• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.751-756
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• 2009

In the perspective of saving energy in buildings, the high performance of insulation and air tightness for improving the heating and the cooling efficiency, has brought economically positive effects. However, these building energy saving technologies cause the lack of ventilation, which is the direct cause of increasing the indoor contaminants, and is also very harmful to the residents, because they spend over 90% of their time indoors. Therefore, the ventilation is important to keep the indoor environment clean and it can also save the energy consumption. In this study, a HEPA type nano ceramic filter is designed as a passive ventilation system to collect airborne particles and to supply fresh outdoor air. The double layer filter, which has $30{\mu}m$ in diameter at the conditions of 10wt% of concentration and 3kV/cm of the electric intensity, is produced by electrospinning. The filtration coating technology is confirmed in the solution with $SiO_2$ nano particles using polymer nano fibers. Also double layer filters are coated with $SiO_2$ nano particles and finally the porous construction materials are made by sintering in the electric furnace at $200{\sim}1400^{\circ}C$. The efficiency is measured 96.67% at the particle size of $0.31{\mu}m$, which is slightly lower than HEPA filter. However the efficiency is turned out to be sufficient.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.896-902
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• 2015

Milking center wastewater (MCW) has a relatively low ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N ratio), which should be separately managed from livestock manure due to the negative impacts of manure nutrients and harmful effects on down-stream in the livestock manure process with respect to the microbial growth. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) is linked to inhibition of the second nitrification and reduces around 40% of the carbonaceous energy available for denitrification. Thus, this study was conducted to find the optimal operational conditions for the treatment of MCW using an attached-growth biofilm reactor; i.e., nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 0.14, 0.28, 0.43, and $0.58kg\;m^{-3}\;d^{-1}$ and aeration rate of 0.06, 0.12, and $0.24\;m^3\;h^{-1}$ were evaluated and the comparison of air-diffuser position between one-third and bottom of the reactor was conducted. Four sand packed-bed reactors with the effective volume of 2.5 L were prepared and initially an air-diffuser was placed at one third from the bottom of the reactor. After the adaptation period of 2 weeks, SND was observed at all four reactors and the optimal NLR of $0.45kg\;m^{-3}\;d^{-1}$ was found as a threshold value to obtain higher nitrogen removal efficiency. Dissolved oxygen (DO) as one of key operational conditions was measured during the experiment and the reactor with an aeration rate of $0.12\;m^3\;h^{-1}$ showed the best performance of $NH_4-N$ removal and the higher total nitrogen removal efficiency through SND with appropriate DO level of ${\sim}0.5\;mg\;DO\;L^{-1}$. The air-diffuser position at one third from the bottom of the reactor resulted in better nitrogen removal than at the bottom position. Consequently, nitrogen in MCW with a low C/N ratio of 2.15 was successfully removed without the addition of external carbon sources.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2015

This study aims to suggest wastewater treatment options for diaper recycling by identifying characteristic analysis of wastewater from diaper recycling process and efficiency evaluation of wastewater treatment units. The wastewater characteristic analysis showed that the concentration of organic pollutants and ionic materials were very high comparing to seawater. Through the investigation of similar wastewater treatment, six treatment units were identified to reduce pollutants. It is found UF(ultra-filtration), DAF(dissolved air flotation), fenton oxidation, electro-coagulation and chemical-coagulation are effective in reducing organic pollutants while membrane system and ion exchanger are effective in reducing ionic materials. Even though the target of water quality should be secured in terms of managing organic pollutants level, the application of treatment unit for reducing ionic material needs lots of considerations. This result suggests that reuse of pulping wastewater after controlling organic pollutants is better than direct discharge of pulping wastewater. To select the appropriate wastewater treatment unit, an economic analysis about operation condition, wastewater flow, cost, efficiency should be considered.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.150-150
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• 2016

