• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2002

The inductions of phase II enzymes, such as NAD(P)H : quinone reductase (QR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH) level and the inhibition of polyamine metabolism were tested for the chemopreventive potentials of the extracts from the soybean fermented with Agrocybe cylindracea (AC) or Phellinus igniarius (PI). The soybean fermented with AC or PI was potent inducer of QR activity in murine hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells. GST activities of the extracts from soybean fermented with AC or PI were higher than that of the extract from soybean not fermented with basidiomycetes. In addition, GSH levels of the extracts from soybean fermented with AC or PI were increased about 1.2 fold or 1.4 fold, respectively. In addition, proliferation of Acanthamoeba castellanii in a broth medium was inhibited by the extracts from soybean fermented with AC or PI at the both concentration of 20 and 40 mg/3 ml. These results suggest that soybean fermented with AC or PI may have chemopreventive potentials by inducing QR activity, increasing GSH and GST levels and inhibiting polyamine metabolism.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to examine physiological and cultural characteristics of two strains ASI 19003, 'Poplar field-cap mushroom' Agrocybe cylindracea, and ASI 19016, 'Chaxingo' A. chaxingu, at the bottle cultivation which have very similar morphological characteristics in genus Agrocybe. There was significant difference between the physiological and cultural characteristics of ASI19003 and ASI19016. The optimal temperature for the hyphal growth was $28^{\circ}C$ in the strain ASI19003 and $30^{\circ}C$ in ASI19016. The optimal pH was not different in two strains and these strains grew well at pH 5.5~7.0. But the optimal pH in the submerged culture was 5.5 in ASI19003 and 5.0 in ASI19016. Especially, hyphal growth of the strain ASI19016 was very poor at pH 6.0~7.3. The optimal carbon source for the growth was lactose in the strain ASI19003 and fructose in ASI19016, and nitrate sources were asparagine, alanine, and glycine in the strain ASI19003, and ammonium tartrate, asparagine, glycine, and alanine in ASI19016, respectively. The periods of incubation and fruiting body formation in the bottle cultivation during the spring were 27 and 13 days in the strain ASI19003, 29 and 17 days in ASI19016. The yields of fruit body were 114 g per bottle (850 $m{\ell}$ volume) in the strain ASI19003 and 100 g in ASI19016. In the summer, the periods of hyphal incubation and fruiting body formation were 29 and 11 days in the strain ASI19003, 30 and 12 days in ASI19016. The color of the cap in the ASI19003 strain according to temperature increase during the fruit body development become more pale, but the strain ASI19016 kept dark color relative to ASI19003. The fruiting body formation of the strain ASI19016 was faster than that of ASI19003. Accordingly, the cultivation of A. cylindracea ASI19003 during the spring, fall and winter, and A. chaxingu ASI19016 during the summer can keep high quality and stable supply all year round of these mushrooms.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

Studies were made to optimize the media composition and cultural condition for mycelial growth of Agrocybe cylindracea. Sawdust spawn of media composition for optimal growth was found to be pine sawdust combination of 30% wheat bran and poplar sawdust combination of 20% corn bran were the best of the optimal combination. The optimal concentration of white sugar was 1.0~1.5%. The nitrogen sources was found to be yeast extract and soybean powder. Also, optimal concentration were $0.7g/{\ell}$ and $0.1g/{\ell}$, respectively. The mineral sources of optimal medium compositions were $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O\;0.3g/{\ell}$, $KH_2PO_4\;0.5g/{\ell}$ and $K_2HPO\;1.2g/{\ell}$. Optimal amount of inoculum for cultivation of A. cylindracea were $20{\sim}25g/850m{\ell}$ and $25m{\ell}/850m{\ell}$ in the sawdust spawn and liquid spawn, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.2 s.73
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• pp.121-128
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• 1995

