• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2013

Through 1960 and 1970s, there had been constant endeavor in order to succeed the korean traditional architectural heritages. Among those efforts Ahn Yung Bae's book "Exterior Space in Traditional Korean Architecture"presented unique methodology utilizing abstraction of space and movement of subject. His method doesn't refer traditional form of architecture. He ignores formal elements. Instead, he reads space through subject's movement and this reading act creates meaning of space. So, he constructed knowledge not about the object of traditional architecture but the subject of today. Ahn's book opens new discourse based on traditional korean architecture. His analyses didn't deal with the form of traditional space, but the experiences of observer. However many historical documents related to architecture had not been interpreted until nineties and the succession of heritage became to be broken by modernity through 20th century. In this situation his book showed the unavoidable method, that is, the modernization of tradition.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2010

To evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of a water extract (KMF-WE) of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) fruit, we examined its ability to induce humoral and cellular immune response against keyhole limpet hemocyanine (KLH). Immunized mice with KLH admixed with KMF-WE (KLH/KMF-WE) showed significant induction of KLH-specific antibodies compared to mice immunized with KLH alone. The assay for determining isotypes of antibodies revealed that KMFWE augmented KLH-specific-IgG1 and -IgG2a production. In vitro T lymphocyte proliferation analysis against KLH revealed that the splenocytes of mice immunized with KLH/KMF-WE showed a significantly higher proliferative ability than those from mice immunized with KLH alone. The culture supernatants of splenocytes, which were harvested from mice immunized with KLH/KMF-WE, showed higher levels of both Th-1 type (IL-2, IFN-${\gamma}$) and Th-2 type (IL-4) cytokines in response to KLH stimulation compared to those from mice immunized with KLH alone. Also, in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) assay, mice immunized with KLH/KMF-WE showed a significantly higher reaction to KLH than mice treated with KLH alone. These results suggest that KMF-WE possess immunoadjuvant activity to enhance both antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses against protein antigens (KLH).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 1981

Paragonimus infection is prevalent in Korea, establishing several endemic foci. Kim(1969) reported an endemic area in Hyeonbuk Myeon. Yangyang-Gun, but thereafter no further epidemiologic study of Paragonimus infection was performed in the Gangweon-Do. Hoengseong-Gun is mountainous area which is located in the southwestern part of Gangweon-Do and borders with Hongcheon-Gun on the east, with Pyeongchang-Gun on the east, with Yeongweol-Gun and Weonseong-Gun on the south, and with Yangpyeong-Gun on west. The author carried out an epidemiologic study of Paragonimus infection by intradermal test with V.B.S antigen, and of intermediate host (crayfish) in Hoengseong-Gun, Gangweon-Do. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The positive skin test reaction to Paragonimus antigen was 14.5% from 2,807 examiness; 16.0% in male and 11.6% in female and no sex or age difference on the skin test positive reactions was noticed among the villages. 2. The positive skin test reactions were 31.3% in Gapcheon-Myeon, 20.5% in Cheongil-Myeon and 19.8% in Woocheon-Myeon. Primary school children in Byeongjibang-ri, Gapcheon-Myeon showed positive in 36.4%. 3. The prevalence by skin test reaction by social strata was 16.1% (226 out of 1,408) in primary school children, 12.8% out of 725) in middle school, 6.4% (11 out of 172) in high school students, and 15.3% (77 out of 502) in inhabitants of Heongseong-Gun. 4. Metacercarial positives of Paragonimus in crayfish were 20.9%. Through the survey results, it is postulated that Heongseong-Gun, Gangweon-Do is to be categorized as an endemic area of Paragonimus infection.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2008

Purpose: We designed a water-based bolus device for radiation therapy in Kaposi's sarcoma. This study evaluated the usefulness of this new device and compared it with the currently used rice-based bolus. Materials and Methods: We fashioned a polystyrene box and cut a hole in order to insert patient's extremities while the patient was in the supine position. We used a vacuum-vinyl based polymer to reduce water leakage. Next, we eliminated air using a vacuum pump and a vacuum valve to reduce the air gap between the water and extremities in the vacuum-vinyl box. We performed CT scans to evaluate the density difference of the fabricated water-based bolus device when the device in which the rice-based bolus was placed directly, the rice-based bolus with polymer-vinyl packed rice, and the water were all put in. We analyzed the density change with the air gap volume using a planning system. In addition, we measured the homogeneity and dose in the low-extremities phantom, attached to six TLD, and wrapped film exposed in parallel-opposite fields with the LINAC under the same conditions as the set-up of the CT-simulator. Results: The density value of the rice-based bolus with the rice put in directly was 14% lower than that of the water-based bolus. Moreover, the value of the other experiments in the rice-based bolus with the polymer-vinyl packed rice showed an 18% reduction in density. The analysis of the EDR2 film revealed that the water-based bolus shows a more homogeneous dose plan, which was superior by $4{\sim}4.4%$ to the rice-base bolus. The mean TLD readings of the rice-based bolus, with the rice put directly into the polystyrene box had a 3.4% higher density value. Moreover, the density value in the case of the rice-based bolus with polymer-vinyl packed rice had a 4.3% higher reading compared to the water-based bolus. Conclusion: Our custom-made water-based bolus device increases the accuracy of the set-up by confirming the treatment field. It also improves the accuracy of the therapy owing to the reduction of the air gap using a vacuum pump and a vacuum valve. This set-up represents a promising alternative device for delivering a homogenous dose to the target volume.