Mankind is enjoying a great convenience of their life by the rapid growth of secondary industry since the Industrial Revolution and it is possible due to the invention of huge power such as engine. The automobile which plays the important role of industrial development and human movement is powered by the Engine Module, and especially Diesel engine is widely used because of mechanical durability and energy efficiency. The main work mechanism of the Diesel engine is composed of inhalation of the organic material (coal, oil, etc.), combustion, explosion and exhaust Cycle process then the carbon compound emissions during the last exhaust process are essential which is known as the major causes of air pollution issues in recent years. In particular, COx, called carbon oxide compound which is composed of a very small size of the particles from several ten to hundred nano meter and they exist as a suspension in the atmosphere. These Diesel particles can be accumulated at the respiratory organs and cause many serious diseases. In order to compensate for the weak point of such a Diesel Engine, the DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter) post-cleaning equipment has been used and it mainly consists of ceramic materials(SiC, Cordierite etc) because of the necessity for the engine system durability on the exposure of high temperature, high pressure and chemical harsh environmental. Ceramic Material filter, but it remains a lot of problems yet, such as limitations of collecting very small particles below micro size, high cost due to difficulties of manufacturing process and low fuel consumption efficiency due to back pressure increase by the small pore structure. This study is to test the possibility of new structure by direct infiltration of SiC Whisker on Carbon felt as the next generation filter and this new filter is expected to improve the above various problems of the Ceramic DPF currently in use and reduction of the cost simultaneously. In this experiment, non-catalytic VS CVD (Vapor-Solid Chemical Vaporized Deposition) system was adopted to keep high mechanical properties of SiC and MTS (Methyl-Trichloro-Silane) gas used as source and H2 gas used as dilute gas. From this, the suitable whisker growth for high performance filter was observed depending on each deposition conditions change (input gas ratio, temperature, mass flow rate etc.).

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2017

무기실리카 입자로 구성된 고탁도 원수를 처리하는 침지식 정밀여과 운전에서 휴민산과 2가 양이온의 존재유무에 따라 시간에 따른 파울링 저항을 관찰하였다. 공기폭기로 인한 무기실리카 입자의 파울링 감소효과는 휴민산과 칼슘이 혼합으로 존재 시 감소하였다. 파울링층의 전자현미경 관찰결과 칼슘의 존재 시 휴민산의 무기실리카 입자 표면흡착이 관찰되었다. 이는 멤브레인 표면에 조밀한 파울링층을 형성시켜 공기폭기 효과를 감소시킨 것으로 판단된다. 용액의 조성에 따른 고탁도 원수의 탁도 제거율에는 큰 변화가 없었으나 공기폭기량에 따라 칼슘과 무기실리카 입자의 혼합 존재 시 유기물질의 제거율은 80% 이상으로 증가하였다. 이는 공기폭기 하에 무기실리카 입자 표면에 흡착된 일부 휴민산들이 멤브레인 표면으로부터 함께 역수송 되어 유기물질 제거율을 증가시킨 것으로 사료된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.404-406
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• 2009

본 연구노트는 우리나라의 원천기술로서 개발된 녹조제거용 특수선박을 소개하고자 하였다. 녹조제거용 특수선박은 +자형으로서 크게 선박 본체와 탈부착 가능한 보조체로 구성되어 있다. 선박의 특징은 초경량 및 저홀수이다. 주요 세부장치는 흡입장치, 집수장치, 여과장치 및 수집장치의 4가지로 구성되어 있다. 이 중에서 여과장치는 스크린 필터(망목크기 30${\mu}m$)를 사용하였고 압축에어 분사작용에 의해 물과 녹조를 순수 분리 및 제거할 수 있다. 농축된 녹조입자의 함수율은 85%이었다. 최종적으로 녹조와 분리된 물은 하천과 저수지의 공공수역으로 배출된다. Chlorophyll-$\alpha$ 농도로 비교한 제거효율은 약 57% (유입수 83.2 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, 배출수 35.8 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$)이었고, 향후 녹조제거장치의 효율성 제고와 기술적 향상을 위해 다양한 조건(조류 생물량, 유량 등)에서 효과분석을 수행할 필요가 있다. 다발성 녹조발생 우심지역을 효과적으로 관리하고, 저수지 하류수역으로 확산을 방지하는 녹조현상의 사전예방체제 구축에 기여하고자 하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1002-1011
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the composition and diversity of the fungal flora at various control points in cheese ripening rooms of 10 dairy farms from six different provinces in the Republic of Korea. Methods: Floor, wall, cheese board, room air, cheese rind and core were sampled from cheese ripening rooms of ten different dairy farms. The molds were enumerated using YM petrifilm, while isolation was done on yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar plates. Morphologically distinct isolates were identified using sequencing of internal transcribed spacer region. Results: The fungal counts in 8 out of 10 dairy farms were out of acceptable range, as per hazard analysis critical control point regulation. A total of 986 fungal isolates identified and assigned to the phyla Ascomycota (14 genera) and Basidiomycota (3 genera). Of these Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium were the most diverse and predominant. The cheese ripening rooms was overrepresented in 9 farms by Penicillium (76%), while Aspergillus in a single farm. Among 39 species, the prominent members were Penicillium commune, P. oxalicum, P. echinulatum, and Aspergillus versicolor. Most of the mold species detected on surfaces were the same found in the indoor air of cheese ripening rooms. Conclusion: The environment of cheese ripening rooms persuades a favourable niche for mold growth. The fungal diversity in the dairy farms were greatly influenced by several factors (exterior atmosphere, working personnel etc.,) and their proportion varied from one to another. Proper management of hygienic and production practices and air filtration system would be effective to eradicate contamination in cheese processing industries.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2009

