• Title/Summary/Keyword: Agreement index

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A Study on National Mining Investment Security Analysis for the Overseas Mineral Resources Investment Business (해외 광물자원 투자 사업을 위한 국가위험도 분석 연구)

  • Ko, Eun-Mi;Choi, Soen-Gyu;Kim, Chang-Seong;Kim, Seong-Yong;Pak, Sang-Joon
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.475-484
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    • 2008
  • In this study, we analyzed national mining investment security and country risk, and suggested a new index for exploration and development investment for mining projects in abroad by an analysis of relationship between these grades and mineral resource development investment. For this, potential risks for mining in mineral-rich countries are assessed, and the risk of the exploration and development investment for mining projects is relatively evaluated by OECD country risk. It is noted that countries of the lower ranks in OECD are consistently good agreement with the high grade in Behre Dolbear Group Inc. for favorable mineral exploitation, whereas the higher ranks have shown diverse and high risks for the mining investigation and development. Consequently, it is necessary that assessment of the relationship between mineral resource index and country risk for mining projects to be investigated and developed in future should be applied before business decision of mineral investigation projects in abroad.

Comparison and Analysis for Evaluation of Ride and SEAT Index through Theoretical Seat-Human Body Model and Vehicle Test (시트-인체 해석 모델링과 차량 주행 시험을 통한 차량 승차감 평가와 시트 지수의 비교 및 분석)

  • Son, In-Suk;Kim, Jung-Hoon;Kang, Yeon-June
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2009
  • A simplified model of seat-human body is presented to analyze vibrations of human body on a seat of vehicle. The theoretical model having seven degrees-of-freedom is composed of the inter-connected masses, springs and dampers. Until now, evaluation of ride comfort has been usually performed only through vehicle tests. This study aims to complement shortcomings of conventional vehicle tests in evaluation of ride comfort by using the theoretical model. The acceleration values of the human body are obtained from frequency response functions of the theoretical model. Thereafter, Ride and SEAT indexes are acquired by considering response characteristics of the human body for the 12 axes that are presented in BS 6841. A vehicle test is carried out to measure the acceleration values for the three parts of the human body such as upper body, hip and foot. Ride and SEAT indexes of the vehicle test are also obtained by considering the response characteristics of the human body, of which results are compared with the values from the theoretical model. It is found that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

High-Gain Fabry-Pérot Cavity Antenna with Planar Metamaterial Superstrate for Wibro Base Station Antennas (평판형 메타 물질로 구성된 상부 덮개를 갖는 와이브로 기지국용 고 이득 Fabry-Pérot 공진기 안테나)

  • Kim, Dong-Ho;Choi, Jae-Ick
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.19 no.12
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    • pp.1367-1374
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    • 2008
  • A new high-gain Fabry-$P{\acute{e}}rot$ cavity antenna for wireless broadband internet(Wibro) base station antennas, which is covered with metamaterial superstrate presenting simultaneous negative values of permittivity and permeability, is proposed. To facilitate the fabrication process using the printed circuit board(PCB) technology of today, a new planar-type metamaterial superstrate is designed, which shows negative and low positive values of a refractive index near the Wibro service frequency band. And the principle of antenna gain enhancement is analyzed from the two different view points of effectively low refractive index and of the Fabry-$P{\acute{e}}rot$ resonance condition. Single square patch antenna is used as a feeder. The separation distance is determined by considering the reflection phases of the metamaterial superstrate and the substrate satisfying Fabry-$P{\acute{e}}rot$ resonance condition, respectively. Comparison between the prediction and the measurement shows good agreement, which verifies the validity of our design approach.

The Study on the Quantitative Dust Index Using Geostationary Satellite (정지기상위성 자료를 이용한 정량적 황사지수 개발 연구)

  • Kim, Mee-Ja;Kim, Yoonjae;Sohn, Eun-Ha;Kim, Kum-Lan;Ahn, Myung-Hwan
    • Atmosphere
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.267-277
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    • 2008
  • The occurrence and strength of the Asian Dust over the Korea Peninsular have been increased by the expansion of the desert area. For the continuous monitoring of the Asian Dust event, the geostationary satellites provide useful information by detecting the outbreak of the event as well as the long-range transportation of dust. The Infrared Optical Depth Index (IODI) derived from the MTSAT-1R data, indicating a quantitative index of the dust intensity, has been produced in real-time at Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) since spring of 2007 for the forecast of Asian dust. The data processing algorithm for IODI consists of mainly two steps. The first step is to detect dust area by using brightness temperature difference between two thermal window channels which are influenced with different extinction coefficients by dust. Here we use dynamic threshold values based on the change of surface temperature. In the second step, the IODI is calculated using the ratio between current IR1 brightness temperature and the maximum brightness temperature of the last 10 days which we assume the clear sky. Validation with AOD retrieved from MODIS shows a good agreement over the ocean. Comparison of IODI with the ground based PM10 observation network in Korea shows distinct characteristics depending on the altitude of dust layer estimated from the Lidar data. In the case that the altitude of dust layer is relatively high, the intensity of IODI is larger than that of PM10. On the other hand, when the altitude of dust layer is lower, IODI seems to be relatively small comparing with PM10 measurement.

