• Title/Summary/Keyword: Agricultural material

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Toxicity Assessment and Establishment of Acceptable Daily Intake of Fungicide Isotianil (살균제 Isotianil의 독성평가와 일일섭취허용량 설정)

  • Jeong, Mi-Hye;Hong, Soon-Sung;Park, Kynng-Hun;Park, Jae-Eup;Hong, Moo-Ki;Lim, Moo-Hyeog;Kim, Young-Bum;Han, Bum-Sook;Han, Jeung-Sul
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.490-498
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    • 2010
  • Isotianil is a fungicide which has prevention effects against rice blast disease. In order to register this new pesticide, the series of toxicity data on animal testing were reviewed to evaluate its hazards to consumers and to determine its acceptable daily intake. Isotianil was almost excreted by urine and feces. It has low acute oral toxicity while has no skin toxicity and ocular irritation. Its skin sensitization was evaluated as slight. Genotoxicity of parent compound and metabolite was negligible. Chronic toxicity tests on rats and dogs showed changes of hematology, clinical biochemistry and liver weight. It had no reproductive and teratogenic effects. The estimation of Acceptable Daily Intake(ADI) is based on the lowest no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). The lowest NOAEL of 2.83 mg/kg bw/day was found in the twelve-months rats study. The NOAEL was based on increased liver weight and treatment-related effect on clinica chemistry finding at the nest higher dose level of 2.83 mg/kg bw/day. Therefore, it is considered appropriated to apply an uncertainty factor of 100 to the NOAEL 2.83 mg/kg bw/day from the rat study, resulting in an ADI of 0.028 mg/kg bw/day.

Quality Properties of Baechu kimchi treated with Black Panax ginseng Extracts during Fermentation at Low Temperature (흑삼추출액을 첨가한 배추김치의 저온 저장 중의 품질 특성)

  • Mo, Eun-Kyoung;Kim, Seung-Mi;Yun, Beom-Sik;Yang, Sun-A;JeGal, Sung-A;Choi, Young-Sim;Ly, Sun-Yung;Sung, Chang-Keun
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.182-189
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    • 2010
  • To develop a new functional kimchi with cognition-enhancing properties, black Panax ginseng extract (0.5-5%, w/w) was added to a baechu kimchi preparation and the mixture stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Compared with control kimchi, the L values of ginseng-treated material were significantly decreased, but the a and b values were increased. The hardness value of ginseng-treated kimchi was significantly higher than that of control material from the $20^{th}$ day of storage. The edibility period of baechu kimchi treated with ginseng was prolonged by approximately 15 days compared with control kimchi. This resulted from decreases in the numbers of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts during the final stages of fermentation in ginseng-treated material. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by ginseng-treated kimchi was 2-fold higher than that of control material. A strong ginseng flavor and a bitter taste were evident in kimchi treated with 5% (w/w) ginseng, and sensory quality was thus decreased compared with control material. It was concluded that an appropriate concentration of black ginseng extract was 3% (w/w) in preparation of kimchi with a cognition-enhancing effect.

Comparing the mortality of Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) caused by entomopathogenic bacteria and Serratia marcescens (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae)

  • Kwak, Kyu Won;Han, Myung Sae;Nam, Sung Hee;Choi, Ji Young;Lee, Seok Hyun;Kim, Hong Geun;Park, Kwan Ho
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.40-44
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    • 2015
  • To investigate whether Serratia marcescens (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) acts as an opportunistic bacterium in peroral infection, the primary entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) and Paenibacillus popilliae (Eubacteriales: Bacillaceae) were added to sawdust to perform a bioassay experiment. We found that peroral infection caused by S. marcescens could be fatal beyond a concentration of $4{\times}10^8pfu/mL$ in $2^{nd}$ stage P. b. seulensis larvae and at $6{\times}10^8pfu/mL$ in $3^{rd}$ stage P. b. seulensis larvae. In particular, mortality resulting from a combination of P. popilliae and S. marcescens was markedly increased in $2^{nd}$ stage P. b. seulensis larvae. Therefore, we confirmed that mortality was increased when S. marcescens was infected together with other entomopathogenic bacteria, and that peroral infection itself can be fatal beyond certain concentrations.

