• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.84-93
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to provide fundamental informations that make it possible to use a cool stream and a hot stream simultaneously. We changed the pressure of compressed air that flows into a tube, the inner diameter of orifice that a cold stream exits, and the mass flow rate ratio. And in each case, we measured the temperature of a cold stream and a hot stream in each exit of a tube. Also we measured the axial temperature distribution and the radial temperature distribution in internal space of a tube. From the study, following conclusive remarks can be made. Average flow rate that flows into a tube is in proportion to square root of inlet pressure. As inlet pressure increases axial and radial temperature distribution in the inner space of vortex-tube increase. As mass flow rate ratio change, separation point moves.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 1992

A numerical procedure is introduced to calculate local ventilation effectiveness using the definitions of local decay rate and local mean age. A low Reynolds number $k-{\varepsilon}$ model is implemented to calculate steady state turbulent velocity distributions, and a step-down method is used to calculate transient concentration distributions. Simulations are carried out for several different values of air change rates and several different diffuser angles in a two-dimensional model of a half scale office room. The results show that the local ventilation effectiveness within a room could vary significantly from one location to another. The nominal air change rate based on the assumption of complete mixing of room air does not provide the local ventilation effectiveness information. It is numerically proved that the local mean age distribution obtained from the transient calculation is equivalent to the steady state concentration distribution with homogeneously distributed contaminant sources.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2020

It has been reported about the energy saving performance of UFAD(under floor air distribution) system and NPC(night purge cooling) system respectively which are applied for commercial buildings. However, when two systems are used at the same time, the effect of heat transfer from floor plenum to slab may vary depending on the operating conditions of NPC. In this study, cooling energy demands were analyzed for building models with UFAD and NPC by using TRNSYS 17 program. UFAD was applied as a cooling system of the base building model, and the cooling energy demands were compared for 64 cases in which the operating time, supply airflow rate, and outdoor air temperature(T_o) of NPC. As a result, it was confirmed that the cooling energy demands were reduced to 30 ~ 80% level compared to UFAD alone, and in particular, the energy demand was reduced in proportion to the supply airflow rate or the operating time while T_o was 16 ~ 20℃. However, when T_o was 22℃, the increase in the supply airflow rate or the operating time results in a disadvantage in terms of cooling energy demands. In addition, the cooling energy demands for UFAD+NPC model were analyzed by applying weather data from three regions with different average outdoor air temperatures. As a result, the cooling energy demand of operating NPC only when T_o was below 20℃ was reduced by 27% compared to that of operating NPC continuously for 8 hours.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1167-1174
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• 2004

The method to consider gravity effect on the performance of a condenser is developed, and a simple condenser having 'nU' type two circuits is analyzed. Each circuit has the same length and inlet air-side operational conditions. The only difference between two circuits is the direction of refrigerant flow, which is exactly opposite each other between the upper 'n' type circuit and the lower 'U' type circuit. It is shown that the gravity makes the distribution of refrigerant flow uneven in the two circuits at lower refrigerant flow rates; heat transfer rate also becomes uneven. Moreover, much of the refrigerant exists as liquid state in the circuit having low refrigerant flow rate, which will make the cycle balance unstable in the refrigeration cycle system like a heat pump.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.584-589
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• 2008

It is known that slab thermal storage which uses concrete slab as thermal material is effective in the load leveling and using the nighttime electric power. The temperature distribution is not constant in plenum in thermal storage time by beams, ducts such as several factor. It is considered that this fact will effect on efficiency of thermal storage and indoor thermal environment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the thermal environment inside plenum. A macro model was made for the analysis of indoor thermal environment as the first step. The flow rate distribution and temperature distribution of object room model was examined by use of basic equations such as airflow by the pressure difference between unit cells, heat flow by air and heat transfer.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1084-1091
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• 2004