Impact of Baseflow on Fish Community in the Ungcheon Stream, Korea

  • Choi, Byungwoong;Oh, Woo Seok;Kim, Nam Shin;Cha, Jin Yeol;Lim, Chi Hong
    • Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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    • v.2 no.4
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    • pp.235-246
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    • 2021
  • This study investigated the impact of baseflow on fish community in the Ungcheon stream (16.5 km long) located downstream of the Boryeong Dam, Korea. Based on field monitoring, there were five dominant fish species in the Ungcheon Stream accounting for 75% of the total fish community: Zacco platypus, Zacco koreanus, Tridentiger brevispinis, Rhinogobius brunneus, and Pungtungia herzi. These five fish species were selected as target species. HydroGeoSphere (HGS) and River2D models were used for hydrologic and hydraulic simulations, respectively. A habitat suitability index model was used to simulate fish habitat. To assess the impact of baseflow, each representative discharge was examined with or without baseflow. The HGS model was used to calculate baseflow within the study reach. This baseflow was observed to increase gradually with longitudinal distance. Validation of the hydraulic model dem onstrated that computed water surface elevated when baseflow was included, which was in good agreement with measured data, as opposed to the result when baseflow was excluded. Composite suitability index distributions and weighted usable area in the study reach were presented for target species. Simulations indicated that the baseflow significantly increased habitat suitability for the entire fish community. These results demonstrate that there should be a substantial focus on the baseflow for physical habitat simulation.

The Crucial Role of the Establishment of Computed Tomography Density Conversion Tables for Treating Brain or Head/Neck Tumors

  • Yang, Shu-Chin;Lo, Su-Hua;Shie, Li-Tsuen;Lee, Sung-Wei;Ho, Sheng-Yow
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.59-69
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: The relationship between computed tomography (CT) number and electron density (ED) has been investigated in previous studies. However, the role of these measures for guiding cancer treatment remains unclear. Methods: The CT number was plotted against ED for different imaging protocols. The CT number was imported into ED tables for the Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS) and was used to determine the effect on dose calculations. Conversion tables for radiation dose calculations were generated and subsequently monitored using a dosimeter to determine the effect of different CT scanning protocols and treatment sites. These tables were used to retrospectively recalculate the radiation therapy plans for 41 patients after an incorrect scanning protocol was inadvertently used. The gamma index was further used to assess the dose distribution, percentage dose difference (DD), and distance-to-agreement (DTA). Results: For densities <1.1 g/cm3, the standard deviation of the CT number was ±0.6% and the greatest variation was noted for brain protocol conditions. For densities >1.1 g/cm3, the standard deviation of the CT number was ±21.2% and the greatest variation occurred for the tube voltage and head and neck (H&N) protocol conditions. These findings suggest that the factors most affecting the CT number are the tube voltage and treatment site (brain and H&N). Gamma index analyses for the 41 retrospective clinical cases, as well as brain metastases and H&N tumors, showed gamma passing rates >90% and <90% for the passing criterion of 2%/2 and 1%/1 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The CT protocol should be carefully decided for TPS. The correct protocol should be used for the corresponding TPS based on the treatment site because this especially affects the dose distribution for brain metastases and H&N tumor recognition. Such steps could help reduce systematic errors.

Effects on the Tensile Strength and Discharge Volume of the White Biodegradable Plastic film added Compatibilizer (상용화제 첨가가 화이트 바이오 생분해 플라스틱 필름의 인장강도와 토출 량과 비중에 미치는 영향)

  • Han, Jung-gu;Park, Seung Joon;Li, Fanzhu;Park, Hyung Woo
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.169-174
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    • 2021
  • Today, plastic waste has become a critical social issue due to the increasing of plastic consumption. Korean annual per capita plastic consumption was 132 kg, the most plastic consuming country in the world. Internationally, Carbon Neutral Agreement is underway due to global warming, consumers' interest and needs for biomass-based plastics has also been increased. In this study, film was produced by adding composite use additives to the biomass-based plastics according to concentration, and the resulting changes in discharge volume, melt index, and tensile strength were investigated. Melt index (MI) was significantly higher in PLA and PBAT than in petroleum-based resin LLDPE and LDPE. Also, among the same resin or in the same treatment group, MI has been increased when the heating temperature is increased. The discharge volume and gravity of the BDP-2 to which 4% compatibilizer was added were found to be higher among all treatments, while the tensile strength of MD and TD was also higher. BDP-2 was suitable to the film producing methods for biodegradable film production.

