• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.970-975
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• 2009

The residual amount of 160 kinds of pesticide for multi-analysis methods were analyzed in Baechu cabbages throughout the year by GC/MS. We investigated the 160 kinds of pesticide residues in commercial Baechu cabbages monthly from October 2007 to September 2008. Over the 12 months, the residues were detected in the Baechu cabbages harvested and distributed only in July, August, October and November. The residual amounts were 0.01 ppm Bifenthrin, 0.04 ppm Chlorfenapyr, and 0.03 ppm Bifenthrin in July, October, and November, respectively, and 0.01 2 ppm Bifenthrin in August. All residues were below MRL. These results indicate that the commercial Baechu cabbages are comparatively safe from pesticide residues.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2011

This study was conducted to provide information for improving the quality characteristics of Buckwheat Soksungjang (BWS). We determined aminotype nitrogen content, total microbial flora counts, the population of Bacillus cereus, presence of volatile compounds, fibrinolytic activity, antioxidant activity, ACE inhibition rate, and a sensory evaluation. The aminotype nitrogen increased gradually during fermentation. We found a decreasing population of B. cereus during fermentation, thus, the edible period for BWS was more than 30 days after fermentation. Acetaldehyde, butanol, and pyrazine were detected as volatile compounds after fermentation. The fibrinolytic activities of a 10% BWS water extract were high at 120.8 units compared to the control (71.6 units). In a sensory evaluation, Soksungjang with 60% added BW showed a significantly higher score (p < 0.001) for color, taste, smell, texture, and overall. The results suggest that a new type of shortened fermented soybean paste had good safety, bioactivities, and sensory characteristics within 4 weeks.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.546-556
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• 2020

This study aims to provide basic data for food hygiene safety education by surveying the status of food hygiene safety awareness, attitude, and personal hygiene control of male and female college students in South Chungcheong Province, Republic of KOREA. From May 16 to June 30, 2019, 1,048 survey responses were collected at H University and analyzed statistically using SPSS 23.0. This study found males believed agricultural, livestock, and fisheries products (3.37, 3.08), and processed foods (3.40, 3.00) to be significantly safer, and information on food safety was easier to obtain (3.40, 3.00) than females. They were also more confident in choosing safe food (3.30, 2.97), than females. This indicates that males are more aware of food hygiene safety than females. On the other hand, females responded that they checked the expiration date (4.11, 4.40) and stored food according to characteristics (4.08, 4.30) than males, wash their hands after using the toilet(4.23 4.53) than males. This suggests that females were more aware of food hygiene attitudes and personal hygiene control than males. According to this study, college students' awareness of food hygiene safety and attitude, personal hygiene control showed a gender gap. Males had higher food hygiene safety awareness than females, but their awareness of food hygiene attitudes and personal hygiene control was lower. This suggests that differentiated food hygiene safety education is needed considering these gender differences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2013

