• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1082-1095
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• 2019

Camera calibration is an important part of machine vision and close-range photogrammetry. Since current calibration methods fail to obtain ideal internal and external camera parameters with limited computing resources on mobile terminals efficiently, this paper proposes an improved fast camera calibration method for mobile terminals. Based on traditional camera calibration method, the new method introduces two-order radial distortion and tangential distortion models to establish the camera model with nonlinear distortion items. Meanwhile, the nonlinear least square L-M algorithm is used to optimize parameters iteration, the new method can quickly obtain high-precise internal and external camera parameters. The experimental results show that the new method improves the efficiency and precision of camera calibration. Terminals simulation experiment on PC indicates that the time consuming of parameter iteration reduced from 0.220 seconds to 0.063 seconds (0.234 seconds on mobile terminals) and the average reprojection error reduced from 0.25 pixel to 0.15 pixel. Therefore, the new method is an ideal mobile terminals camera calibration method which can expand the application range of 3D reconstruction and close-range photogrammetry technology on mobile terminals.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2021

In this article, withdrawal resistances of axially loaded self-tapping screws on wood products made by Korean Larch were predicted with existing estimation equation, and compared with experimental test data. The research was required because no design methodology for the withdrawal resistance of self-tapping screw is present in Korean building code (KBC). First, the withdrawal resistance of wood screw was predicted to use the withdrawal design value estimation equation in National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). Second, three types of wood products, solid wood, cross-laminated timber (CLT) and plywood, were utilized for withdrawal test. For decades, various engineered wood products have been developed, especially cross-laminated timber (CLT) and hybrid timber composites such as timber composites of solid wood and plywood. Therefore, CLT and plywood were also investigated in this study as well as solid wood. Finally, the predicted values were compared with experimentally tested values. As the results, the tested values of solid wood and CLT were higher than the predicted values. In contrast, it is inaccurate to predict withdrawal resistance of plywood since prediction was higher than tested values.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 1987

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2022

Drought becomes frequent and severe because of continuous global warming, leading to a significant loss of crop yield. In soybean (Glycine max [L.]), most of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analyses for drought tolerance have conducted by investigating yield changes under water-restricted conditions at the reproductive stages. More recently, the necessity of QTL studies to use physiological indices responding to drought at the early growth stages besides the reproductive ones has arisen due to the unpredictable and prevalent occurrence of drought throughout the soybean growing season. In this study, we thus identified QTLs conferring wilting scores and moisture contents of soybean subjected to drought stress in the early vegetative stage using an recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Taekwang (drought-sensitive) and SS2-2 (drought-tolerant). For the two traits, the same major QTL was located on chromosome 10, accounting for up to 11.5% of phenotypic variance explained with LOD score of 12.5. This QTL overlaps with a reported QTL for the limited transpiration trait in soybean and harbors an ortholog of the Arabidopsis ABA and drought-induced RING-D UF1117 gene. Meanwhile, one of important features of plant drought tolerance is their ability to limit transpiration rates under high vapor pressure deficiency in response to mitigate water loss. However, monitoring their transpiration rates is time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, only a few population-level studies regarding transpiration rates under the drought condition have been reported so far. Via employing an Arduino-based platform, for the reasons addressed, we are measuring and recording total pot weights of soybean plants every hour from the 1^st day after water restriction to the days when the half of the RILs exhibited permanent tissue damage in at least one trifoliate. Gradual decrease in moisture of soil in pots as time passes refers increase in the severity of drought stress. By tracking changes in the total pot weights of soybean plants, we will infer transpiration rates of the mapping parents and their RILs according to different levels of VPD and drought stress. The profile of transpiration rates from different levels of severity in the stresses facilitates a better understanding of relationship between transpiration-related features, such as limited maximum transpiration rates, to water saving performances, as well as those to other drought-responsive phenotypes. Our findings will provide primary insights on drought tolerance mechanisms in soybean and useful resources for improvement of soybean varieties tolerant to drought stress.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.375-384
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• 2006

