• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2009

In this study, the air pollution management system based GIS has been developed to estimate the emission rate and air pollution modeling of air pollutants, effectively. This system is able to estimate emission rate of air pollutant and to analyze the emission characteristics with high spatial and temporal resolution. air pollution modeling. The air pollution management system was applied to Gwangyang Bay including large industry complex with a large number of emission sources. The air pollution management system was constructed using the spatial database of emission sources in Gwangyang Bay. It was found that the estimated emission rates of air pollutants is similar to the emission characteristics in Gwangyang Bay. Also, the spatial distribution of pollutants was similar to the location of emission sources. The predicted results of air pollution model was showed a good correlation coefficient (0.75) for TSP. The air pollution management system is expected to be effective tool (database system (GIS)) for the management and the control of air pollution.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.656-665
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• 2012

Recently, yearly production of SRF (Solid Recovered Fuel) as an alternative fuel has been rapidly increasing because of the limited waste disposal, rise in oil prices and reduction of greenhouse gas emission. However, SRF using facilities are excluded from the National Air Pollutant Emission Estimation because SRF using facilities are not yet included among the SCC (Source Classification Code). The purpose of this research was to estimate the emission and emission factor of SRF using facilities' PM and $NO_x$, in order to investigate whether or not they are included in the National Air Pollutant Emission Estimation. The emission factors of SRF using facilities' PM and $NO_x$ are calculated as 0.216 kg/ton, and 3.970 kg/ton, and the emission was estimated based on the yearly total SRF usage of 2011. The results above was 18.7% for PM and 12.8% for $NO_x$ emissions from combustion facility (SCC2) in manufacturing industry combustion (SCC1) of CAPSS. If CAPSS estimate the emission by adding SCC on unlisted SRF in case of Boiler (SCC3) fuel, both PM and $NO_x$'s emissions would increase by 15.8% and 11.3% compare to the emissions for the existing combustion facility. As a result, emissions caused by SRF should be considered when calculating the National Air Pollutant Emission Estimation. In addition, further researches to develop emission factor and improve subdivided SCC should be done in the future, for the accurate and reliable estimation of National Emission.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.69-73
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• 2001

Due to the rapid increase of automobiles and daily driving distances, air pollution by automobiles is still dominant problem of large city in spite of strict emission refutation and development of reduction technologies. Among the air pollution resources of automobile , industry. electricity generation and heating. automobile keeps 51% of total nationwide air pollution in 1998 and this proportion Is increasing in large cities from 65% to 85%. To reduce these air pollution. catalytic converter and electronic engine control, exhaust gas re-circulation and evaporative emission control system have continuously developed and applied to automobiles since 1987. Also strong emission standards and emission durability warranty have enforced and monitored annually by sampling several vehicle models. But technologies and regulations are incomplete, driver should participate in reducing air pollution for himself by planning driving, avoiding unnecessary idle and air conditioning, keeping periodic maintenance and using mass transportation.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.278-291
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• 2011

Korea has experienced dramatic development and has become highly industrialized and urbanized during the past 40 years, which has resulted in rapid economic growth. Due to the industrialization and urbanization, however, air pollutant emission sources have increased substantially. Rapid increases in emission sources have caused Korea to suffer from serious air pollution. An air pollutant emissions inventory is one set of essential data to help policymakers understand the current status of air pollution levels, to establish air pollution control policies and to analyze the impacts of implementation of policies, as well as for air quality studies. To accurately and realistically estimate administrative district level air pollutant emissions of Korea, we developed a Korean Emissions Inventory System named the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS). In CAPSS, emissions sources are classified into four levels. Emission factors for each classification category are collected from various domestic and international research reports, and the CAPSS utilizes various national, regional and local level statistical data, compiled by approximately 150 Korean organizations. In this paper, we introduced for the first time, a Korean national emissions inventory system and release Korea's official 2007 air pollutant emissions for five regulated air pollutants.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2014

In this study, field measurement was carried out for reasonable improvement of asphalt concrete manufacturing facilities' PM emissions estimation method. Through those, this study calculated PM emission factor and tried to estimate PM emissions from asphalt concrete manufacturing facilities suitable for domestic characteristics. As a result, the efficiency of the PM control device was measured as 99.9%. Using this, uncontrolled PM emission factor was calculated. PM emission factor was calculated 10.97 kg/ton at 23 asphalt concrete manufacturing facilities of 22 workplaces. The PM current emission factor of the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) is 14.4 kg/ton, the factor calculated from this study is about 24% lower than the EPA standard.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1647-1661
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• 2011