The phytosocialogical study on the coastal sand dune vegetation of the East Coast was carried out. 180 phytosociological relev$\acute{e}$s of 62 sites in the East Coast were used in this study. In addition, already published syntaxa and the phytosociological hierarchy in Korea and Japan were used and comparative analyses of syntaxonomy, synecology, syngeography, and syndynamics were performed in the study. In this study, the flora was investigated 30 families, 66 genera, 77 taxa and 3 vegetation types were identified : the coastal drift-line annual communities (Calystegio soldanellae-Salsoletum komarovii), the dune glasslands communities (Elymo-Caricetum kobomugi, Carex kobomugi typical community, Elymus mollis community, Calystegia soldanella community, Zoysia macrostachya community, Cynodon dactylon community, Carex pumila community), and the dune shrubs communities (Linario-Viticetum rotundifoliae, Vitex rotundifolia community, Rosa rugosa community). The aspect of transition in the coastal sand dune vegetation of the East Coast were identified as follows : (1) reduced constancy degree and cover degree of Glehnia littoralis in each community; (2) lack of Ischaemum anthephoroides in Linario-Viticetum rotundifoliae (3) simplified species composition in Vitex rotundifolia community. Unstable habitat condition by external interference seemed to has caused the reduction of 2 taxa, Glehnia littoralis and Ischaemum anthephoroides, that usually grow in the second dune. In addition, we found changes in the distribution of the dune shrub communities influenced by rising temperature of the East Coast as results of the global warming. The results on the distribution of the dune shrub communities in this study demonstrated that the limit of the Rosa rugosa community made $0^{\circ}$ 44'N to the North and the vegetative limit of the Vitex rotundifolia community made $0^{\circ}$ 28'N to the North, respectively compared with the previously phytosociological studies. This study investigated the coastal sand dune vegetation, syntaxonomy, habitat condition and human disturbunce of the East Coast, and this will provide important information as basic data for the coastal ecosystem.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy among women worldwide, and women of reproductive age in Thailand. However, information on the behavior regarding cervical cancer in rural community Thailand is sparse. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding cervical cancer (CC) among rural community women in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, using predesigned structured questionnaires. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 8 villages of Non Sung district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand, during January to April 2015. Bloom's taxonomy was used as a framework for the study. 265 women aged between 30-60 years old were selected by simple random sampling. All participants completed predesigned questionnaires with 4 parts: demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding cervical cancer. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis in this study. Results: The majority of participants were in the age group of 41-50 years old (42.6%) with senior secondary school level of education (32.1%), marriage status (85.0%), agricultural employment (59.6%), and family income between 6,000-10,000 baht per month (54.3%). Some 63.4% and 68.7% participants had high knowledge and moderate level of attitudes regarding CC, while 41.1%, 48.7%, and 10.2% had neem regularly, irregularly or never screened for CC, respectively. The main reasons for not screening were were shyness (44.4%) and no time (55.6%). Vaginal discharge and itching were the common signs and symptoms of participants who were screened at a health promotion hospital of sub-district. Conclusions: CC is still a health problem in the rural community. Therefore, health education is required, particularly for those who have never undergone screening.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.227-238
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• 2020

Use of raw feedstuffs for livestock is limited by low digestibility. Recently, fermentation of feedstuffs has been highlighted as a new way to improve nutrient absorption through the production of organic acids using inoculated microorganisms, which can also play a probiotic role. However, standard procedures for feedstuff fermentation have not been clearly defined because the process is influenced by climatic variation, and an analytical standard for fermented feedstuffs is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and biochemical changes of feedstuffs during fermentation at temperatures corresponding to different seasons (10℃, 20℃, 30℃, and 40℃). We also investigated the effects of yeast, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and Bacillus spp. on fermentation and determined the results of their interactions during fermentation. The viable cells were observed within 8 days in single-strain fermentation. However, when feedstuffs were inoculated with a culture of mixed strains, LAB were predominant at low temperatures (10℃ and 20℃), while Bacillus spp. was predominant at high temperatures (30℃ and 40℃). A significant drop in pH from 6.5 to 4.3 was observed when LAB was the dominant strain in the culture, which correlated with the concentrations of lactic acid. Slight ethanol production was detected above 20℃ regardless of the incubation temperature, suggesting active metabolism of yeast, despite this organism making up a marginal portion of the microbes in the mixed culture. These results suggested that fermentation temperature significantly affects microbiological profiles and biochemical parameters, such as pH and the lactic acid concentration, of fermented feedstuffs. Our data provide valuable information for the determination of industrial standards for fermented feedstuffs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 2018

In terms of environmental friendly land use and objective environmental assessment, legislative assessment items of Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) consists of designated areas related to conservation and protection, and areas that are planned to be designated in the future. However, the gap with the reality due to omission of several protection areas and land use regulations, and assessment grades according to 3 division land use map of forest, agricultural land, and urbanized area, results in low application and utilization of ECVAM. Therefore in this study, the legislative assessment of the ECVAM was performed with new assessment items and its new ratings, to suggest an improvement in legislative assessment items of the ECVAM. As a result, legally protected areas of inhabited islands under absolute conservation, special wildlife protection districts, protected marine areas, environmental preservation sea areas, scenic spots, forest protection zone, traditional temple preservation zone, and 45 zone or district related to regulation of land use were additionally designated as new legislative assessment items. New grade ratings were given to each additional assessment items in consideration of the restrictions on acts. As a result of the legislative assessment based on the new assessment items and new grades, the 1st grade area increased by 3.47%, and the 2nd grade area increased by 19.35%. The 3rd grade area decreased by 8.54%, the 4th grade area increased by 2.95%, and 5th grade increased by 2.91%. In addition, the out-of-grade area decreased by 20.14%, considered to be a realistic assessment based on land use. With the improved legislative assessment, it is possible to provide a more accurate environmental assessment map. Increase usage of ECVAM is expected in providing regulations of land use and base data for integrated land management of land environmental planning.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.80-89
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• 2014

