• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2023

The increasing incorporation of AI in video storyboard creation has been observed recently. Traditionally, the production of storyboards requires significant time, cost, and specialized expertise. However, the integration of AI can amplify the efficiency of storyboard creation and enhance storytelling. In Korea, AiSAC stands at the forefront of AI-driven storyboard platforms, boasting the capability to generate realistic images built on open datasets foundations. Yet, a notable limitation is the difficulty in intricately conveying a director's vision within the storyboard. To address this challenge, we proposed the application of image generation features from ChatGPT and Midjourney to AiSAC. Through this research, we aimed to enhance the efficiency of storyboard production and refined the intricacy of expression, thereby facilitating advancements in the video production process.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.693-696
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• 2021

강화학습에는 다양한 알고리즘이 있으며 분야에 따라 사용되는 알고리즘이 다르다. 게임 분야에서도 강화학습을 사용하여 인공지능을 개발할 때 특정 알고리즘이 사용된다. 알고리즘에 따라 학습 방식이 다르고 그로 인해 만들어지는 인공지능도 달라진다. 그러므로 개발자는 목적에 맞는 인공지능을 구현하기 위해 적절한 알고리즘을 선택해야 한다. 그러기 위해서 개발자는 알고리즘의 학습 방식과 어떤 종류의 인공지능 구현에 적용되는 것이 효율적인지 알고 있어야 한다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 게임 인공지능 구현에 사용되는 알고리즘인 SAC, PPO, POCA 세 가지 알고리즘의 학습 방식과 어떤 종류의 인공지능 구현에 적용되는 것이 효율적인지 비교한다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2004년도 Annual Meeting of the Korean Society ofApplied Pharmacology
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• pp.124-128
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• 2004

We have assessed amyloid ${\beta}-peptide$ $(A{\beta})-induced$ neurotoxicity in primary neurons and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHC) in rat. Exposing cultured hippocampal and cerebellar granule neurons to $A{\beta}$ resulted in a decrease of MTT reduction, and in destruction of neuronal integrity. Treatment of these neurons with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), also decreased MTT reduction in these neurons. S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), an active organosulfur compound in aged garlic extract, protected hippocampal but not cerebellar granule neurons against $A{\beta}$- or tunicamycin-induced toxicity. In the hippocampal neurons, protein expressions of casapse-12 and GRP 78 were significantly increased after $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ or tunicamycin treatment. The increase in the expression of caspase-12 was suppressed by simultaneously adding $1{\mu}M$ SAC in these neurons. In contrast, in the cerebellar granule neurons, the expression of caspase-12 was extremely lower than that in the hippocampal neurons, and an increase in the expression by $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ or tunicamycin was not detected. In OHC, ibotenic acid (IBO), a NMDA receptor agonist, induced concentration-dependent neuronal death. When $A{\beta}$ was combined with IBO, there was more intense cell death than with IBO alone. SAC protected neurons in the CA3 area and the dentate gyrus (DG) from the cell death induced by IBO in combination with $A{\beta}$, although there was no change in the CA1 area. Although protein expression of casapse-12 in the CA3 area and the DG was significantly increased after the simultaneous treatment of AI3 and IBO, no increase in the expression was observed in the CA1 area. These results suggest that SAC could protect against the neuronal cell death induced by the activation of caspase-12 in primary cultures and OHC. It is also suggested that multiple mechanisms may be involved in neuronal death induced by AI3 and AI3 in combination with IBO.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2004

산림토양에서의 황산이온 흡착은 식물의 흡수, 양이온 이동 및 산중화능 등 산림생태계의 황 동태에 중요한 영향을 미친다. 따라서 본 연구는 산림토양 중의황산이온 분포와 그와 관련된 황산이온 흡착이 어떠한 토양특성에 의해 영향을 받는지를 밝히기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 소나무와 신갈나무 임분으로 조성된 4개 산림지역을 대상으로 표토층과 심토층으로 구분하여 황산이온 흡착지표로서의 추출성 황산이온함량 및 황산이온 흡착능을 정량 한 후 관련 토양 물리화학적 특성인 pH. 양이온치환용량, 점토함량 및 Ai과 Fe 산화물의 종류별 함량과의 상관성을 분석하였다. 토양 중 추출성 황산이온 함량 및 황산이온 흡착능은 각 조사지별로 큰 차이를 보였으며 전체적으로 유기물 함량이 적고 Al 또는 Fe 산화물 함량은 많은 심토층이 표토층에 비하여 황산이온 흡착량이 많았다. 황산이온 흡착량이 많았던 심토층의$Al_d$와 $Fe_d$ 산화물 평균 함량은 각각 8.49와 $12.45g\;kg^{-1}$로 대체로 낮은 수준이었다. 황산이온 흡착지표들은 토양 pH, 양이온치환용량 및 점토함량과 대체로 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 반면에 유기탄소 함량과는 부의 상관성을 보여 산림토양 중에서 유기물이 황산이온 흡착에 대해 경합물질로 작용함을 알 수 있었다. Ai과 Fe 산화물 중에서는 $Al_d,\;Al_o,\;Al_p,\;Al_a$ 및 $Fe_a$가 황산이온 흡착지표들과 유의성 있는 상관성을 보였으나, $Al_c$와 $Fe_c$는 황산이온 흡착지표들과 상관성이 없었다. 황산이온 흡착지표인자들과 토양 pH, 양이온치환용량 및 비결정형 Ai 함량간의 정의 상관관계 결과는 토양산성화로 인해 산림생태계에서 황 동태에 기여하는 산림토양의 황산이온 흡착 능력이 저하될 수 있음을 반영한다.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.124-127
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• 2000

