• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.535-549
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• 2016

The contract farming scheme of today is a new system that allows the forward and backward linkage of the agribusiness through vertical coordination while also leading the changes within the agri-food system. As contract farming of agricultural products becomes routine in both advanced and developing countries alike, it is gaining the attention of researchers in various fields, including geography. This research discusses the research trends and problems regarding contract farming through literary research on the research progress of foreign researchers on contract farming. The content of the research specifically includes explanations regarding the relationships between the rise of contract farming and changes in the agri-food system and discusses the basic theoretical foundations of contract farming. The research also defines the economic and environmental effects of contract farming and its purpose in regional development policies and concludes with discussions of the possible future research subjects on contract farming.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.213-220
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• 1997

A simple and rapid method known as matrix solid phase dispersion(MSPD) for simultaneous determination of 11 pesticide(2,4,5,6-tetrachlor m-xylene, ${\alpha}$-BHC, ${\gamma}$-BHC, ${\delta}$-BHC, aldrin, chlorfulazuron, heptachloroepoxide, dieldrine, endrin, endosulfan sulfate, and tetradifon) in beef fat was estabilished. Beef fat(0.5g) was fortified by adding the 11 pesticides and dibutylchlorendate as internal standard, and blended with 2g bulk $C_{18}$ in pestle and motar. Pesticides were eluted from an extraction column composed of $C_{18}$/ fat matrix blend and 2g activated Florisil by addition of 8ml acetonitrile. Then $2{\mu}l$ portion of the acetonitrile elute was directly analyzed by gaschromatography with electron capture detection. Unfortified blank control were treated similarly. Recovery rate were ranged from $83{\pm}5.4%$ to $94.2{\pm}7.6%$, intra-assay variability and inter-assay variability were ranged from 2.3% to 7.4%(n=5 for each insecticides) and from $6{\pm}1%$ to $12{\pm}3%$(n=10 for each insecticides), respectively. These results indicated that the MSPD methodology is aceptable for the extraction, determination and screening of residues 11 chroniated pesticides in beef fat.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.97-104
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• 2011

Analyses of export of agricultural products, so far, have not been an easy task because of the lack of direct data from exporting companies. Results obtained from indirect data are subject to criticism and have a restriction on general interpretation. This paper uses and analyzes the direct data from a chrysanthemum-exporting-company, leading to some conclusion that farms receive on average 72.3% of unit price but the share decreases by the distance to the company. Exporting farms have higher income ratio, compared to farms that sell flowers to domestic market. The analysis of unit price and cost shows that the profitability of exporting-company might be worsened if government subsidy is not in place.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.35-40
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• 1984

The ultraviolet absorption spectra of AcBr lignin (Acetyl Bromide lignin) from 10 species grown in Mt. Jiri were determined. There were 3 peak positions, at 249nm (max peak), at 267-268 nm (shallow min. peak) and at 280 nm (lower max. peak). The Bjorkman lignin and lignin sulfonic acid spectra had shoulders, but the AcBr lignin had not them. Average absorbances and absorptivities of the AcBr lignins at peak positions were $0.367{\pm}0.0015$, $24.56{\pm}0.0535$, at 249 nm, $0.278{\pm}0.0016$, $18.50{\pm}0.0569$, at 267-268 nm and $0.306{\pm}0.0016$, $20.42{\pm}0.0627$ at 280 nm, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.321-328
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• 1996

As a first step for improvement of breeding and productivity of Epimedii Herba, the patterns of components and the difference in icariin, a main component of this plant, in compliance with seasons and places of collection were evaluated by HPLC. As a result, the patterns of components in samples collected in July-September were shown to be markedly increased compared to those collected in May. Corresponding to the alternations of the pattern, the amount of icariin, which was estimated to be 0.017% in May was found to be increased markedly up to 0.82% in September. The samples collected at Chul-won district showed the highest icariin contents (0.94%), however, those collected in China was only 50% level (0.4%) of domestic ones. These results strongly suggest that the quality of Epimedii Herba might be quite different with respect to the seasons and places of the collection.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study was conducted to increase understanding of agriculture through agricultural experience programs for adolescents living in self-reliance residence hall, and to investigate changes in work performance ability through changes in hand function. Methods: There were 11 subjects, and the average age was 18.2 years, all males without disabilities. The agricultural experience program consists of a total of 10 sessions including orientation and watching videos on future agriculture, creating vegetable gardens, planting, managing each crop, harvesting, visiting the processing room, and selling at a local food store. Results: The change in agricultural literacy by the agricultural experience program positively improved from a score of 113.73 to 127.91 (p = .008). The changes by sub-item are as follows. The value and safety of agri-foods (p = .020) and agriculture and natural environment (p = .007) were significantly improved. The function and value of rural areas (p = .050), production of agricultural products (p = .160), processing and distribution of agricultural products (p = .248), and agricultural policies (p = .058) were not significantly changed. The simple function of the hands was measured by the number of pegs inserted during 30 seconds, and the assembly function was measured by the number of pegs inserted during 60 seconds. In the case of simple function, the dominant hand was improved from 14.82 to 15.83 (p = .014), andthe non-dominant hand was also significantly improved from 13.79 to 15.01 (p = .002). There was no significant improvement in the simple function (p = .153) and assembly function (p = .770) of both hands. Conclusion: It is considered that the agricultural experience program will enable youths living in self-reliance residence halls to enhance their understanding of agriculture as an occupation, and enable them to play a role as wise consumers by positively affecting improvements in their agricultural literacy and simple hand functions.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.295-301
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• 1998

