• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-75
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• 2014

Five on-road measurements were made using a mobile laboratory (ML) to characterize spatial and temporal air pollutant distributions over roads around a day-care center in urban area on 30 August 2013. Fixed monitoring was also done near the day-care center using the ML during the periods between on-road measurements. On-road air pollution monitoring route was classified into seven sections and three zones to identify severe polluted roads among many roads having different traffic volumes and directions. Typical pollutants emitted from vehicles such as $NO_x$, black carbon, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and submicron particles including nanoparticles were monitored using real-time instruments. Peak concentration episodes were frequently observed during the on-road measurements and most peaks were simultaneously monitored at four pollutants. Colored on-road air pollution map for each pollutant provides an insight on spatial air pollution distribution, showing heavily polluted roads and sections. Average on-road $NO_x$ concentration of each run was similar to that monitored at the nearest roadside air monitoring station.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.E
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• pp.397-400
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• 1993

The possible air pollution problems in a proposed underground highway are discussed using carbon monoxide (CO) as an indicator. Carbon monoxide concentrations in the underground highway depend on several factors, including the size of tunnel, the number of automobiles, the CO emission rate, and the tunnel ventilation rate. Using the estimated values, CO concentrations in the underground highway can be predicted. Without proper ventilation system, CO concentration in the underground highway can be dangerous level. However, the cost of operating the mandatory mechanical ventilation system may be tremendouslyy high and may be technically unrealistic to implement. If the underground highway is constructed with proper ventilation system, a continuous air pollution monitoring system with alarming function must be installed to alert personnel of serious air pollution built up in the underground highway. Traffic must be restricted, whenever the inside air pollution levels exceed agreed values. Short distances between evacuation exits are necessary for emergency situations or malfunction of ventilation system.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2002

This study has researched the indoor air Pollution in the school classrooms. It focused on the school classrooms in which the students take part in many loaming activities for a long time, not focused on the offices or underground facilities that have occupied the interest so far. First, I investigated the origination sources of indoor air pollution which influences on our health, and researched the data on the consequences of it on the human body. Second, I measured the indoor air Pollution level of the classrooms in which the students take part in activities. I selected CO, $CO_2,{\;}SO_2,{\;}NO_2$and $PM_{10}$ as the research items. Each two schools were chosen in the elementary schools, middle schools and high schools as the ones for measurement. And I distinguished the boys' schools from the girls' schools in the middle and high schools. CO, $SO_2{\;}and{\;}NO_2$were comparatively low comparing with the recommendation of the Ministry of Environment. But, $CO_2{\;}and{\;}PM_{10}$ exceeded the standard concentration in most schools and there was a difference between boys'classrooms and girls'classrooms about them. Also, it was different by the number of members a classrooms. Third, I made a questionnaire on the on the indoor air pollution. The questionnaire showed that many students feel the indoor air pollution directly and they are under the influence of it.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.593-604
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• 2017

The suspended particulate matter(PM) was measured in subway tunnel of Seoul Line 1 to 9 in order to evaluate the pollution degree and characteristics of the PM in the subway tunnel. Also, to analyze the effect of outdoor aerosol concentration on the PM concentration of subway tunnels, the ambient PM concentration around the subway station was extracted by spatial analysis using $PM_{10}$ data of Seoul air pollution monitoring network. Finally, in order to understand pollution pattern in the Seoul subway tunnels, cluster analysis was performed based on input data set such as PM levels in tunnel, tunnel depth, length, curvature radius, outdoor ambient air pollution levels and so on. The average concentration of $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and $PM_1$ on subway tunnels were $98.0{\pm}37.4$, $78.4{\pm}28.7$, and $56.9{\pm}19.2{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. As a result of the cluster analysis, tunnels from Seoul subway Line-1 to Line-9 were classified into five classes, and the concentrations and physical properties of the tunnels were compared. This study can provide a method to reduce PM concentration in tunnel for each pollution pattern and provide basic information about air quality control in Seoul subway tunnel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.397-400
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• 2007

Indoor air-conditioning system(IAS) using wireless sensor network serves to reduce the amount of pollution entering the room from outside and also the pollution that is generated indoor. Small-size and lower power wireless sensor node and sensor interface board was designed for indoor air-conditioning system in buildings of offices and industrial establishments. Many sensor nodes forms Ad-hoc network topology using simple forwarding routing to transmit polluting gas concentration data from different rooms to the indoor air-conditioning system. Sensor node analyzes pollution concentration in the each room and air-conditioning system performs to air-distribution and air-inhalation according to room's pollution by regulating the fan of indoor air-conditioning system. To reduce power consumption electrochemical gas sensor was used in the design. Thus the designed system can optimize state of indoor environment. Graphic user interface displays node sate, gas concentration and temperature of each room.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.609-614
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• 2019

Cloud seeding experiment has been proposed as a way to alleviate severe air pollution problem because, if successful, artificially produced precipitation through cloud seeding could scavenge out some portion of air pollutants. As a first step to verify the practicality of such experiment, seedability of the clouds observed in Seoul is assessed by examining statistical characteristics of some relevant meteorological variables. Analyses of 9 years of Korea Meteorological Agency Seoul station data indicate that as PM₁₀ mass concentration increases, cloud amount, liquid water path, and ice water path decrease, but the difference between temperature and dew point temperature tends to increase. Such finding suggests that cloud seeding becomes less feasible as air pollution becomes more severe in the Seoul metropolitan area, at least in a statistical sense. For some individual severe air pollution events, however, seedable clouds may exist and indeed cloud seeding experiments can be successful. Therefore, detailed investigation on cloud seedability for individual severe air pollution events are highly required to make a concrete assessment of cloud seeding as a way to alleviate severe air pollution problem.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.52-52
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• 1995

The temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric transmissivity and depletion rate of solar radiation are investigated, and are compared to the concentration of several components of air pollution. The length of the data span is 11 years from 1983 to 1993. The data of radiation and sunshine rate recorded at 20 meteorological standard stations were used, and in order to investigate a relationship between the depletion rate of solar radiation and air pollution, the concentration data of air pollution observed in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Taejon and Kwangju were compiled from 1991 to 1993. Regression coefficient a and b vary from 0.100 to 0.209, from 0.464 to 0.691, and their means are 0.163 and 0.533, respectively. Climatological atmospheric transmissivity is ranged from 0.68 to 0.83, and its mean is 0.75. Atmospheric transmissivity is relatively low in Pusan, Taejon, Kwangju and Inchon which have large population and are highly industrialized. However, that in Chinju, Mokpo, Cheju and Sosan appears to be large compared to the aforementioned stations. Insolation rate of clear days varies from 0.71 to 0.58, and its mean is 0.63. Insolation rate of Kangnung and Chinju are higher than those of Seoul and Pusan by 5%. From the correlation coefficients between depletion rate of solar radiation and air pollution concentration, the most significant factors related to the depletion rate of solar radiation is appeared to be TSP followed by $SO_2$. Ozone shows a negative correlation, End $NO_2$ does not show a obvious correlation with the depletion rate of solar radiation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.437-446
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• 1995

The temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric transmissivity and depletion rate of solar radiation are investigated, and are compared to the concentration of several components of air pollution. The length of the data span is 11 years from 1983 to 1993. The data of radiation and sunshine rate recorded at 20 meteorological standard stations were used, and in order to investigate a relationship between the depletion rate of solar radiation and air pollution, the concentration data of air pollution observed in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Taejon and Kwangju were compiled from 1991 to 1993. Regression coefficient a and b vary from 0.100 to 0.209, from 0.464 to 0.691, and their means are 0.163 and 0.533, respectively. Climatological atmospheric transmissivity is ranged from 0.68 to 0.83, and its mean is 0.75. Atmospheric transmissivity is relatively low in Pusan, Taejon, Kwangju and Inchon which have large population and are highly industrialized. However, that in Chinju, Mokpo, Cheju and Sosan appears to be large compared to the aforementioned stations. Insolation rate of clear days varies from 0.71 to 0.58, and its mean is 0.63. Insolation rate of Kangnung and Chinju are higher than those of Seoul and Pusan by 5%. From the correlation coefficients between depletion rate of solar radiation and air pollution concentration, the most significant factors related to the depletion rate of solar radiation is appeared to be TSP followed by $SO_2$. Ozone shows a negative correlation, End $NO_2$ does not show a obvious correlation with the depletion rate of solar radiation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.715-723
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• 2007

The air pollutant emission is mainly caused by line sources in urban area. For example, the annually totaled air pollutant emission is known to consist of about 80% of line sources in Daegu. Hence, the appropriate assessment on the air pollutants of line sources is very important for the atmospheric environmental management in urban area. In this study, we made a comparative study to evaluate suitable dispersion model for estimating the air pollution from line sources. Two air pollution dispersion models, ISCST3 and CALINE4 were the subject of this study. The results were as follows; In the assessment of air pollution model, ISCST3 was found to have 4 times higher concentration than CALINE4. In addition, actual data obtained by measurement and estimated values by CALINE4 were generally identical. The air pollution assessment based on ISC3 model produced significantly lower values than actual data. The air pollution levels estimated by ISCST3 were very low in comparison with the observational values.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2022

Background: Air pollution is increasing together with industrialization and urbanization. In order to reduce air pollution, public transportation is recommended rather than private cars, and the number of passengers using public transportation is increasing accordingly. This study observes the concentration of indoor pollutants in city buses over time. Through this means, we intend to suggest a plan to manage the indoor air quality in city buses. Objectives: The concentration of indoor pollution in public transportation was investigated from April 2021 to January 2022. Based on this, we evaluated the exposure to indoor pollutants. Methods: Six city bus lines in an industrial city were selected for the research, and indoor pollution was measured through IoT (Internet of Things)-based sensor-type measuring devices. The concentration of pollutants was measured every minute, and statistical data were constructed based on the measurement results. Results: In all the city buses studied, the average concentration of pollutants were below the guidelines. However, some measurement results showed cases of exceeding the guidelines. As a result of the analysis by time zone, there were more cases in which pollutants exceeded the standard value during rush hour compared to at other times. A risk assessment for PM₁₀ was performed by evaluating the excess mortality risk from exposure and the risk from inhalation exposure. Conclusions: All measured indoor pollutants in the city buses did not exceed the guidelines. Also, the risk assessment results were found to be within the level of safety. However, if a city bus is used for a long time, there is a possibility that there may be an impact on the human body due to inhalation exposure, so additional management is required.