The Government had devised legislation of Special Act and drew up guidelines for improving air quality in Seoul Metropolitan area. In 2007 local government of Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi conducted the results of application policy by reduced air pollutants emission for the first time. Although there was reduction of air pollutant emission in each local government, it was ineffective as expected using air pollution monitoring database. Therefore we worked out a way to prepare modeling input data using the results of enforcement plan. And we simulated surface $NO_2$ and PM10 before and after decrease in air pollutants emission and examine reduction effects of air pollution according to enforcement regulation except other influence, by using MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ system. Each local government calculated the amount of emission reduction under application policy, and we developed to prepare input data so as to apply to SMOKE system using emission reduction of enforcement plan. Distribution factor of emission reduction were classified into detailed source and fuel codes using code mapping method in order to allocate the decreased emission. The code mapping method also included a way to allocate spatial distribution by CAPSS distribution. According to predicted result using the reduction of NOx emission, $NO_2$ concentration was decreased from 19.1 ppb to 18.0 ppb in Seoul. In Gyeonggi and Incheon $NO^2$ concentrations were down to 0.65 ppb and 0.68 ppb after application of enforcement plan. PM10 concentration was reduced from 18.2 ${\mu}g/m^3$ to 17.5 ${\mu}g/m^3$ in Seoul. In Gyeonggi PM10 concentration was down to 0.51 ${\mu}g/m^3$ and in Incheon PM10 concentration was decreased about 0.47 ${\mu}g/m^3$ which was the lower concentration than any other cities.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.172-181
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• 2012

Mercury is one of the most hazardous air pollutants. Recently, mercury has been a concern in domestic and overseas because it has lethal toxicity, long distance transport, persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment. Stationary combustion sources such as coal-fired power plants, waste incinerators, and cement kilns are the major sources of mercury emissions. The objectives of this study were to measure the concentration for mercury from coal-fired power plants and to calculate emission factor to estimate its emission. The results showed that the mercury concentrations in the flue gas were 1.63-3.03 mg/$Sm^3$ in anthracite-fired power plants (average 2.32 mg/$Sm^3$) and 1.95-3.33 mg/$Sm^3$ in bituminous-fired power plants (average 2.6 mg/$Sm^3$). Mercury emission factor was estimated as 25.74 mg/ton for anthracite-fired power plants and 12.48 mg/ton for bituminous-fired power plants. Because actual measurements are limited in quantity, it is desirable to refine our estimates by extending the actual measurements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.50-65
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• 2003

Air pollution is very serious in China. This paper reviews the relevant research and countermeasures in China. The followings are focused in this article: 1) three major types of air pollutions: sulphur dioxide, vehicle emission and indoor air pollution; 2) the health effect of the three types of pollution; 3) major countermeasures adopted by Chinese Government.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2007

This study was carried out to estimate the emission reduction rates for the regional allowable emissions by special measures to achieve the target air quality in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). A modeling system was designed to validate the details in enforcement regulations set up by local governments based on the current status and plans for air quality improvement. Modeling system was composed of meteorological model (MM5), emission model (SMOKE), and air quality model (CMAQ). Predicted results by this system show quiet well not only daily air pollutants concentration but also the tendencies of wind direction, wind speed and temperature. To achieve the target air quality in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), emission allowances are estimated by seasons and regions. Referring to the base year 2002, it was estimated that emission reduction rates to achieve the intermediate goal in 2007 were 14.2% and 16.6% for NOx and $PM_{10}$, respectively. It was also estimated that 52% of NOx and 48% of $PM_{10}$ reductions from the base year 2002 would be required to accomplish the air quality improvement goal of 22 ppb for $NO_2$, and $40mg/m^3$ for $PM_{10}$ in year 2014. To improve $NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ concentration through emissions reduction policies, it was found that emissions reduction for the on-road mobile sources would be the most effective in SMA.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.507-516
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• 2010

Stationary combustion sources such as coal-fired power plants, waste incinerators, industrial manufacturing, etc. are recognized as major sources of mercury emissions. Due to rapid economic growth, zinc production in Korea has increased significantly during the last 30 years. Total zinc production in Korea exceeded 739,000 tons in 2008, and Korea is currently the third largest zinc producing country in the world. Previous studies have revealed that zinc smelting has become one of the largest single sectors of total mercury emissions in the World. However, studies on this sector are very limited, and a large gap in the knowledge regarding emissions from this sector needs to be bridged. In this paper, Hg emission measurements were performed to develop emission factors from zinc smelting process. Stack sampling and analysis were carried out utilizing the Ontario Hydro method and US EPA method 101A. Preliminary data showed that $Hg^0$ concentrations in the flue gas ranged from 4.56 to $9.90\;{\mu}g/m^3$ with an average of $6.40\;{\mu}g/m^3$, Hg(p) concentrations ranged from 0.03 to $0.09\;{\mu}g/m^3$ with an average of $0.04\;{\mu}g/m^3$, and RGM concentrations ranged from 0.23 to $1.17\;{\mu}g/m^3$ with an average of $6.40\;{\mu}g/m^3$. To date, emission factors of 7.5~8.0 g/ton for Europe, North America and Australia, and of 20 or 25 g/ton for Africa, Asia and South America are widely accepted by researchers. In this study, Hg emission factors were estimated using the data measured at the commercial facilities as emissions per ton of zinc product. Emission factors for mercury from zinc smelting pross ranged from 4.32 to 12.96 mg/ton with an average of 8.31 mg/ton. The emission factors that we obtained in this study are relatively low, considering Hg contents in the zinc ores and control technology in use. However, as these values are estimated by limited data of single measurement of each, the emission factor and total emission amount must be updated in future.