Potential applications of irradiation technology inpostharvest handling of agricultural products have been documented over the past five decades. The biological effects of ionizing radiation on food were demonstrated to have the potential both of reducing the storage losses by controlling spoilage microoraganisms, insects, to have the potential both of reducing the storge losses by controlling spoiliage microorganisms, insects, sprouting and ripening, and of improving the hygienic quality of raw and processed products. Food irradiation is recognized as a physical and cold process using gamma-rays from radioisotope sources and electron-beam from the accelerator. As one of the technologies or techniques for preserving and improving the safety of food, irradiated technology has been approved in some 40 countries for more than 200 individeual items of foods and of these about 30 countries including Korea are commerically utilizing this technology. Although limited quantities of irradiated foods are available in the market now, the proper uses of this renewed technology will offer great possibilities not only for increasing the availability of postharvest agricultural products, thereby contributing to price stabilization in the off-season, but also for reducing reliance on chemicals used for sanitary and quarantine requirements. This paper deals with biological actions of ionizing radiation and its potential applications in the agri-food industry from the international point of view.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2018

Purpose - The Export Infrastructure Strengthening Program(EISP) is a project to expand exports of agri-food products through providing customized export information to food distribution companies and supporting overseas information activities. A total of 39.6 billion won was provided by 2016. So, the purpose of this study is to analyze whether EISP is effective for expanding exports of agri-food products. Research design, data, and methodology - A simple average difference between the export performance of the policy beneficiaries and the non-policy beneficiaries can be biased if the export capacity or inherent characteristics of the enterprise are not taken into consideration. In order to solve the problem of such a bias, the propensity score matching(PSM) method has been employed in this study. PSM is a method of converting the characteristics of an export company into an index through logit analysis and then reducing the matching to one dimension to improve the accuracy of the performance measurement. Results - The balancing test was conducted to determine how the characteristics of the policy beneficiary group and the matched policy non-beneficiary group corresponded to each other. As a result of the test, we could not reject the null hypothesis that there was no difference between the two groups, so that after the matching, the two groups were similar and the explanatory variables were well controlled. Using the nearest neighbor matching with propensity score estimating through logit analysis, we estimated average treatment effect on the treated(ATT). The food companies participating the EISP had the effect of increasing the exports of $ 5.88 million. As a result, the number of export contracts increased by 11.77, the number of exporting countries by 7.52, the number of export items by 47.51, and the number of buyers' consultation by 3.50. And overseas marketing expenses increased by 35.92 million won. Except for the number of export contracts, other export performance results showed statistically significant results. Conclusions - As the EISP has a positive effect on the expansion of agro-food exports, efforts should be made to find out the limitations or problems of the policy in the future and to make a greater contribution to the increase of exports.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.5-15
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• 2016

Purpose - The continuously fluctuating consumer who desires simplicity and convenience has had much influence on the food industry. This trend has led to a new food market sector known as HMR (Home Meal Replacement). This study aims to understand the status of the HMR market in United States. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - In order to research the status of the HMR market, quantitative analysis and secondary research were carried out. By using data from Euromonitor, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, we have estimated food segment sales contributions to the HMR market in United States. Results - HMR products are being sold in various channels such as traditional stores, convenience stores, and even farmers' markets. Some restrictions on the HMR products exist for food safety. Conclusions - HMR industry in United States has expanded continuously. To keep pace with the growth of the HMR market, the United States government has focused on food and safety regulations with regards to the products used in HMR. Finally, this study discusses the implications for Korean HMR market.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical widely used in polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins. BPA is an endocrine disruptor. Residue of BPA in agricultural environments is a major concern. The objective of this study was to understand the characteristics of the uptake and distribution of BPA and its metabolites introduced into the agricultural environment to crops, and to use it as basic data for further research on reduction of BPA in agricultural products. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study established the analysis method of BPA and its metabolites in soil and crops, and estimated the intake of BPA and its metabolites from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in sandy loam and loam soil, which are representative soils in Korea. The two major metabolites of BPA were 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA). BPA, 4-HAP and 4-HBA have been analyzed by using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These substances were detected in sandy loam and loam soil, indicating that certain portions of BPA were converted to 4-HAP and 4-HBA in the soil; however, it was observed that only 4-HBA migrated to lettuce through the roots into crops. CONCLUSION: The uptake residues showed the BPA and 4-HAP were not detected in lettuces grown on sandy loam (SL) and loam (L) soil treatments that were applied with of 10 ng/g, 50 ng/kg and 500 ng/g of BPA. However, the 4-HBA was detected at the level of 7 ng/g and 11 ng/g in the lettuce grown in sandy loam and loam soil that were treated with the 500 ng/g of BPA, respectively, while the 8 ng/g of 4-HBA was measured in the lettuce cultivated in the loam that was treated with 100 ng/g of BPA. This result presents that the BPA persisting in the soil of the pot was absorbed through the lettuce roots and then distributed in the lettuce leaves at the converted form of 4-HBA, what is the oxidative metabolite of BPA.