농업－공동체 임업은 토지－나무－인간 사이의 관계를 폭넓게 포함하고 있으나 이 논문에서는 농업－공동체 임업활동이 베트남의 산지의 지속가능한 이용에 초점을 두고 있다. 농업－공동체 임업(AF와 CF)은 베트남에서 시급한 국가우선사항이 된 개발과 보전을 함께 고려할 수 있는 기능을 지닌 것으로 받아드려지고 있다. 베트남에서 AF와 CF를 동시에 지원할 수 있는 자원은 한정되어 있으며, 제약 사항은 위협적이고 시급한 상황이고, 황폐화가 진행될수록 복원은 어려워지는데, 농업의 생산성 감소에 따른 산촌주민들의 가족 부양을 위한 생태계 파괴도 가속화되고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이 연구는 농업－공동체 임업활동이 베트남의 산지 자원의 지속가능한 이용에 있어서의 연관된 문제들, 발전에의 제한요인, 특히 정책 제한요인을 분석하고 베트남 농업－공동체 임업 개발의 방향을 제시하고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.88-97
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• 2006

Wood flour (WF)-recycled polypropylene (RPP) composites composed of 50% WF of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume species, 50% RPP, various contents of maleic anhydride (MAH) modifier (0; 1; 2; 5; 5; 7.5; and lo%), and 15% dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator (based on MAH weight) were subjected to weather for 1 year and subterranean termite (Coptotermes cuwignathus HOLMGREN) and dry wood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus LIGHT) for 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. WF-RPP composites with 2.5% MA modifier had tensile strength, breaking elongation and Young's modulus about 2.2, 2.3, and 1.2 times, respectively higher compared to MAH-free composites. The WF-RPP composites with or without MAH modifier had 5.5 times higher resistance to weather compared to RPP film alone. The color of the WF-RPP composites with or without MAH modifier became lighter after exposures to the weather. The WF-RPP composites with or without MAH modifier are resistant to subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus HOLMGREN and dry wood termite Cryptotermecs cynocephalus LIGHT under the experimental condition adopted.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.259-267
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• 2012

To clarify the effects of black carbon (BC) particles on growth and gas exchange rates of Asian forest tree species, the seedlings of Fagus crenata, Castanopsis sieboldii, Larix kaempferi and Cryptomeria japonica were exposed to BC particles with sub-micron size for two growing seasons from 1 June 2009 to 11 November 2010. The BC particles deposited after the exposure to BC were observed on the foliar surface of the 4 tree species. At the end of the experiment, the amount of BC accumulated on the foliar surface after the exposure to BC aerosols were 0.13, 0.69, 0.32 and 0.58 mg C $m^{-2}$ total leaf area in F. crenata, C. sieboldii, L. kaempferi and C. japonica seedlings, respectively. In August 2010, the exposure to BC particles did not significantly affect net photosynthetic rate under any light intensity, stomatal diffusive conductance to water vapour ($g_s$), stomatal limitation of photosynthesis, response of $g_s$ to increase in vapour pressure deficit and leaf temperature under light saturated condition in the leaves or needles of the seedlings. These results suggest that the BC particles deposited on the foliar surface did not reduce net photosynthesis by shading, did not increase leaf temperature by absorption of irradiation light, and did not induce plugging of stomata in the leaves or needles of the seedlings. There were no significant effects of BC particles on the increments of plant height and stem base diameter during the experimental period and the whole-plant dry mass at the end of the experiment. These results indicate that the exposure to BC particles with sub-micron size for two growing seasons did not significantly affect the growth and leaf or needle gas exchange rates of F. crenata, C. sieboldii, L. kaempferi and C. japonica seedlings.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1998