In automotive air handling system, mixing of air streams by the cooler and the heater affects the comfort of cabin room. In the present study, computer-aided analysis is done to improve the thermal comfort and for the optimal design of automotive HVAC system. The simulation software used was FLUENT, and complicate geometries were created by three dimensional CAD. Air flow volume, fir distribution rate and temperature controllability and temperature differences between upper and lower discharge air are analyzed through numerical simulation at vent, floor and defrost mode. Also, velocity vector of sirocco fan is investigated through the scroll housing. The velocity vector magnitude is larger at lower region of fan than that at any other regions. Recirculation and disturbance of air is relatively high near the cut-off edge in the scroll housing. By using the results of this study, the time for prototype production can be reduced and timely decisions can be made to determine initial design directions.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.382-395
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• 1995

A numerical study has been performed on flow characteristics in a domestic refrigerator whose size is $540mm{\times}1,530mm{\times}680mm$, considering existence of a fan and evaporator. The flow field has been simulated with the low Reynolds number $k-\bar{\varepsilon}$ turbulent model and SIMPLE algorithm based on the finite volume method. The region of fan which makes driving force for cold air distribution was modeled as a region in which momentum sources are generated uniformly. The concept of the distributed pressure resistance was applied to describe the momentum loss from evaporator. The result showed that the rate of cold air distribution into freezing room and cold storage room was almost 7 : 3.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.886-893
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• 2000

A good understanding of the heat transfer distribution is very important to suppress the deformation of steel products. In this study, the local heat transfer coefficients are experimentally investigated to understand the heat transfer distribution of thick steel plates with even flat spray nozzle. The steel slabs are cooled down from the initial temperature of about $1000^{\circ}C$ , and the local heat transfer coefficients and surface temperatures are calculated from the measured temperature-time history. The results show that the local heat transfer coefficients of spray cooling are dominated by the local droplet flow rate, and in proportion to becoming more distant from the center of heat transfer surface, the local heat transfer coefficients decrease with the decrease of the local droplet flow rate.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5299-5303
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• 2014

Background: To explore etiology for providing scientific clues for the prevention of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: Data for lung cancer incidence and meteorological geographic factors from 25 counties in Zhejiang province of China during 2011 were studied. Stepwise multiple regression and correlation analysis were performed to analyze the geographic distribution and epidemiology of lung cancer. Results: 8,291 new cases (5,998 in males and 2,293 females) of lung cancer during 2011 in Zhejiang province were reported in the 25 studied counties. Reported and standardized incidence rates for lung cancer were 58.0 and 47.0 per 100,000 population, respectively. The incidence of lung cancer increased with age. Geographic distribution analysis shows that the standardized incidence rates of lung cancer in northeastern Zhejiang province were higher than in the southwestern part, such as in Nanhu, Fuyang, Wuxing and Yuyao counties, where the rates were more than 50 per 100,000 population. In the southwestern Zhejiang province, for instance, in Yueqing, Xianju and Jiande counties, the standardized incidence rates of lung cancer were lower than 37 per 100,000 population. Spearman correlation tests showed that forest coverage rate, air quality index (AQI), and annual precipitation level are associated with the incidence of lung cancer. Conclusions: Lung cancer in Zhejiang province shows obvious regional differences. High incidence appears associated with low forest coverage rate, poor air quality and low annual precipitation. Therefore, increasing the forest coverage rate and controlling air pollution may play an important role in lung cancer prevention.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.131-138
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• 1998

Flame characteristics in a double concentric burner has been studied experimentally. Air is supplied through a central nozzle, methane/air premixture is supplied in a inner annular part, and coflowing shield air is supplied to minimize outside disturbances. Depending on flow rate and concentration, various flame shapes can be observed. As the flow rate difference between central air jet and annular premixed jet is varied, several distinctive flames are observed. Conditions of partially premixed flames are further investigated; nozzle attached rich premixed flame, inner lifted flame, and outer lifted flame. Using the Abel transformation of digitized images of flames, cross- sectional images of flames can be obtained, from which overall structure of flames can be identified. PLIF measurement of OR radical was also conducted. OR radicals were mainly distributed in diffusion flame region. From the difference of OR distribution between nozzle attached and lifted flames, similarity of OR distribution between tribrachial flame and lifted flames in this study are observed.