• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2015

The presented research is about characterization of Cellulose Triacetate (CTA) based Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) which incorporated the commercial extractant Aliquat 336, Tributylphosphate (TBP) as modifier and 2-Nitro Phenyl Pentyl Ether (NPPE) as plasticizer, for the preparation of the membranes. Chemical and physical characteristics of the synthesized membranes especially membrane thickness and side difference effects were investigated. Different surface structures and membrane thickness affect the extraction efficiency of membranes. Membrane extraction experiments were studied where the glass-facing surface of the membranes placed next to feed phase and the air-facing surface to stripping phase. The membrane was characterized by means of AFM, FT-IR and SEM.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.223-236
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• 2013

The paper presents an experimental set-up for osmotic membrane distillation, which can be operated continuously for several weeks. NaCl solutions were used as an osmotic solution. The influence of osmotic solution concentration on the obtained permeate flux is presented. The experimental set-up was equipped with a system for the regeneration of dilute brine. The regeneration was carried out using a method of natural evaporation to the air surrounding the installation. The evaporation area was created by the Białecki rings, assembled in the form of tower. The obtained evaporation rate was sufficient to maintain a constant NaCl concentration (over 300 g/L), for air with the relative humidity in the range of 30-80%. Accurel PP S6/2 hydrophobic polypropylene membranes were used in the study. The membranes exhibited 100% rejection for 600 h of the process duration.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.414-421
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• 1999

Falling film rectification involves simultaneous heat and mass transfer between vapor and liquid interface. In the present work, the adiabatic rectification process of ammonia-water vapor on the vertical plate was investigated. The continuity, momentum, energy and diffusion equations for the solution film and vapor mixture were formulated in integral forms and solved numerically. The model could predict the film thickness, the pressure gradient, and the mass transfer rate. The effects of Reynolds number and ammonia concentration of solution and vapor mixture, rectifier length, and the enhancement of mass transfer in each phases were investigated. The stripping of water in vapor mixture occurred new the entrance of ammonia solution, which imposed the proper size of an adiabatic rectifier. Rectifier efficiency increased as film Reynolds number increased and as vapor mixture Reynolds number decreased. The improvement of rectifier efficiency was significant with the enhancement of mass transfer in falling film.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2000

Falling film rectification involves simultaneous heat and mass transfer between vapor and solution film. In the present work, the adiabatic rectification process of ammonia-water vapor by the falling solution film on the vertical plate was investigated. The continuity momentum, energy and diffusion equations for the solution film and the vapor mixture were formulated in integral forms and solved numerically, The model could predict the film thickness, the pressure gradient, and the mass transfer rate. The effects of Reynolds number and ammonia concentration of solution and vapor mixture, rectifier length, and the enhancement of mass transfer coefficient in each phases were investigated. The stripping of water in vapor mixture occurred near the entrance of ammonia solution, which imposed the proper size of an adiabatic rectifier. Rectifier efficiency increased as film Reynolds number increased and as vapor mixture Reynolds number decreased. The improvement of rectifier efficiency was significant with the enhancement of mass transfer coefficient in falling film.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.555-561
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• 2008

In air stripping of ammonia from the aqueous solution, a new removal model was presented considering the equilibrium principles for the ammonia in aqueous solution and between the aqueous and air phase. The effects of pH, temperature and airflow rate on the ammonia removal were evaluated with the model. In addition, the saturation degree of ammonia in air was defined and used to evaluate the effect of each experimental factor on the removal rate. As pH (8.9 to 11.9) or temperature (20 to 50 oC) was increased, the overall removal rate constants in all cases were appeared to be increased. Our presented model shows that the degrees of saturation were about the same (0.45) in all cases when the airflow condition remains the same. This result indicates that the effect of pH and temperature were directly taken into consideration in the model equation. As the airflow increases, the overall removal rate constants were increased in all cases as expected. However, the saturation degree was exponentially decreased with increasing the airflow rate in the air phase (or above-surface) aeration. In the subsurface aeration the saturation degree remains a constant value of 0.65 even though the airflow rate was increased. These results indicate that the degree of saturation is affected mainly by the turbulence of the aqueous solution and remains the same above a certain airflow rate.

• 청정기술
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 합성폐수로부터 암모니아 탈기 시 이유체 벤츄리형 선회 노즐이 장착된 제트 루프 반응기의 성능을 평가하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 이유체 벤츄리형 선회 노즐과 일반 노즐이 장착된 각각의 제트 루프 반응기를 이용하여 조업조건 변화에 따른 암모니아 제거효율과 총괄물질전달계수($K_La$)를 각각 얻은 후, 이를 통해 성능을 비교하였다. 운전변수로는 pH(pH = 10-12), 액체순환유량($Q_L=25-35L\;min^{-1}$), 공기유입량($Q_G=5-20L\;min^{-1}$)을 변화시키며 실험하였다. 실험결과, 동일한 조업조건에서 이유체 벤츄리형 선회 노즐(two-fluid venturi-type swirl nozzle, TVSN)이 장착된 제트 루프 반응기가 이유체 벤츄리형 일반 노즐(two-fluid venturi-type conventional nozzle, TVCN)이 장착된 제트 루프 반응기보다 암모니아 제거효율과 $K_La$가 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 이유체 벤츄리형 선회 노즐이 장착된 제트 루프 반응기에서 형성된 선회류 흐름에 의해 난류강도가 이유체 벤츄리형 일반 노즐이 장착된 제트 루프 반응기에 비해 높기 때문이라 판단된다. 또한, 실험조건 범위에서 $K_La$는 pH, 공기유입량 및 액체순환유량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히, 실험변수 중 공기유입량이 pH나 액체순환유량에 비해 $K_La$에 미치는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2009