Whole faba beans (WFB) were dry roasted at different temperatures (110, 130, $150^{\circ}C$) for 15, 30, 45 minutes to determine the optimal heating conditions of time and temperature to increase nutritional value. Ruminant degradation characteristics of crude protein (CP) of WFB were determined by the nylon bag incubation technique in dairy cows fed 60% hay and 40% concentrate. Measured characteristics of crude protein (CP) were soluble (washable) fraction (S), undegradable fraction (U), lag time (T0), potentially degradable fraction (D) and the rate of degradation (Kd) of insoluble but degradable fraction. Based on measured characteristics, percentage bypass crude protein (%BCP) and bypass crude protein (BCP in g/kg) were calculated. Degradability of CP was reduced by dry roasting (p < 0.01). S was reduced rapidly with increasing time and temperature, from 49.0% in the raw WFB (RWFB) to 26.3% in $150^{\circ}C/45$ min. D varied from 50.7% in RWFB to 73.7% in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$. U varied from 0% in $130^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$, $150^{\circ}/30^{\prime}$ and $150^{\circ}/45^{\prime}$ to 0.66% in $110^{\circ}/45^{\prime}$ (0.24% for the RWFB). Lag time (T0) varied from 1.58 h in $130^{\circ}C/30^{\prime}$ to 2.40 h in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$ (1.87 h for RWFB). Kd varied from 24.2% in the $110^{\circ}C/30^{\prime}$ to 4.3% in $150^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$ (21.4% for the RWFB). Kd was significantly reduced with time and temperature. All these effects resulted in increasing % BCP from 8.9% in the $110^{\circ}C/45^{\prime}$, 11.3% in the RWFB to 43.1% in the $150^{\circ}C/45$. Therefore BCP increased from 31.3 and 39.9 to 148.4 g/kg respectively. Both %BCP and BCP at $150^{\circ}C/45$ increased nearly 4 times over the raw faba beans. The effects of dry roasting temperature and time on %BCP and BCP seemed to be linear up to the highest values tested. Therefore no optimal dry roasting conditions of time and temperature could be determined at this stage. It was concluded that dry roasting was effective in shifting crude protein degradation from rumen to intestine to reduce unnecessary nitrogen (N) loss in the rumen. To determine the optimal treatment, the digestibility of each treatment should be measured in the next trial using mobile bags technique.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.357-377
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• 2010

The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(MAFF) of Japan established the aim which exports the agriculture, forestry and Fisheries products amounting to a trillion Yen until 2013 in 2004, endeavoring to realize the aim in strengthening both overseas publicity activities and domestic product system. Such changes means that the Japanese agriculture is exchanging defence into attack and gives a important meaning to our agricultures which have a similar agriculture base as Japan. The countermeasures for agricultural products export promotion by MAFF is greeting a 5th year now and obtains a considerable result in agricultural products exports and the export item. Meantime, There are also opinions that the Japanese agriculture has to make efforts to cut the product cost by a large margin in order to prepares a competitive power. we have to consider the counter-measure which will be able to accommodate harmoniously both of two facts that first, Japanese Export Promotion Strategy for agricultural products is giving a hope in the Japanese rural society which have been considered that remaking will be impossible until now, and secondly, the agricultural reform which the cutting of cost and price of agricultural products will be possible in has to be promoted.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

This study was carried out to establish a proper cultivation site and to diagnose the drought tolerance of Oplopanax elatus leaves by using pressure-volume curves. As a result of analysing data measured, the leaf of Oplopanax elatus showed the osmotic pressure at full turgor(Ψosat) was -0.77 MPa, and the osmotic pressure at incipient plasmolysis(Ψotlp) was -0.90 MPa. Then, the value of maximum bulk modulus of elasticity Emax was 3.7 MPa, showing that slightly lower drought tolerance of Oplopanax elatus. Furthermore, the values of relative water contents RWCtlp and RWC^* were above 80%, showing that the function of osmoregulation is somewhat better. Thus, responses to water relations such as Ψosat, Ψotlp, Emax, RWCtlp and RWC^* of Oplopanax elatus showed relatively lower drought-tolerance property indicating that those growth are appropriate in high moisture soil sites.