• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.493-498
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• 2001

In the low velocity displacement air-conditioning system, the conditioned air is supplied from the diffuser placed on the wall near the floor and vented near the ceiling. This system has some advantages upon the traditional mixing system; the air quality near the people is improved by the displacing action of the system and the energy may be saved by neglecting the cooling or heating load for the upper space of the space above the people. This study is to examine the temperature and velocity distributions in the room and near the diffuser. It is found that the temperature is stratified uniformly all over the room space to show the displacing function of the system.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2006

Temperature of board surface was monitored during drying using an IR image measurement system. Boards were water-saturated and dried at the levels of four temperatures and three air velocities. At higher DB the surface temperature increased more steeply and level off period was significantly short. At the DB temperatures of 70, 80, $90^{\circ}C$ the period where the surface temperature was equivalent to WB temperature was constant regardless of air velocity while at $60^{\circ}C$ it decreased as air velocity increased. It was confirmed that a surface transfer coefficient increased with DB temperature. Variation of temperature profile on a wood surface increased with DB temperature and air velocity.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 1990

For efficient use of solar energy in plastic greenhouse, thermal storage system was developed. The system was constructed with the counter-flow type air-water heat exchanger using a thin polyethylene film as a medium of heat exchange parts. Experiments were carried out to investigate the heat exchange rate, optimum water flow rate, overall heat transfer coefficient, and the effectiveness of the counter-flow type air-water heat exchanger with polyethylene film bags. Mathematical model to predict air temperature leaving heat exchanger was developed. The results obtained in the present study are summarized as follows. 1. Heat exchange rate in the counter-flow type air-water heat exchanger with polyethylene film bags was compared to that of polyethylene film. Heat exchange rate was almost identical at air velocity of 0.5m/s on polyethylene film surface. But, heat exchange rate of heat exchanger with polyethylene film bag was $32{\sim}55KJ/m^2$ hr higher than that of polyethylene film at air velocity of 1.0m/s. 2. Considering the formation of uniform water film and the sufficient heat exchange rate of polyethylene film bags, optimum water flow rate in polyethylene film bags was $3.0{\sim}6.0{\ell}/m^2$ min. 3. The overall heat transfer coefficient of polyethylene film bags was found to be $35.0{\sim}130.0KJ/m^2\;hr\;^{\circ}C$ corresponding to the air velocity ranging 0.5 to 4.0 m/s on polyethylene film surface. And the overall heat transfer coefficient showed almost linearly increasing tendency to the variation of air velocity. 4. Mathematical model to predict air temperature leaving the heat exchanger was developed, resulting in a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values. But, the experimental results were a little lower than predicted. 5. Effectiveness of heat exchanger for the experiment was found to be 0.40~0.81 corresponding to the number of transfer units due to the variation of air velocity ranging 0.6 to 1.7 m/s.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1999

Ramjet 엔진에서 Ramjet 입구의 초음속 유동에 의한 압축과정은 연소기내로 유입되는 공기의 온도를 상승시킨다. 따라서 고도와 비행조건에 따라 변하는 실제비행조건을 모사하기 위해서는 공기의 온도와 속도를 정확하게 제어할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 Vitiated Air Heater를 제작하여 공기, 수소, 산소의 안을 변화시키면서 Vitiated Air Heater 연소가스(Vitiated Air)의 온도분포와 속도분포, 그리고 연소가스 성분을 측정함으로써 Vitiated Air Heater의 성능을 평가하였다. 그 결과 Ramjet 엔진의 지상실험범위에 요구되는 Ramjet 연소기 입구의 유입 속도범위(80~120 ㎧)와 온도범위(400~800 K)를 만족하였으며, 균일한 속도 및 온도분포로 대기공기와 같은 산소성분비를 가지는 Vitiated hir를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.22-33
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• 1984

Husk separator is an indispensable equipment in rice milling plants. However, any basic research on the designing and operating criteria of the husk separator have rarely been conducted in Korea. According to the survey results reported recently, grain loss occurs in the process of rice husk separation at custom rice milling plants in Korea and the performance of husk separator has also not been identified. With this regard this study was conducted with a typical commercial husk separator to investigate the effect of the operational factors such as feed rate, blower speed and opening ratio on the velocity distribution in the air duct and the performance of the separator. The results are summerized as follows: 1. The average wind velocity in the primary air duct increased linearly with the blower rpm and the size of air inlet port in both cases of double type and single type operations. 2. The coefficient of variation in the horizontal wind velocities in the primary air duct was the minimum when the opening ratio was 0.22 ($0.052m^2$ of air inlet port) in both cases of single type and double type operations regardless of the blower speeds used in this test. The average wind velocity at the upper part of air duct was greater by 2-5 m/s than the velocity at the bottom part in double type operation. In case of single type operation, however, the average velocity in the middle part was greater than the upper or bottom part when the opening ratio was greater than 0.74. 3. The relationship between the overall effectiveness of separation(Ed for double type and Es for single type) and the average wind velocity (Va) in the primary air duct was expressed in the following quadratic functions. $$Ed=-190.84+106.18Va-10.052Va^2$$ ($r^2$ = 0.97782) $$Es=-223.76+106.23Va-9.1935Va^2$$ ($r^2$ = 0.97029) The average wind velocity required to obtain the overall effectiveness of separation more than 80% ranged from 4.04 m/sec to 5.84 m/sec in case of double type operation, and from 4.70 m/sec to 6.20 m/sec in case of single type. 4. An optimum wind velocity can be obtained with an increase in the blower speed or the size of air inlet port as presented in Figure 8. There was a tendency that the faster the blower speed, the narrower the control range of the air inlet port. 5. The feed rates (1850kg/hr and 2100kg/hr) adopted in this experiment did not bring about a significant difference in both the overall effectiveness of separation and the power consumption. 6. The energy consumption increased cubically with the blower speed but linearly with the size of the air inlet port. On the basis of the results described in items 1, 3, and 6, it would be more economic to adjust the size of the air inlet port larger with a relatively low blower speed than to adjust the size smaller with a relatively high speed.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.614-622
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• 2011