In this study, a test has been carried out to solve the problem with ground granulated blast-furnace slag, low early strength & lack of supply and to find out a way to use as concrete admixture of the ultrafine blaine air cooling slag which is all disposed as the by product of air cooling slag and its test was conducted to the replacement rate of ultrafine blaine air cooling slag & mixing condition of every concrete admixtures by type for the purpose of obtaining later a basic data for practical use of the cement that used ultrafine blaine air cooling slag by conducting comparative analysis. If ultrafine-blaine air cooling slag is used to the concrete following the results, a high efficiency water reducing agent won't be needed much for flow acquisition due to a high increase in flow, and the stripping time of concrete form will be shortened thanks to the acquisition of early strength, And though, it has the problems with long term strength which is similar or a little lower than the 3 types of ground granulated blast-furnace slag, it's still applicable as the substitute materials for 3 types of ground granulated blast-furnace slag at 10, 15% replacement rate of ultrafine-blaine air cooling slag, at which it shows higher activation index than 3 types of ground granulated blast-furnace slag.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2008

Diffused Aeration System (DAS) 기법은 휘발성 유기 화합물들을 포함하고 있는 지하수를 양수하여 반응조 내에서 폭기시킨 후, 액체 내에 존재하는 오염물질을 기체로 전이시켜 오염물질을 대기 중으로 배출시키는 정화법이다. 본 연구에서는 지하수 내 TCE 농도가 높은 2개 지역을 선정하여 3회에 걸쳐 DAS 기법의 적용성 평가 시험을 실시하였다. 반응조에는 각각 17.1, 44.8, 76.5 1/min의 속도로 공기를 주입하였으며, 시험 중 지하수 수질의 변화와 반응조에서 배출되는 TCE의 농도를 측정하였다. 처리 후 배출되는 기체의 농도를 측정한 결과, TCE 농도는 6~8 min 만에 최고 농도로 배출되었고, 시간이 지날수록 천천히 감소하는 모습이 관찰되었다. TCE의 농도 변화는 공기 유입 속도에 따라 매우 큰 변화를 보였다. 또한, 액체에서 기체로의 총괄물질전달계수 ($K_La$)를 산정한 결과, test 1, 2, 3에서 각각 0.444, 1.158, 1.836 1/hr였으며, 이로부터 공기 주입률이 빨라지면 DAS의 효율성이 높아짐을 정량적으로 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2003

Effect of the air distributor pore size for the removal of aquacultural waste, such as protein, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) from sea water was investigated by using foam separator. With the increase of pore size of air distributor, removal rates and efficiency of protein decreased. Removal rate by commercial air stone was in the range between the removal rates by G2 and G4 sintered glass discs. Within the range of pore size distributor from Gl to G4, the removal efficiency of protein were ranged from 21 to $42\%.$ The changes of removal rates and efficiencies of TSS, COD and turbidity were similar to proteins. TAN was removed by stripping. The pore size of air distributor for a higher overall oxygen mass transfer coefficient and saturation efficiency provided the condition for higher protein removal rate. Also the foam separator could be used as an aerator.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2002

계면활성제를 사용하여 지하수의 표면장력을 인위적으로 감소하였을 때, 감소된 표면장력이 지하수 폭기시의 폭기 영향권 및 VOC 제거 효율에 미치는 영향을 실험실 규모의 실험을 통하여 규명하였다. 내경 9.5 cm, 길이 100 cm의 유리 컬럼에 계면활성제(sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) 및 toluene 100 ppm 포함하는 물로 채운 후 일정한 속도로 공기를 주입하였을 때의 toluene의 제거 속도를 측정하였다. 또한 같은 컬럼에 토양(모래)이 채워진 상태에서 동일한 실험을 반복하였다. 토양이 존재하지 않는 상태에서의 stripping에 의한 toluene의 제거 속도는 표면장력의 감소(계면 활성제 농도의 증가)에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 토양이 존재하는 경우에도 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 2차원 유리 상자에 모래와 SBS를 포함하는 물을 채운 후 일정한 공기 유속을 유지하였을 때, 폭기의 영향권(공기의 침투영역)은 물의 표면장력 감소에 따라 현저히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 SDS의 critical micelle concentration(CMC)보다 훨씬 낮은 농도에서 폭기 영향권이 최대화하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 연구결과는 폭기에 의한 지하수 오염물질 중, 특히 휘발성 유기오염물질의 제거 공정의 효율을 증대하는데 기여할 것으로 생각된다.