• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.187-194
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• 2002

This paper describes the experimental results on direct selective laser sintering of WC-Co mixture for rapid tooling. The experiments were carried out within an air, argon and nitrogen atmosphere. Coupons of single layer were sintered at various laser powers, scanning speeds and scan spacings. As the energy density (energy per unit scanned area) is increased, the thickness of coupons is increased. The main problem took place during sintering within an air atmosphere was severe oxidation of WC-Co mixture. As the laser power is increased and/or scanning speed is decreased, more severe oxidation occurred. Within an argon and nitrogen atmosphere the oxidation is reduced significantly. Experiments on multi-layer sintering were also carried out.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.661-669
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• 2002

Rapid tooling technique enables us to make dies and molds that produce prototype parts with the correct material at a substantially reduced cost and time. In this study, experiments on selective laser sintering of tungsten carbide-cobalt mixture were carried out to find optimal sintering conditions that will be applied to rapid metal tooling. The experiments were carried out within an air, an argon and a nitrogen atmosphere. Coupons of single layer were sintered at various laser powers, scanning speeds and scan spacings. Very severe oxidation took place within an air atmosphere. The oxidation is reduced significantly within an argon and a nitrogen atmosphere. The thickness of the sintered coupons is increased as the energy density, the laser energy Per unit scanned area, is increased. Several multi-layer sintering experiments were also carried out.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-4
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• 2006

The characteristics of Bi2212 round wire was systematically studied depending on different heat treatment conditions. Initial wire was drawn after routine PIT (Powder In Tube) process. The wire was divided into 3 pieces with 10 cm in length and 2.5 mm in diameter. 3 wires were pre-heat treated separately by different heat treatment schedules, heated in air and nitrogen atmosphere and centrifugally melted. Pre-heated wires were annealed at $845^{\circ}C$ for 40 hours in oxygen atmosphere. SEM results indicate that all pre-heated wires showed highly oriented microstructure. However the wire by centrifugally melted process showed higher density and better electric properties as compared with 2 other wires pre-heated in air and nitrogen atmosphere. The critical current of a centrifugally melted wire was about 18 A in 77 K.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.577-582
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this survey was to assess the concentrations of heavy metals in the atmosphere of Pocheon City by measuring heavy metals in the industrial complex area and at the city air measuring station, and also to assess the degree of impact that the industrial area has on urban air quality. Methods: Sampling was carried out between February 2018 and November 2018 at two sites in the industrial complex and in the city air monitoring stations. Results: At the industrial complex in Pocheon City, air pollutant emitting businesses were emitting concentrations of fine dust (PM₁₀) between 45 and 60 ㎍/㎥ higher than in the city air. The daily maximum concentrations of lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd) in the industrial complex are below the WHO recommendation standard (annual average), and the impact on the urban atmosphere is judged to be insignificant. Three to five percent of fine dust (PM₁₀) consists of metallic materials, and as the fine dust increased, metals were detected proportionally. Although cadmium (Cd) and beryllium (Be) were not detected in the city air in Pocheon and chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and arsenic (As) were found to be 50 percent or less, it is deemed that copper (Cu) was detected at unusually high levels due to unknown air pollutants, which requires regular heavy metal measurement and cause verification. Conclusions: An analysis of the heavy metals in the industrial zone and the urban atmosphere in Pocheon City in this study showed that the linear relationship of heavy metals in the industrial zone, or the direct impact relationship, on the heavy metals in the urban atmosphere could not be estimated. The sampling device for equivalent assessment of particulate matter installed at air pollution monitoring stations is highly likely to be used for analysis of fine dust and heavy metals.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.115-128
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• 2003

o What is the flux \ulcorner Flux is the transfer of a quantity per unit area per unit time. The quantities are mass, heat, moisture, momentum and pollutant in micrometeorology. Kinematic flux (Fluid). The reduction in wind speed due to frictional drag transfers momentum from the atmosphere to the surface, creating turbulence that mixes the air and transports heat and water from the surface into the lower atmosphere. (omitted)

• Korean Architects
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• v.3 no.9 s.9
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• pp.17-22
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• 1968