Femoral hernia is very rare in children and is easily misdiagnosed. During a period of three years, three children with femoral hernia were treated by one pediatric surgeon at Severance Hospital. Only one case was diagnosed correctly before surgery, and the others were thought to be either an indirect inguinal hernia or groin mass. Curative hernioplasty (McVay hernioplasty) could be done in only one case at the time of first operation. Diagnosis of femoral hernia in children is a challenge because of rarity and similarity of clinical presentation to indirect inguinal hernia. Co-incidental findings of indirect inguinal hernia sac or patent processus vaginalis during surgery can perpetuate the misdiagnosis. In case of absence of expected indirect inguinal hernia or apparent recurrence of indirect inguinal hernia, one should consider the possibility of femoral hernia.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2019

최근 에너지 인터넷에서 지능형 원격검침 인프라를 이용하여 확보된 대량의 전력사용데이터를 기반으로 효과적인 전력수요 예측을 위해 다양한 기계학습기법에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 전력량 데이터와 같은 시계열 데이터에 대해 효율적으로 패턴인식을 수행하는 인공지능 네트워크인 Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU)을 기반으로 딥 러닝 모델을 제안하고, 실제 가정의 전력사용량 데이터를 토대로 예측 성능을 분석한다. 제안한 학습 모델의 예측 성능과 기존의 Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) 인공지능 네트워크 기반의 전력량 예측 성능을 비교하며, 성능평가 지표로써 Mean Squared Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Forecast Skill Score, Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Normalized Mean Bias Error (NMBE)를 이용한다. 실험 결과에서 GRU기반의 제안한 시계열 데이터 예측 모델의 전력량 수요 예측 성능이 개선되는 것을 확인한다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.83-99
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• 1994

Ch'ang-Ts'al-Ts'un is a rural Village near Lung-jing City in Yen-pien Korean Autonomous Province of China. It was formed about 100 years ago by Korean Immigrants and has been developed maintaing the characteristics of traditional Korean architecture. Therefore investigating the spatial structure of this village is a meanigful work to confirm and explore one branch of Korean architecture. This study aims at analyzing the spatial structure of the village using direct data collected from the field work and indirect data from books and maps. The field work consists of on-the-site survey of the village layout, interviews of residents, observation notes and photography. Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un is located 360-370 m high above the sea level and at the side of a long valley. A river flows in the middle of the valley and relatively flat arable land exists at the both sides of the river. The location of the village related to the surrounding river and mountains suggests that the site of the village was chosen according to Feng-Shui, Chinese and Korean traditional architectural theory. The main direction of the house layouts is South-western. The village has been growing gradually until today. Therefore it is meaningful to make the village layout before Liberation(1946 A.D.) because the characteristics of Korean architecture prevailed more in that period. The area of the previous village is limited to the west side of the creek. New houses were later added to the east of the creek, forming a 'New Village'. Previously the village was composed of 3 small villages: Up, Middle and Down. Also the main access roads connecting the village with the neighboring villages were penetrating the village transversely. Presently the main access road comes to the village longitudinally from the main highway located in front of the village. The retrospective layout shows the existence of well-formed Territory, Places and Axes, thus suggesting a coherent Micro-cosmos. The boundary of imaginery territory perceived by present residents could be defined by linking conspicous outside places sorrounding the village such as Five-mountains, Front-mountain, Shin-dong village, Standing-rock, Rear-mountain and Myong-dong village. Inside the territory there are also the important places such as Bus-stop, Memorial tower of patriots, Road-maitenance building and the village itself. And inside it 5 transverse and 1 longitudinal axes exist in the form of river, roads and mountains. The perceived spatial structure of the village formed by Places, Axes and Territory is geometrical and well-balanced and suggests this village is fit for human settlement. The administrative area of the village is about 738 ha, 27 % of which is cultivated land and the rest is mountain area. Initially the village and surrounndings were covered with natural forest But the trees have been gradually cut down for building and warning houses, resulting in the present barren and artificial landscape with bare mountains and cultivated land. At present the area of the village occupied by houses is wedge-shaped, 600 m wide and 220 m deep in its maximum. The total area of the village is $122,175m^{2}$. The area and the rate of each sub-division arc as follow. 116 house-lots $91,465m^{2}$ (74.9 %) Land for public buildings and shops $2,980m^{2}$ (2.4 %) Roads $17,106m^{2}$ (14.0 %) Creek $1,356m^{2}$ (1.1 %) Vacant spaces and others $9,268m^{2}$ (7.6 %) TOTAL $122,175m^{2}$ (100.0 %) Each lot is fenced around with vertical wooden pannels 1.5-1.8 m high and each house is located to the backside of the lot. The open space of a lot is sub-divided into three areas using the same wooden fence: Front yard, Back yard and Access area. Front and back yards are generally used for crop-cultivation, the custom of which is rare in Korea. The number of lots is 116 and the average size of area is $694.7m^{2}$. Outdoor spaces in the village such as roads, vacant spaces, front yard of the cultural hall, front yard of shops and spacse around the creek are good 'behavioral settings' frequently used by residents for play, chatting, drinking and movie-watching. The road system of the village is net-shaped, having T-junctions in intersections. The road could be graded to 4 categories according to their functions: Access roads, Inner trunk roads, Connecting roads and Culs-de-sac. The total length of the road inside the village is 3,709 m and the average width is 4.6 m. The main direction of the road in the village is NNE-SSE and ESE-WNW, crossing with right angles. Conclusively, the spatial structure of Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un village consists of various components in different dimensions and these components form a coherent structure in each dimension. Therefore the village has a proper spatial structure meaningful and appropriate for human living.