1. 여재순환장치는 사각프레임 형태로 설계 제작하였으며, 고액분리장치, 여재순환구 동축 및 날개, 압축공기 분사장치와 여재 및 액비배출장치로 구성되었다. 2. 고액분리한 돈슬러리를 장치에 투입하여 가동을 한 결과, 톱밥을 여재로 이용했을 때 $BOD_5$는 52.8, $COD_{Mn}$ 57.3, SS 26.9, T-N 71.0, T-P 30.9% 수준으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 왕겨를 이용한 경우에도 톱밥과 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 5회까지 순환시켜 침출된 액비의 비료 성분은 질소의 경우, 원슬러리에 비해 2/3 수준, 인산은 1/3 수준으로 줄어드는 경향을 나타냈으나, 칼리는 거의 변하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 침출액비의 악취 (암모니아, 황화수소)는 초기에 비해 상당한 수준으로 저감되었으며, 톱밥이 왕겨에 비해 비교적 효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 5. 여재순환장치 가동 전후의 돈슬러리내 미생물을 조사한 결과, 총세균과 부숙에 관여하는 것으로 추정되는 바실러스균은 증가하는 경향이었으며, 살모네라균은 급격하게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 6. 이상과 같은 결과로 볼 때, 악취저감 균질액비 생산장치를 이용하여 액비를 생산할 경우, 오염물질, 악취물질, 병원성세균 등이 감소하고, 부숙관여 유용미생물이 증가한 악취저감 균질액비 생산이 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2015

본 연구는 저에너지 방사선을 제거하기 위해 사용되는 구리 여과판의 디지털 방사선 장비에서 유용성을 분석하고자 선량, 화질평가의 융복합 연구를 실시하였다. 실험기간은 2015년 4월부터 6월까지 이었다. 관전압과 관전류 변화에 따른 구리 여과판 사용 전, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mm 의 선량을 평가하였다. 화질평가는 PSNR, MAE, MSE, CNR, SNR 정성적 평가로는 국가암검진 흉부 평가표의 해상, 대조도 평가 7문항을 이용하였다. 흡수선량은 16-88 % 정도 여과판 사용 전에 비해 측정치 낮아졌고, 관전압이 높아짐에 따라 격차가 작아짐을 알 수 있었다. PSNR은 30 dB이상으로 모두 의미 있는 수치였고, CNR, SNR은 여과판 미사용 시 우수했으나 정성적 평가에서는 항목마다 통계적 유의성이 달랐다. 0.1 mm 여과판에서는 폐혈관 관찰 부위에서 측정치가 높고, 0.3 mm도 밀도가 높고 공기가 많은 부위를 제외하고 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 구리 여과판은 좋은 선질과 디지털촬영 장비의 장점인 보정 능력 이용하여 더 적은 선량으로 화질을 향상 시킬 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.449-458
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• 2007

Research results for the pressure drop variance depending on operation conditions such as change of inlet concentration, pulse interval, and face velocity, etc., in a pulse air jet-type bag filter show that while at $3kg/cm^2$ whose pulse pressure is low, it is good to make an pulse interval longer in order to form the first layer, it may not be applicable to industry because of a rapid increase in pressure. In addition, the change of inlet concentration contributes more to the increase of pressure drop than the pulse interval does. In order to reduce operation costs by minimizing filter drag of a filter bag at pulse pressure $5kg/cm^2$, the dust concentration should be minimized, and when the inlet dust loading is a lower concentration, the pulse interval in the operation should be less than 70 sec, but when inlet dust loading is a higher concentration, the pulse interval should be below 30 sec. In particular, in the case that inlet dust loading is a higher concentration, a high-pressure distribution is observed regardless of pulse pressure. This is because dust is accumulated continuously in the filter bag and makes it thicker as filtration time increases, and thus the pulse interval should be set to below 30 sec. If the equipment is operated at 1m/min of face velocity, while pressure drop is low, the bag filter becomes larger and thus, its economics are very low due to a large initial investment. Therefore, a face velocity of around 1.5 m/min is considered to be the optimal operation condition. At 1.5 m/min considered to be the most economical face velocity, if the pulse interval increases, since the amount of variation in filter drag is large, depending on the amount of inlet dust loading, the operation may be possible at a lower concentration when the pulse interval is 70 sec. However, for a higher concentration, either face velocity or pulse interval should be reduced.