An air in the atmosphere is acting constantly without letup. In the air contains not only various kinds of harmful and harmless elements but also always water vapor. In propotion to temperature this vapor transforms atmospheric phenomena. Let's use the air in accordance with various uses in reasonable regulation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.405-415
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• 2016

We analyzed the micro-meteorological characteristics during typical steam fog over the Gumi Reservoir of Nakdong river with the field observation data for recent 2 year(1 April 2013~31 March 2015) collected by the national institute of meteorological research, KMA. Steam fog occur when the cold drainage flows over the warm water surface. As the sensible and latent heat from water are provided to the air, the instability of lower atmosphere is increased. The resultant vertical mixing of warm, moist air near water surface and cold air aloft causes the formation of status cloud. The convection strengthened by radiative cooling of the upper part of the stratus causes the fog to propagate downward. Also, the temperature at the lowest atmosphere is increased rapidly and the inversion near surface disappear by these processes when the fog forms. The increase of wind speed is observed because the downward transportation of momentum is caused by vertical mixing.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.622-627
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• 2016

The effects of the debinding atmosphere on the properties of sintered reaction-bonded $Si_3N_4$ (SRBSN) ceramics prepared by tape casting method were investigated. Si green tape was produced from Si slurry of Si powder, using 11.5 wt% polyvinyl butyral as the organic binder and 35 wt% dioctyl phthalate as the plasticizer. The debinding process was conducted in air and $N_2$ atmospheres at $400^{\circ}C$ for 4 h. The nitridation process of the debinded Si specimens was performed at $1450^{\circ}C$, followed by sintering at $1850^{\circ}C$ and 20 MPa. The results revealed that the debinding atmosphere had a significant effect on $Si_3N_4$ densification and thermal conductivity. Owing to the higher sintered density and larger grain size, the thermal conductivity of $Si_3N_4$ specimens debinded in air was higher than that of the samples debinded in $N_2$. Thus, debinding in air could be suitable for the manufacture of high-performance SRBSN substrates by tape casting.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 1993

A study on calcination and reduction of AUC(ammonium uranyl carbonate, (NH4)4UO2(CO3)3) has been carried out by using TG-DTA in N2, air and H2 atmospheres, respectively. Phases of various intermediate obtained during thermal analysis of AUC in different atmospheres were confirmed by XRD. Powder characteristics of each intermediate were investigated by measuring particle size and specific surface area, and also observed by SEM. As a results, regardless of applied atmosphere AUC was calcined into amorphous UO3, which was converted to $\alpha$-U3O8 Via $\alpha$-UO3 in both H2 and N2 atmosphere, but directly into $\alpha$-UO3 in air atmosphere. Further reduction of U3O8 was only detectable in hydrogen atmosphere. During calcination and reduction, average particle size was reduced to less than 30% of original value without morphology change. Specific surface area was dramatically increased with release of NH3, CO2 and H2O from AUC powder and reached maximum value around 25$0^{\circ}C$, and then gradually decreased with the increase of temperature due to sintering effect of uranium oxides such as UO3 and U3O8. It was also found that the change of average crystallite size and pore size were closely related to the changes of specific surface area of uranium oxides.

• Atmosphere
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.297-307
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• 2009

The synoptic structures and the dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of Changma in 2007 are investigated using the ECMWF analysis data and the radiosonde data from KEOP-2007 IOP. The enhancement of the North-Pacific High into the Korean peninsula and the retreat of the Okhotsk High are shown during the onset of Changma and the change of wind component from southwesterly to northwesterly is appeared during the end of Changma. The baroclinic atmosphere is dominant during Changma at most regions over the Korean peninsula except at Gosan and Sokcho. The quasi-barotropic atmosphere is induced at Gosan by warm air mass and Sokcho by cold air mass. Precipitation in the Korean peninsula occurs when dynamic instability is strengthened as the baroclinic and qusi-barotropic structure is weakened. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is performed to find the dominant modes of variability in Changma. The first EOF explains the onset of Changma. The second EOF is related to the discrimination for existence and nonexistence of precipitation during Changma period according to the alternation of equivalent potential temperature between middle and lower atmosphere.