Assessment of Overconsolidation Ratio by Depth of Soft Ground: A Case Study in South Korea (국내 연약지반의 심도별 과압밀비 산정에 관한 사례연구)

  • Lee, Jong-Young;Han, Jung-Geun
    • Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.9-18
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    • 2021
  • In this study, the overconsolidation ratio (OCR) of soft clay soil was calculated by conducting an indoor physical experiment and a dynamics test using undisturbed soil samples from a soft clay soil field in South Korea. The OCR by depth was predicted by comparing the experimental results with the existing empirical equations. Methods using the liquidity index and the existing empirical equation by the Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command (NAVFAC) were examined, and the results were compared with the actual measured values. The method using the liquidity index was found to be suitable for estimating the rough OCR of the ground. However, the effect of drying was not considered for the ground above the groundwater level. Therefore, an equation for the correlation equation between the depth and OCR of each region, including the ground above the groundwater level, was proposed. The proposed equation was applied to the OCR prediction of the adjacent area. The predicted values in the area composed of clay (CL, CH) were found to be in good agreement with the actual values. In the region composed of silt (ML), however, the predicted values were not consistent with the actual values. This suggests that the sedimentation and compositional characteristics, rather than the engineering characteristics of the soil, are important factors that affect the OCR prediction.

Verification of the Reliability and Validity of the Korean Pediatric Patient Classification System and Estimation of Nursing Time Conversion Index (한국형 소아 환자 분류도구의 신뢰도와 타당도 검증 및 간호시간 환산지수 산출 연구)

  • Sim, Mi Young;Park, Ji Sun;Kwon, Mi Kyung;Song, Suk Hee;Kim, Ye Seul;Kang, Min Seo;Lee, Shin Ae;Choi, Eun Seok;Ha, Eun Ju
    • Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.185-197
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study was performed to verify reliability and validity of the Korean Pediatric Patient Classification System (KPPCS) and estimate nursing time conversion index. Methods: The study was conducted in 9 children's hospital which included various areas and size of bed settings. To verify intraclass correlation reliability and construct validity, staff nurses and nurse managers of 21 wards classified 575 patients according to KPPCS comparing differences by age, days of stay, type of stay and medical department. Direct and indirect nursing time of 575 patients were measured by 284 nursing staffs by stopwatch observation and self reports for 24 hours. Results: KPPCS has 12 categories, 55 nursing activities and 80 criterions. High agreement among nurses (r=.91, p<.001) suggested substantial reliability. Construct validity was verified by comparing differences in age, days of stay, type of stay and medical department (p<.05). The correlation of nursing time and classification score was also statistically significant (r=.59, p<.001). The nursing time conversion index was 10.78 minutes per 1 classification score. The entire patient group were classified to four groups using KPPCS. Conclusion: The findings suggest that KPPCS would be a useful tool for estimating nursing demands related to the complexity of pediatric patients.

Comparison of Arterial Oxygen Saturation Measured by Pulse Oximetry at Different Sensor Sites in Neurocritical Patients (신경계 중환자의 측정부위별 맥박 산소포화도의 비교)

  • Jeon, Min-Jeong;Hwang, Sun-Kyung
    • Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2023
  • Purpose : This study aimed to compare peripheral pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) values, measured at different monitoring sites, and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of neurocritical patients. Methods : The study included 110 patients admitted to the neurosurgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. The patients' SpO2 values were measured in their index fingers, both second toes, both earlobes, and foreheads, using the patient monitoring system. These values were compared with the standard value of SaO2 measured using a blood gas analyzer. Data were analyzed using descriptive values, Pearson's correlation coefficients, Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC), and Bland-Altman plots. Result : Regardless of the measuring site, SpO2 was correlated with the paired measurements of SaO2 (r=.40~.60, p<.001, CCC range=.40~.58). No significant bias in paired measurements of SpO2 and SaO2 was observed at all sites (-0.06~0.19%, p>.05). SpO2 values at the left finger and right earlobe had the narrowest range, with a 95% limits of agreement (LOA) (left finger -3.04~2.93% and right earlobe -3.18~2.79%). SpO2 at the index finger, on the side without an arterial catheter, had a narrower range of 95% LOA than that of the opposing finger (-3.00~2.97% vs. -3.73~3.26%). Conclusion : SpO2 at the finger without an arterial catheter had the highest level of precision. This study suggests using the index finger, on the side without an arterial catheter, for pulse oximetry in neurocritical patients.