The characteristics of protein-bound polysaccharides (PBP) which were isolated and purified from the sawdust mycelia of Agrocybe cylindracea were investigated. The yield of crude protein-bound polysaccharides (Fr.CB) extracted with boiling water and precipitated with 95% ethanol, was 0.74% based on the original sawdust mycelia. The Fr.CB was purified by the membrane filtration, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The Fr.B fraction of which the molecular weight is over 300 KDa, was isolated from the Fr.CB using membrane filtration, and the yield was 38.6% based on the Fr.CB. This result indicates that high molecular protein-bound polysaccharides are the dominent components of the Fr.CB. Two fractions (Fr.B-1, Fr.B-2) were also isolated from the Fr.B using ion exchange chromatography, and the yields were 17.3% (Fr.B-1) and 10.3% (Fr. B-2), respectively. The Fr.B-1 was concentrated and gel-filtrated, and the single peak, thought to be nearly pure protein-bound polysaccharides, was obtained. The yield of final fraction $(Fr.B-1-{\beta})$ was 42.5% based on the Fr.B-1. The molecular weight of $Fr.B-1-{\beta}$ was nearly 710 KDa. The monosaccharides' composition of $Fr.B-1-{\beta}$ was analized by HPLC, and glucose was the dominent component, and fucose and galactose were also detected. The result of amino acid analysis was that glutamic acid and analysis were detected to a significant level, and cysteine was not detected.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 1990

The isolation and regeneration of protoplasts are necessary for protoplast fusion of edible mushrooms. In this study, over 5$\times$107 ml-1 protoplasts of Agrocybe cylindracea were isolated using the method described by Yanagi. Enzyme mixture of cellulase Onozuka R10(2%), chitinase (0.2%) and Novozym 234(0.1%) was most effective for the isolation of protoplasts and the yield of protoplasts was 4.85$\times$107 ml-1. 0.6M sucrose was the most effective osmotic stabilizer. The maximum amount of mycelia and yield of protoplasts were obtained from 5~7 days cultured mycelia. In the case of 5~7% days cultured mycelia, the digestion time with lytic enzyme was 4~6 hours. ACM and MCM medium were most effective for the regeneration and reversion of protoplasts, and reversion frequency was 6.9~7.0%. 0.6M sucrose was most stable osmotic stabilizer.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.161-165
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• 2011

Small scale mushroom growers take a lot of the costs in the bottle cultivation than the large scale growers. Therefore, they are not competitive in the market. Mushroom cultivation in small scale mushroom farm is labor-intensive and this experiment was carried out to establish the method for the cultivation of various kinds of mushrooms together under the similar conditions in the production system. As a result, the common medium were selected based on the growing conditions of Pleurotus eryngii and Agrocybe cylindracea, and the level of medium moisture content were studied. The results were shown below. When the medium in the input stage for bottle cultivation was filled by using automatic machine, the range of the three state rates in the bottle is different depending on ingredients and the mixing ratio. The optimum moisture content of the medium for some mushroom production was a different trend based on the medium cluster of the raw materials. The optimum moisture content for P. eryngii in the medium was 70% (douglas fir sawdust, rice bran or sawdust, dried bean curd refuse). In the medium containing douglas fir sawdust, wheat bran was 65%, and the medium including douglas fir sawdust, wheat bran, dried bean curd refuse was 67%. The optimum moisture content of the above three media for A. cylindracea was 70%. The suitable medium for the bottle cultivation of P. eryngii was selected as douglas fir sawdust 75%, wheat bran 20%, dried bean curd refuse 5%, and moisture content 67%. The medium of A. cylindracea was selected as douglas fir sawdust 75%, wheat bran 25%, and moisture content 70%. The suitable medium for bottle cultivation of P. eryngii and A. cylindracea was shown as douglas fir sawdust 75%, rice bran20%, dried bean curd refuse 5%, and 70% moisture content to be used as a common medium of the growing. The incubation period, primordial formation, and growth environment conditions of P. eryngii and A. cylindracea were a similar trend. Therefore, the small scale farmers of P. eryngii can cultivate A. cylindracea together with P. eryngii.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.52-63
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• 2019

