• 한국연소학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2014

Bottom ash from a coal-fired power plant is usually landfilled to a nearby site, which causes a growing environmental concern and increased operating costs. One way of recycling the bottom ash is to produce light-weight aggregate (LWA) using a rotary kiln. This study investigated the temperature profiles of raw LWA particles in a rotary kiln to identify the range of operating conditions appropriate for ideal bloating. For this purpose, a new simulation method was developed to integrate a 1-dimensional model for the bed of LWA particles and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the fuel combustion and gas flow. The temperature of LWA particles was found very sensitive to the changes in the air preheating temperature and excess air ratio. Therefore, an accurate control of the operation parameters was essential to achieve the bloating of LWA particles without excessive sintering or melting.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2020

The objective of this work is to numerically reveal the effect of equivalence ratio change on the simultaneous reduction of NO_X and soot emissions from the simulated-EGR compression ignition engine containing CO₂. An experiment was conducted by using a single-cylinder common-rail injection system engine, an intake control system, and exhaust emissions analyzers. The numerical analysis results were validated under the same experimental conditions. To investigate the effect of equivalence ratio by simulated-EGR containing CO₂, the O₂, N₂, and CO₂ mole fraction were changed in the initial air conditions to the cylinder. The results were analyzed in terms of peak cylinder pressure, indicated mean effective pressure, indicated specific nitrogen oxide, and indicated specific soot. It was revealed that ignition delay characteristics and heat release rate (ROHR) characteristics were not significantly different according to the equivalence ratio. However, as the equivalence ratio increased from 0.68 to 0.83, the maximum combustion pressure and IMEP decreased by about 6.5% and 9.4%, respectively. In the case of ISFC, as is well known, the trend is opposite of IMEP. In the case of ISNO, as the equivalence ratio increased, less NO was generated, and as the equivalence ratio increased by 0.05, the ISSoot value of about 10% increased.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.645-650
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• 2010

본 연구에서 울산 현대중공업 및 사천 유니슨에 설치사용 중인 공업용로의 연소문제 및 시스템을 분석하고 열효율 개선방안을 제시하여 연료절감 및 생산성 향상에 도움이 되고자 한다. 단조산업에 사용 중인 공업용로는 원소재의 가열 및 재료의 특성향상을 위한 설비로 운전조건 및 연소시스템에 따라 연료의 사용량 및 재료의 특성에 지대한 영향을 줄 수 있다. 따라서 현대중공업에 설치운전 중인 100톤 가열로 및 열처리로의 연소시스템의 특성을 분석하였다. 통상적으로 각 가열장치에 설치된 버너(Burner)는 용량에 맞는 공연비를 가지며 버너가 작동할 수 있는 Turndown ratio를 가지고 있다. 이는 각각의 공업용로 특성을 정하는 것으로서 가열성능 및 온도정밀도에 지대한 영향을 미친다. 용량이 큰 버너를 설치한 열처리로는 가열성능은 향상시킬 수 있어도 유지구간에서의 온도정밀도를 얻기 힘들다. 이에 버너의 성능을 최대한 발휘할 수 있도록 연소시스템을 개선하여 각 가열구간에 맞는 연소특성을 적용 분석한 현대중공업의 가열로 및 열처리로를 예시로 연료의 절감 및 온도정밀도를 향상시키도록 본 연구에서 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2007

Natural gas is one of the most promising alternatives to gasoline and diesel fuels because of its lower harmful emissions, including $CO_2$, and high thermal efficiency. In particular, natural gas is seen as an alternative fuel for heavy-duty Diesel Engines because of the lower resulting emissions of PM, $CO_2$ and $NO_x$. Almost all CNG vehicles use the PFI-type Engine. However, PFI-type CNG Engines have a lower brake horse power, because of reduced volumetric efficiency and lower burning speed. This is a result of gaseous charge and the time losses increase as compared with the DI-type. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of injection conditions (early injection mode, late injection mode) on the combustion phenomena and performances in the or CNG Engine. A DI Diesel Engine with the same specifications used in a previous study was modified to a DI CNG Engine, and injection pressure was constantly kept at 60bar by a two-stage pressure-reducing type regulator. In this study, excess air ratios were varied from 1.0 to the lean limit, at the load conditions 50% throttle open rate and 1700rpm. The combustion characteristics of the or CNG Engine - such as in-cylinder pressure, indicated thermal efficiency, cycle-by-cycle variation, combustion duration and emissions - were investigated. Through this method, it was possible to verify that the combustion duration, the lean limit and the emissions were improved by control of injection timing and the stratified mixture conditions. And combustion duration is affected by not only excess air ratio, injection timing and position of piston but gas flow condition.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.429-432
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• 2011

도시 폐기물 연료(RDF) 가스화 공정에서 생성되는 촤를 보조 연료로 사용할 수 있는지 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 연소실험을 수행하였다. RDF 촤의 고위 발열량은 3000~4000 kcal/kg이었고 염소 함량은 염소기준치함량보다 낮았다. 이는 보조 연료로서의 가능성을 보여주는 것이다. 연소 배가스에서, 최대 $NO_x$와 $SO_2$의 농도는 각각 240 ppm과 223 ppm이었다. 만약 후처리 공정이 적용되면, 이들의 농도를 대기 오염배출기준을 충분히 만족시킬 수 있게 낮게 제어 가능할 것이다. HCl의 농도는 상대적으로 높았으며, 이는 RDF 연소시 HCl 배출에 주의를 기울어야 함을 의미한다. 반응기 내의 온도 분포, $O_2$와 $CO_2$의 농도변화, 고체 잔사물의 양과 연소 손실로 미루어 볼 때, 과잉공기비가 1.3이 사용되었을 때 연소 반응이 가장 안정적이었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.853-858
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• 2001