Consumers' purchasing behavior and preference for small packaged apple (포장사과 구입실태 및 선호 분석)

  • Cho, Jae-Hwan;Lee, Han-Sung;Lee, Sang-Hak;Kim, Tae-Kyun;Hong, Na-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.151-159
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    • 2012
  • This paper analyzes the consumers' preference for packaged apple and derives the measures to vitalize the distribution of packaged apple. To do this, survey was conducted for consumers in large cities, Seoul, Busan, and Daegu to observe their purchasing behavior and satisfaction both for packaged and unpackaged apple. Survey was focused to how they are satisfied with several attributes of package such as size, appearance, content, material, and label. On the basis of the survey results, the values of the package attributes were estimated. Survey results show that consumers tend to buy unpackaged apple rather than packaged apple. About 34 percent out of 313 respondents have ever purchased apple packed with paper box while only 10.5 percent have an experience to buy packaged apple with transparent box. Most respondents answered they preferred the package of five to six apples and 1.3 kilograms most. They preferred mid or large size apple. Estimation of the values of the package attributes using the conjoint analysis shows that consumers are giving the highest value to the price of packing material. It means that consumers are reluctant to the extra payment resulted from packing the apple. Therefore, the efforts to reduce the cost of packing apple should be made steadily. In order to vitalize the distribution of small packaged apple, the package should contain high quality apple with high sugar content, proper size, good appearance, and so on. And it needs to be promoted to the consumers that small packaged apple are not inferior to apple packed with paper box.

Influence of microbial additive on microbial populations, ensiling characteristics, and spoilage loss of delayed sealing silage of Napier grass

  • Cai, Yimin;Du, Zhumei;Yamasaki, Seishi;Nguluve, Damiao;Tinga, Benedito;Macome, Felicidade;Oya, Tetsuji
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.33 no.7
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    • pp.1103-1112
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    • 2020
  • Objective: To measure whether a microbial additive could effectively improve the fermentation quality of delayed-sealing (DS) silage, we studied the effects of inoculants of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and cellulase enzyme on microbial populations, ensiling characteristics, and spoilage loss of DS silage of Napier grass in Africa. Methods: Quick-sealing (QS) and DS silages were prepared with and without LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum) inoculant, cellulase enzymes, and their combination. The QS material was directly chopped and packed into a bunker silo. The DS material was packed into the silo with a delay of 24 h from harvest. Results: In the QS silage, LAB was dominant in the microbial population and produced large amounts of lactic acid. When the silage was treated with LAB and cellulase, the fermentation quality was improved. In the DS silage, aerobic bacteria and yeasts were the dominant microbes and all the silages were of poor quality. The yeast and mold counts in the DS silage were high, and they increased rapidly during aerobic exposure. As a result, the DS silages spoiled faster than the QS silages upon aerobic exposure. Conclusion: DS results in poor silage fermentation and aerobic deterioration. The microbial additive improved QS silage fermentation but was not effective for DS silage.

Production Cost Analysis of Leaf tobacco farm Households (잎담배 재배농가의 생산비 분석)

  • Kim, Jai-Hong;Kang, Il-Tack
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.31 no.2
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    • pp.149-160
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    • 2004
  • This study had carried out an analysis of leaf tobacco production cost by cost items, growing stages, and farm sizes per 10a to provide the basic data for determination of the purchasing price of leaf tobacco by KT&G. Considering the survey results of 12 tobacco farm households, the composition rates of production cost by items revealed as 7-10% for land service, 5-22% for depreciation, 13-25% for material costs, 50-65% for labour cost respectively. The production cost of leaf tobacco by growing stages were shown as 15.3% in nursery bed period, 32.3% in main growing period in field, 30.8% in harvesting period and 21.6% in packing period. The magnitude of wage expenditure was appeared as harvesting stage, packing stage, growing stage on main field and nursery bed stage in order. The amount of material costs were revealed as the growing stage in main field, harvesting stage, nursery bed stage and packing stage respectively. The production costs of leaf tobacco per 10a by farm sizes were shown as 1,615,879won for small farm, 1,446,896won for medium farm and 1,454,408won for large farm respectively. The production cost of leaf tobacco had shown decreasing tendency according to increasing farm sizes. To promote the international market competitiveness of leaf tobacco producing farms, labour saving production technologies and cost effective farm size to decrease tobacco production cost should be developed.

