• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제24권7호
• /
• pp.1065-1072
• /
• 2000

The molecular areas and the interfacial tension behavior of ten nonionic surfactants, i.e., Span 20 and Tween 20, 40, 60. 80, 21, 61, 81, 65, & 85 are tested to assay their effects on the wetting and liquid retention properties of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibrous materials. The molecular areas at water/air interface are derived from Gibbs’adsorption equations. The following conclusions are drawn from the results: 1) Span 20 is efficient in lowering the interfacial tension and effective in adsorption at the water/air interface, resulting in the low interfacial tension at critical micelle concentration (${\gamma}$$_{CMC}$) and a small molecular area($\omega$), 2) when the hydrophiles of the surfactants are constant, $\omega$’s increase as hydrophobe carbon numbers of the surfactants increase, 3) when the hydrophobes are constant, ${\gamma}$$_{CMC}$’s and $\omega$’s increase as the hydrophile ethylene oxide units increase, indicating effectiveness and efficiency is parallel in this case, 4) the ethylene oxide unit length as a hydrophile has greater influence on u than the hydrophobe chain length.han the hydrophobe chain length.gth.

• Journal of Photoscience
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 1998

The texture change of non-linear optical molecules at the air/water interface was investigated as a function of surface pressure with Brewster angle microscopy. The texture change resulted from the aggregation of dye molecules is important to understand the film uniformity and grain formation process. The 4-Octadecylhydroxy-4'-nitrostilbene (OHNS) generated the small spots of size around 1$\mu$m. The spots exhibit high contrast with other film area and do not show angle dependent reflectivity change. It is interesting to observe that the size of the domain stays the same as the film pressure increases. At high surface pressure, the contrast ratio of domains becomes high, which means dense packing of OHNS. And, the size of domain grows. In the middle of domain, highly contrasted domains are formed. The first and the second order transitions of OHNS observed from surface pressure-area isotherm result from the two types of grains. The N,N-Dihexadecylcyanoaniline (DHCA) formed highly contrasted gains over entire region, and the grains are the double layers. The difference in Langmuir film of OHNS and DHCA at the air/water interface is consistent with the small tilt angle from the surface normal for OHNS and the large tilt angle for DHCA in the Langmuir-Blodgett films.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.429-445
• /
• 2008

Two-phase compressible flow fields of air-water are investigated numerically in the fixed Eulerian grid framework. The phase interface is captured via volume fractions of each phase. A way to model two phase compressible flows as a single phase one is found based on an equivalent equation of states of Tait's type for a multiphase cell. The equivalent single phase field is discretized using the Roe‘s approximate Riemann solver. Two approaches are tried to suppress the pressure oscillation phenomena at the phase interface, a passive advection of volume fraction and a direct pressure relaxation with the compressible form of volume fraction equation. The direct pressure equalizing method suppresses pressure oscillation successfully and generates sharp discontinuities, transmitting and reflecting acoustic waves naturally at the phase interface. In discretizing the compressible form of volume fraction equation, phase interfaces are geometrically reconstructed to minimize the numerical diffusion of volume fraction and relevant variables. The motion of a projectile in a water-filled tube which is fired by the release of highly pressurized air is simulated presuming the flow field as a two dimensional one, and several design factors affecting the projectile movement are investigated.

• 접착 및 계면
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2012

공기-유리 사이의 계면에서 광학적 정보가 전달되는 메카니즘을 알아보기 위하여, 유리컵을 잡은 손가락 지문(골과 능선)의 선명도에 미치는 불완전 전반사(Frustrated Total Internal Reflection: FTIR)와 수분 효과를 이론과 실험을 통해 조사하였다. 물이 든 컵을 잡은 손가락의 경우, 지문이 아주 선명하였는데 이는 컵 바닥으로부터 출발한 빛이 유리벽에서 전반사(Total Internal Reflection: TIR)된 빛과 지문 능선에서 반사된 빛의 세기가 서로 달라서 나타남을 기하광학, Fresnel 이론, TIR 및 FTIR 현상을 이용하여 밝혀내었다. 또한 공기-유리 경계면에서 지문의 선명도에 미치는 FTIR과 수분 효과를 실험적으로 관측한 결과, 지문이 선명하게 보이는 현상은 FTIR 현상보다는 수분의 효과가 훨씬 더 지배적이라는 사실을 처음으로 규명하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제18권10호
• /
• pp.2675-2685
• /
• 1994