This study examined the nutritional components and physicochemical properties of small colored potatoes and small regular potatoes as a natural health food source. To accomplish this, the general and antioxidative contents of small colored potatoes and small regular potatoes were measured. Total contents of carbohydrates, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were 88.1%, 4.9%, 0.9%, and 6.4%, respectively. Small colored potatoes contained 76.5 kcal, while their total dietary fiber was 4.0%. Total proteins consisted of 17 different kinds of amino acids. Regarding their mineral contents, K was the most abundant mineral, followed by P, Mg, and Ca. Total phenol contents of the 70% ethanolic extracts of small colored potatoes were $48.2{\pm}1.2$ mg GAE/g. Total flavonoid contents of the 70% ethanolic extracts were $13.1{\pm}0.3$ mg RE/g. Overall, small colored potatoes had higher amounts of nutrients and physicochemical properties than small regular potatoes. The general nutrients and other antioxidant bioactive materials in small colored potatoes were also potential materials for good health food. It is expected that follow up studies of small colored potatoes through developing processed food and evaluation of their functional properties would provide useful information as a source of functional foods.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.5.1-5.8
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• 2015

Background: Korean native chicken (KNC) is a well-known breed due to its superior meat taste. This breed, however, owing to a low growth rate, has a high market price. In order to overcome this disadvantage, the National Institute of Animal Science (NIAS) in Korea developed a commercial KNC breed, named Woorimatdag version 2 (WM2), an upgraded version of the Woorimatdag (WM1) breed and the WM2 was created by crossing the KNC with meat type breeds. This study aims to discriminate between WM2 and other chicken breeds using microsatellite (MS) markers. Methods: A total of 302 individuals from eight Korean chicken populations were examined. The genetic diversity and population structure analysis were investigated using Cervus, API-CALC, STRUCTURE, PowerMarker programs. Results: Based on heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) values, 30 MS markers were initially selected from 150 markers. The identified average number of alleles (Na), expected heterozygosity, and PIC values for the WM2 samples were 7.17, 0.741, and 0.682, respectively. Additionally, the paternity of individuals was assigned with a success rate of greater than 99% using 12 markers, the best minimum number of markers. The 12 selected markers contained heterozygosity and PIC values above 0.7 and probability of identity values around zero. Using these markers, the determined probability of identity (PI), $PI_{half-sibs}$, and $PI_{sibs}$ values were 3.23E-33, 5.03E-22, and 8.61E-08, respectively. Conclusions: WM2 is well differentiated with respect to other chicken breeds based on estimated genetic distances. The results presented here will contribute to the identification of commercial WM2 chicken in the market.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.805-811
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• 2016

The present study was performed to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-proliferating activity of the water extract mixture of Cordyceps militaris (CM) and Allium tuberosum (AT). The water extract mixture rate of CM and AT was optimized by means of a sensory evaluation test. The optimized mixture rate were decided at 70% of CM, 30% of AT, and 10% of apple concentrate as an additive. The values of total acidity, pH, sugar contents, and turbidity of the water extract mixture were 0.1%, 4.28, 9.10 °Brix, and 1.48 respectively. The water extract mixture had effective DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power effect, and ABTS radical activity. DPPH radical activities of the water extract and the water extract mixture were 43.2% and 51.7% respectively; their reducing power (OD₇₀₀) was 1.14 and 1.43 respectively; and ABTS^.+ radical activities were 47.1% and 62.2% respectively. Also, the water extract mixture showed a higher anti-proliferating effect than the AT extract on human prostate cancer cells. These results provided experimental evidence that the water extract mixture of CM and AT is a better source of anti-oxidant and anti-cancer ingredients than a single extract of CM. In conclusion, the water extract mixture of CM and AT will be beneficial in development of a functional drink.