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Clogging behavior of recycled aggregates and crushed stone as horizontal drains in soft ground (연약지반에서 수평배수재용 순환골재와 쇄석의 막힘 거동)

  • Lee, Dal-Won;Noh, Jae-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.253-260
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    • 2013
  • In this study, laboratory model test carried out to present the suitable range of particle size distribution and clogging behavior of recycled aggregates and crushed stone as horizontal drains in soft ground. The recycled aggregates and crushed stone showed clogging phenomenon because the top fill material and bottom clay inflow into the horizontal drains. The pp mat was the most effective method to minimize clogging phenomenon. The horizontal coefficient of permeability in case of installing the pp mat showed largely 2.1 times more than the case of not installing. When the pp mat is not installing, the thickness of fine grained soil inflow into the horizontal drains showed 6.7~13.3% range in top fill material and 3.3~6.7% range in bottom clay. Overall, the reduction of the discharge capacity by fine grained soil inflow showed small in recycled aggregates and crushed stone. Also, the appropriate criterion range of particle size distribution is presented to make use of a horizontal drains in soft ground on the basis of laboratory test.

Oviposition preference of Luciola lateralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) according to the material and color of artificial oviposition ground

  • Won-Jun Seo;Do-Hwan Jang;Sang-Eun Park;Young-Nam Youn
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.50 no.3
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    • pp.549-554
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    • 2023
  • The traditional oviposition ground for indoor breeding of Luciola lateralis is moss. This study was conducted to find the most suitable alternative oviposition ground that can maintain or increase the oviposition rate of L. lateralis while addressing the problems of larva collection time and larva loss that occur when moss is used. As alternative candidate oviposition ground comprising six colors of non-woven fabric and felt were used to measure the fecundity variation rate of L. lateralis with respect to the color and material of the oviposition ground. In addition, measure the fecundity variation rate of L. lateralis in moss, a traditional oviposition ground, was also measured and investigated for comparison. The investigation showed that the average number of eggs in the non-woven fabric group was higher than that in the felt group. The yellow non-woven fabric had an average number of eggs that was more than 100 times higher than of moss used as a traditional oviposition ground. In the space where the six color non-woven fabric were together, L. lateralis concentrated its oviposition on yellow. These results showed that yellow non-woven fabric can be sufficiently used for efficient indoor mass breeding of L. lateralis while addressing problems caused by moss, a traditional oviposition ground.

Analyses of subsurface drainage effects of farmland with respect to pipe and envelop material (관재료 및 피복재료별 농경지 암거배수 효과 분석)

  • 정상옥
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 1995
  • Analyses of subsurface drainage effects of farmland with respect to pipe and envelop material are made by the laboratory experiments using soil box to give basic information for the subsurface drainage system planning and design. Three different diameter PVC perforated pipes and a mesh pipe are used with envelop materials such as sand, rice bran, and crushed stone. Steady state subsurface drainage flow rate increased as envelop material changed from sand to rice bran and crushed stone. This indicates that as the hydraulic conductivity of the envelop material increases, the drainage flow rate increases. On the other hand, for a given envelop material, the mesh pipe which has the largest openning area shows the largest flow rate while small diameter PVC pipes show small flow rates. This tells that as the openning area and pipe diameter increase, the flow rate increases, too. Therefore, selection of pipe and envelop material should be made in accordance with the design drainage flow rate. Unsteady state subsurface drainage flow rate with respect to time differs for different envelop material. In case the sand was used as an envelop material, the small diameter PVC pipes show larger flow rates than the large diameter PVC pipe and mesh pipe. When the rice bran was used, the mesh pipe shows the largest flow rate, while small diameter pipes show smaller flow rates. In case the crushed stone was used as an envelop material, the large diameter PVC pipe and mesh pipe show larger flow rates, while small diameter pipes show a little bit smaller flow rates. However, the variation of flow rates among different pipes is the smallest when the crushed stone is used. The flow rate curve with respect to the pipe changes little for the crushed stone envelop which has a large hydraulic conductivity, while that changes much for the sand and rice bran envelops. However, it is difficult to draw a consistent relationship between the drainage flow rate and pipe for all the envelop materials. Since the subsurface drainage experiments are made only under the restricted laboratory condition in this study, further study including field experiment is required.

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