In this study, a new tunnel ventilation method with a high velocity air curtain flow has been investigated for improving the ventilation exhaust efficiency and removing air pollutants in subway tunnels. At upper or lower position right downstream of a main duct connected with a ventilation opening, air curtain flows were suppled into the main duct where the air flow velocity was in the range of 2~6 m/s. Exhaust efficiency was monitored for both cases with and without air curtain flow for different air velocities, locations and injection angles of the air curtain. Particulate matter concentrations (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0) were also checked at both the main duct and ventilation opening before and after supplying air curtain flows. Lower air velocity of the main duct flow, higher air velocity of the air curtain led to higher exhaust efficiency and the air curtain condition of 30..inclined injection toward the main flow showed the maximum exhaust efficiency. The exhaust efficiency of about 24% without the air curtain could be improved to about 34% after using the air curtain flow. PM concentration decreased at the main duct and increased at the ventilation opening after using the air curtain flow. Therefore, the suggested method to use air curtain flows in tunnels will be probably one of the promising tools to reduce air pollutants in subway tunnels.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2004

속도계측형 호흡기류센서는 베르누이 원리에 의해 기류속도를 동압력으로 변환하여 호흡기류를 측정하는 센서로써 다수의 샘플링 구멍을 기류통과면 상에 설치해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 속도 샘플 구명들을 비균등하게 배치시킴으로써 단순하게 균등 배치하는 것보다 훨씬 정확한 기류 계측이 가능함을 이론적으로 입증하였다 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과 기류통과면을 다수의 등면적 링으로 분한하고 각각의 링의 면적을 다시 2등분하는 위치에서 속도를 샘플링함으로써 균등 배치할 경우에 비해 계측오차가 약 1/5로 감소하였다. 또한 충 샘플개수가 4개 이상이면 상대오차 1％ 이내의 매우 정확한 기류계측이 가능하였다. 기류 속도분포의 변화에 따른 영향을 비교한 결과 균등 샘플링에 비해 1/2 이하로 둔감하였다. 따라서 본 인구에서 제안하는 비균등 속도샘플링 기법은 속도 계측형 호흡기류센서의 설계시 매우 유용하게 적용될 것으로 판단된다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.318-328
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• 2003

Numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is performed to calculate the velocities and temperature profiles of air in adjacent to a worker within the individual local air conditioning system. The calculation domain is the space of ㄴ between walls and a worker in the climate room. The fresh air is supplied from the three different inlets located on the right, left and center wall in the climate room. In this study, the calculated data of velocities and temperature profiles of air in the nearest the skin of a worker are used to calculate the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) for evaluation of thermal comfort of a worker in the local air conditioning system. Because the data of veto-cities temperature profiles of air in adjacent to a worker and the PMV of a worker are the design parameters of the local air conditioning system. The results of calculation show that the fresh air velocity and injection position are closely related to the PMV value. In individual air condition system of ㄴ, the appropriate PMV are obtained when the fresh air velocity and position are 1.0 m/s, throat of a worker and are 1.5 m/s, head of a worker, respectively. The method of numerical calculation is effective to obtain the optimum velocity and position of the fresh air for optimum the PMV and energy saving in individual local air conditioning system.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1002-1009
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• 2004

Direct contact air conditioning systems, in which heat and mass are transferred directly between air and water droplets, have many advantages over conventional indirect contact systems. The purpose of this research is to investigate the cooling and heating performances of direct contact air conditioning system for various inlet parameters such as air velocity, air temperature, water flow rate and water temperature. The experimental apparatus comprises a wind tunnel, water spray system, scrubber, demister, heater, refrigerator, flow and temperature controller, and data acquisition system. The inlet and outlet conditions of air and water are measured when the air contacts directly with water droplets as a counter flow in the spray section of the wind tunnel, and the heat and mass transfer rates between air and water are calculated. The droplet size of the water sprays is also measured using a Malvern Particle Analyzer. In the cooling conditions, the outlet air temperature and humidity ratio decrease as the water flow rate increases and as the water temperature, air velocity and temperature decrease. On the contrary, the outlet air temperature and humidity ratio increase in the heating conditions as the water flow rate and temperature increase and as the air velocity decreases.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 1990

A Study has been conducted experimentally on heat transfer characteristics of louvered fin heat exchangers with various louvered positions in air. The experimental results are as follows; 1. Mean heat transfer coefficient is increased with increasing air velocity and decreasing temperature difference. The maximum value of heat transfer coefficient shows at 10㎜ backward louvered fins. 2. Pressure drop is increased with increasing air velocity and apparently depended on the louvered positions at V>10m/sec. 3. $\bar{h}/{\Delta}P$ is decreased with increasing air velocity and its maximum value shows at 10mm forward louvered fins and its minimum value shows at plate fins.