCs was 48 ppb, and the concentration of toluene and m,p-Xylene were higher than other components.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2007

Indoor air quality(IAQ) problems are not limited to large office buildings that are inadequately operated. In fact, many school buildings have significant potentials of air pollution and indoor air pollutants may be of particular concern because it is estimated that most young students who are physically weak to the pollutants spend about 90% of their time in classrooms. The goal of the study is to provide academic and architectural information on the major factors that influence indoor air quality in the elementary school. In order to gain a better understanding of IAQ problems in schools, a series of measurement studies of indoor air quality were designed and 3 different elementary school buildings located in Chuncheon were selected. The levels of CO, $CO_2$, and total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) including formaldehyde(HCHO), major concern of this study, were measured in absence of students after class. As the results, it is noticeable that most indoor air pollution comes from sources inside the building, which are, for example, adhesives, upholstery, manufactured wood products, art and scientific supplies. The level of CO was measured similarly to that of outdoors, which means no impact on the indoor air problems since it is lower than the code. Ventilation played an important role in the level of $CO_2$ of which difference was 1.7 times in rough and 230 % of difference in the level was detected among the 3 school buildings. This concludes that indoor air problems might be result of poor building design with inadequate location of corridors within space organization or occupant activity patterns of ventilation.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.81-86
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• 2010

The main sources of the new house syndrome(sometimes it called sick building syndrome) are a concentration of formaldehyde (HCHO) and a concentration of total volatile organic compounds(TVOC). I had field measurements of indoor air quality in the apartment unit at medium-size cities(Y city, C city). I measured indoor air temperature, HCHO concentration in 16 units, TVOC concentration in 6 units and air tightness in 7 units. And I measured outdoor air quality, HCHO concentration and TVOC concentration. Mean concentration of HCHO was $357{\mu}g/m^3$(2006 standard=$120{\mu}g/m^3$), mean concentration of TVOC was $3,092{\mu}g/m^3$ and mean effective air leakage area was 193 cm2. There was a close relation between the indoor air temperature and HCHO concentration, between the indoor air temperature and TVOC concentration. Air tightness also had relation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.569-578
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• 2009

Aircraft Measurements of gaseous pollutants($SO_2$, NOx and $O_3$) in the Yellow Sea area, were carried out on 1997-2007. Main measurement site in 124$^{\circ}$-127$^{\circ}$E, 35$^{\circ}$-37$^{\circ}$N (in the Yellow Sea), have been done along the paths classified vertically and zonally. To understand how the air stream affects Long-range transboundary pollutants in Northease Asia (LTP), the tracks of pollutants in northeast Asia have been analyzed by dividing into 6 different regions(regions I-V and L). Compared with Korea's local sources and western north Pacific influenced by the Yellow Sea, when the air stream from region II is dominant, the $SO_2$ concentrations are 3-6times higher. In region II and III, $SO_2$ concentrations are represented highest at 25.0 and 14.7 ppb, respectively. However, in other regions, $SO_2$ concentration was recorderd the highest at 1.1-3.8 ppb, which is 7-15% higher then the highest one over the region II and III. During 1997-2007, the mean amount of incoming pollutants is 0.162 $ton/km{\cdot}hr$ exceeding about 5-times mean amount of outgoing pollutants over the West Sea. During the observed period, the amount of incoming and outgoing $SO_2$ over the Yellow Sea is the highest in winter, at 0.224 $ton/(km{\cdot}hr)$ and 0.120 $ton/(km{\cdot}hr)$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

Nation-wide systematic and comprehensive measurements of air quality criteria species have been made over 340 sites currently in Korea since 1990. Using these data, temporal and spatial trends of $SO_2$, $PM_{10}$, $NO_2$, $O_3$, CO and $O_x(NO_2+O_3)$ were analyzed to characterize and evaluate implementing efficiency of air quality policy and regulations. Due to strict and effective policy to use cleaner fuels in late 1980s and 1990s, the primary pollutants, such as $SO_2$, CO, and $PM_{10}$ decreased sharply by early 2000s in all parts of Korea. After this period, their concentrations declined with much lower rates in most parts of Korea. In addition, isolated but noticeable numbers of places, especially in major ports, newly developing towns and industrial parks, sustained high levels or even showed further degradation. Despite series of emission control strategies were enforced since early 1990s, $NO_2$ concentrations haven't changed much till 2005, due to significant increase in number of automobiles. Nevertheless, we confirmed that the staggering levels of $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ improved evidently after 2005, especially in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), where enhanced regulations for $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ emissions was imposed to automobiles and large emission sources. However, their decreasing trends were much lessened in recent years again as current air quality improvement strategies has been challenged to revise further. In contrast to these primary species, annual $O_3$, which is secondary product from $NO_2$ and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has increased consistently with about 0.6 ppbv per year in every urban part of Korea, while yearly average of daily maximum 8-hour $O_3$ in summer season had a much higher rate of 1.2 ppbv per year. Increase of $O_3$ can be explained mainly by reductions of NO emission. Rising background $O_3$ in the Northeast Asia and increasing oxidizing capacity by changing photochemistry were likely causes of observed $O_3$ increase. The future air quality policy should consider more effective ways to lower alarming level of $O_3$ and $PM_{10}$.