A study has been conducted to provide the experimental information for the velocity and temperature profiles of steam-air mixutre and to investigate their roles on the film condensation with wavy interface. Saturated gas mixture of steam-air was made to flow through the nearly horizontal$(4.1^{\circ})$ square duct of 0.1m width and 1.56m length at atmospheric pressure, and was condensated on the bottom cold plate. The air mass fraction in the gas mixture was changed from zero(W =0, pure steam) to one(W =1, pure air), and the bulk velocity was varied from 2 to 4 m/s. Water film was injected concurrently to investigate the effect of wavy interface on the condensation. The velocity and temperature profiles were measured by LDA system and thermocouples along the three parameters ; air mass fraction, mixture velocity and film flow rate. The profiles moved toward the interface with increasing steam mass fraction, mixture velocity and film flow rate. The Prandtl and Schmidt numbers were near one in the present experimental range, however there was no complete similarity between the velocity and temperature profiles of gas mixture. And the heat transfer characteristics and interfacial structure were coupled with each other.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
• /
• pp.121-123
• /
• 2001

We synthesized dendrimers containing light switchable units such as azobenzene group at the air/water interface. Their chemical structure was verified by using NMR study and UV spectroscopy. We firstly investigated the monolayer behavior and by light irradiation using $\pi$-A isotherm at the air/water interface. As a result, the monolayer of dendrimer with azobenzene group showed the reversible photo-switching behavior by the isomerization of azobenzene group in their periphery. This suggests that optical behavior and morphological change are affected by the functional group and the symmetric chain.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제14권7호
• /
• pp.789-795
• /
• 2000

Free-surface flows with an arbitrary deformation, induced by a submerged hydrofoil, are simulated numerically, considering two-fluid flows of both water and air. The computation is performed by a finite volume method using unstructured meshes and an interface capturing scheme to determine the shape of the free surface. The method uses control volumes with an arbitrary number of faces and allows cell wise local mesh refinement. The integration in space is of second order, based on midpoint rule integration and linear interpolation. The method is fully implicit and uses quadratic interpolation in time through three time levels. The linear equations are solved by conjugate gradient type solvers, and the non-linearity of equations is accounted for through Picard iterations. The solution method is of pressure-correction type and solves sequentially the linearized momentum equations, the continuity equation, the conservation equation of one species, and the equations for two turbulence quantities. Finally, a comparison is quantitatively made at the same speed between the computation and experiment in which the grid sensitivity is numerically checked.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.521-525
• /
• 1993

계면에서의 단백질 흡착 기작을 연구하기 위하여 여러 단백질의 A/W 계면에서의 흡착이 조사되었다. BSA intermediates들의 흡착결과는 단백질 2차, 3차 구조가 계면에서의 흡착기작에 영향끼친 것을 나타냈으며, succinylated ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$의 흡착에서는 순 음전하의 증가가 정전기적 상호작용에 영향끼침을 보여 주었다. 또한 ${\beta}-casein$의 흡착은 물 구조를 파괴하는 chaotropic 염 존재하에서 흡착속도가 떨어지는 것을 시사했다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.49-52
• /
• 1999

We studied on the ultra thin DMPC by Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) method. The $\pi$ -A isotherm of the DMPC was measured at the air-water interface varying with the compressing speed and amounts of solutions for spreading. DMPC molecules have one phosphatidylcholine head group and two long alky groups with carbonyl group. Displacement currents generated during the compression of monolayers of DMPC on the surface of water were investigated. The molecular arrangement of deposited films were evaluated by measuring the absorption with the UVspectrometer. And we made structures of metal(Au)/DMPC/Metal(Au) and examined electron through DMPC LB films by means of current-voltage(I-V) measurement .

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기화학회 1998년도 제1회 총회 및 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.16-16
• /
• 1998