Agrocybe spp. belongs to the Agaricales order, Bolbitiaceae family, and Agrocybe genus. In Korea, so far, it has been cultivated through bottle cultivation; therefore, this study was conducted for the development of a new cultivar using the bag cultivation method for quantitative improvement. Thirty-three gene resources of Agrocybe spp. were collected and their quantity and characteristics of bag cultivation were examined. Next, 5 kinds of crossing parents were selected based on the cultivation period and shape of the fruit body. Seven strains were selected through 3 cross combinations. The 7 selected strains and the comparative cultivar 'Cham' were cultivated in a bag. As a result, the cultivation period was 49 days for 'JBAC15-1' and 50 days for 'JBAC15-6' which are 4 days and 3 days less than the cultivation period of the comparative cultivar 'Cham'(53 days), respectively. Cultivation periods of other strains except for 'JBAC15-1' and 'JBAC15-1' were longer than that of the comparative cultivar'Cham'. The best ratio of primordia formation among the selected strains was found to be that of 'JBAC15-1' with 96.1% followed by 'JBAC15-6' with 94.5%. These rates were 3.1% and 1.5% higher than the ratio of primordia formation of the comparative cultivar 'Cham', which is found to be 93.0%. The quantity was maximum in the 'JBAC15-1' cultivar with 176.8 g per bag followed by 'JBAC15-6' with 168.7 g per bag. The quantities were 10% and 5% more than the comparative cultivar 'Cham' with 160.7 g per bag. Based on these results, 'JBAC15-1' and 'JBAC15-6', which had shorter cultivation periods and more quantities than the comparative cultivar 'Cham' were finally selected. For the selected strains of 'JBAC15-1' and 'JBAC15-6', mycelial growth was observed to be optimal on PDA medium and the optimum temperature was $27.5^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH was pH 5 for 'JBAC15-1' and pH 6 for 'JBAC15-6'. The color of the pileus of the fruit body was dark brown in 'JBAC15-1' and 'Cham' and light brown in 'JBAC15-6'. The pileus was hemispherical in shape in both 'JBAC15-1' and 'Cham'. However, the colors of the stem were different - light brown in 'JBAC15-1', white in 'JBAC15-6', and ivory in the comparative cultivar 'Cham'.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.346-349
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• 2001

The antimutagenic activity of polysaccharides extracted from soybeans fermented with Agrocybe cylindracea (AC) or Phellinus igniarius (PI) against 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidaxo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) was examined using a Salmonella/Ames test and host-mediated assay in mice. The polysaccharides from the soybeans fermented with A. Cylindracea and P. igniarius inhibited the mutagenic acitivity of the cooked food mutagen, MeIQx, by 31.2% and 35.3%, respectively. The polysaccharides also inhibited MeIQx genotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in micel. These results suggest that the polysaccharides from soybeans fermented with A. cylindracea or P. igniarius exhibit antimutagenic properties against MeIQx in vitro and in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.591-594
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• 2012

Effect of pulsed power was investigated on fruit body formation of 10 edible mushrooms, Lentinula edodes, Glifola frondosa, Pholiota nameko, Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus abalonus, Agrocybe cylindracea and Sparassis crispa. Pulsed power of 100-170 kV was directly charged to the substrate just before fructification. The effect of the pulsed power resulted to promote for 10 edible mushrooms fructification. The treatment especially stimulated the fructification on Pleurotus species.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2013

Recovery of ${\alpha}$-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), lignin peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.14), laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8), ${\beta}$-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37), ${\beta}$-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) and cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) from spent mushroom composts (SMCs) of Pleurotus cornucopiae, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Hericium erinaceum, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Agrocybe cylindracea, Lentinus lepideus, and Flammulina velvtipes were investigated using different extraction buffers. The maximum recovery of the enzymes was mostly detected in SMC extracts with tap water and 0.25% Triton X-100 by shaking incubation (200 rpm) for 2 h at $4^{\circ}C$. The xylanase (152 U/g) and laccase (8.1 U/g) activities were the highest in SMC extracts from F. velvtipes and P. eryngii. In addition, high enzymatic activities of ${\alpha}$-amylase (3.6 U/g) and cellulase (3.4 U/g) was detected in SMC extract of A. cylindracea. Futhermore, cellulase and laccase activities of SMCE from P. eryngii were compared to commercial enzymes.