The knowledge of flame structure is essential for control of combustion instability phenomena. Some results of an experimental study on mechanism of naturally occurring combustion oscillations with a single dominant frequency are presented. Tests were conducted in a laboratory-scale dump combustor at atmospheric pressure. Sound level meter was used to track the pressure wave inside the combustor. The observed instability was a longitudinal mode with a frequency of $\sim341.8Hz$. Instability map was obtained at the condition of inlet temperature of $360^{\circ}C$, mean velocities of $8.5\sim10.8m/s$ and well premixed mixture. It showed that combustion instability was susceptible to occur in the lean conditions. In this study, unstable flame was observed from stoichiometric to 0.7 in overall equivalence ratio. At selected unstable conditions, phase-resolved OH chemiluminescence images were captured to investigate flame structure with various mean velocities. As mean velocity is increased, the flame grows and global heat release was changed. Due to these effects, combustion instability can be maintained at more lean air-fuel ratio. Also, these results give an insight to the controlling mechanism for an increasing heat release at maximum pressure.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2007

Compression ignition of homogeneous charges in IC engines indicates possibilities of achieving the high efficiency of DI diesel engines with low level of NOx and particulate emissions. The objectives of this study are to further understand the characteristics of the HCCI(Homogeneous charge compression ignition) combustion and to find ways of extending the rich HCCI operation limit in an engine-like environment. DME fuel is supplied either in the form of premixture with air or directly injected in the combustion chamber of a rapid compression and expansion machine under the conditions of various equivalence ratio and injection timing. The cylinder pressure is measured and the rate of heat release is computed from the measured pressure for the analysis of the combustion characteristics. The experimental data show that the RCEM can operate without knock on mixtures of higher equivalence ratio, when DME is directly injected in the combustion chamber than introduced as a fraction of a perfect or nearly perfect premixture. Very early fuel injection timings usually employed in HCCI operation are seen to have only insignificant effects in control of ignition timing.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2006

On the refutation demanded for a control of various toxic substances. PCBs(poly chlorinated biphenyl) has a fatal poisonous matter in the ecosystem and the environmental pollution as it Is a kind of stable chemical substance. Especially, the gross Product of PCBs is estimated at about one million tonnage all over the world. However it is kept on storing in untreated state, then has a deterioration by the Prolonged storage and a risk of overflowing. Therefore, this research examined the fundamental characteristics of combustion and emission for the target of using the IPA (iso-propyl alcohol) solution as a part of PCBs control. IPA was filled to three kinds of Vessel, i.e. Vessel I, II, and III, and then was investigated as follows combustion shape, flame temperature. mass burning velocity, and PM(Particulate matter). A radial thermometer and a C-A thermocouple measured the flame temperature, and the optical extinction method by using He-Ne laser and the filter weight method used in the PM measurement. As a result, with an increasing of L/S ratio, the flame length become shorter and the burning velocity is more rapid, but the particulate matters is higher. It is supposed that the air flow rate is high on Vessel. and then the combustion is Promoted in the surface area of the upstream zone. The future works plan to investigate the characteristics with an using of the mixing of IPA and PCBs

• 오토저널
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.34-43
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to consider the performance and exhaust characteristics in the practical engine according to the cooling water temperature change of engine and to set up the optimum cooling condition and to obtain the optimum operating condition of thermostat in the cooling system. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, authors have used the following procedure. 1. This study is to investigate the influence of the cooling water temperature on the engine performance and the exhaust gas, authors regulated the cooling water temperature by using the special closing circuit and measured the concentration of exhaust gas by using the exhaust gas measuring system in the exhaust pipe. 2. This study carried out the experiment by regulating the opening degree of throttle valve and engine speed in the dynamometer and by changing the cooling water temperature, at the same time kept air-fuel ratio constant and made the spark ignition time MBT(Minimum spark advance for Best Torque) 3. This study measured the cooling water temperature by using the K-type thermocouple centring around the easy over-heated parts and by installing a special closing circuit. Therefore, in this study, authors intend to examine the influence of the cooling water temperature on the engine performance, exhaust gas and present the basic materials needed in the engine design including the optimum operating time control system for the cooling water temperature.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2008

The RI gasoline engine haying a sub-chamber had a high cycle variation due to the difficulty of the residual gas scavenge in the sub-chamber. To solve this problem and improve the combustion performance of RI engine, we devised a method to inject directly CNG fuel into the sub-chamber. A DI diesel engine of single cylinder was converted into a RI-CNG engine and an electronic control unit for the engine was manufactured. In this study, the combustion characteristics of the RI-CNG engine were investigated with the injection timings and air excess ratios at the load conditions of 50% throttle open rate and 1700rpm. As the results from this study, the RI-CNG engine worked reliably under the condition of the ignitable lean limit of $\lambda=1.7$ by showing the $COV_{imep}$ below about 5%. And the highest thermal efficiency could be obtained in the injection timing that produced the high imep and the low $COV_{imep}$ at the same time. The CO emission concentration indicated very low values and the THC and $NO_x$ showed an opposite pattern. With a view to improving the thermal efficiency and reducing the harmful emissions, the proper control region of the ignition timing and the mixture ratio were nearly ATDC $20^{\circ}\sim50^{\circ}$ and $\lambda=1.4$ respectively.