• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2004

This study was carried out to examinate the effect of aging period on chromatic, chemical and organoleptic characteristics, and to evaluate of optimum aging period for each grade in burley leaf tobacco. The leaf tobaccos were produced in 2000, and threshed, redried and packed in carton box under the current methods. Four grades of processed leaf(A3T, B1T, C1W and D3W) were stored during 24 months (May 10, 2001 to April 31, 2003) in warehouse of Chungju Leaf Tobacco Processing Factory. The leaf tobaccos were sampled at three month intervals for analysis of chromatic, chemical and organoleptic properties. pH values of four grades, and Yellow(b) of A3T and BIT were also significantly decreased during the aging. Filling values, tar, nicotine and CO contents of tobacco smoke, and puff number of cigarettes were not significantly changed during the aging. Positive correlation coefficients were significantly observed between irritation of the calculated attributes from contents of volatile oil components in leaf tobacco and that of the panel sensory attributes. The ratio of maximum change in irritation attribute was larger than that in taste attribute during aging. The calculated irritations of 18～24 months aging for A3T and B1T were significantly lower than zero-aging, while those of C1W and D3W were not significant among aging periods. The panel irritations of 12～15 months aging for four grades were low tendency. The results suggest that decrease of aging period for thin leaf from 21～24 to 12～15 months may be beneficial to save storage cost in burley tobacco.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2021

This study investigated the microbial community and quality characteristics of traditional soybean pastes (doenjang) based on the aging period in Gyeongnam province. The samples were collected from seven regions in Gyeongnam Province (Goseong, Hadong, Haman, Hamyang, Sacheon, Sancheong and Uiryeong). Contents of moisture, salinity, pH, and acidity of doenjang after 210 days aging were 56.40~65.21%, 9.05~16.08%, 4.88~6.86 and 0.64~2.14%, respectively. Lightness significantly decreased over the aging period, while the redness tended to increase over the aging period. Yellowness was from 21.39~26.81 to 21.10~28.36. Reducing sugar content was from 0.31~1.45% to 0.11~3.13%. The amino-type content increased from 141.87~495.13 mg/100 g to 328.53~823.67 mg/100 g. In contrast, the ammonia-type content declined from 136.74~364.70 mg/ 100 g to 128.62~331.00 mg/100 g. The overall total microbial count did not significantly differ, but it tended to decrease in sample GD4. Fungus declined overall or was not detected. Coliform groups were not detected in all samples. Lactobacillus and Bacillus cereus tended to decrease over the aging period. The common fungus and bacterium were Aspergillus oryzae and Tetragenococcus halophilus, respectively. After the aging period, the predominant fungi were Candida versatilis, Candida apicola, and Debaryomyces hansenii. The predominant bacteria were Tetragenococcus halophilus and Cronobacter sakazakii.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2004

This study was carried out to examinate the effect of aging period on chromatic, chemical and organoleptic characteristics, and to evaluate of optimum aging period for each grade in flue-cured leaf tobacco. The leaf tobaccos were produced in 2000, and threshed, redried and packed in carton box under the current methods. Four grades of processed leaf(A3O, B1O, C1L and D3L) were stored during 24 months(May 10, 2001 to April 31, 2003) in warehouse of Chungju Leaf Tobacco Processing Factory. The leaf tobaccos were sampled at three month intervals for analysis of chromatic, chemical and organoleptic properties. Yellow(b), pH values and total sugar contents of four grades were significantly decreased during the aging. Filling values, tar, nicotine and CO contents of tobacco smoke, and puff number of cigarettes were not significantly changed during the aging. Positive correlation coefficients were significantly observed between taste and irritation of the calculated attributes from contents of volatile oil components in leaf tobacco and those of the panel sensory attributes. The ratio of maximum change in taste attribute was larger than that in irritation attribute during aging. The optimum aging periods estimated by taste for A3O, B1O, C1L and D3L were 17.8, 14.9, 10.8, and 9.8 months, respectively. The thin leaf(Primings and Cutters) undergo satisfactory aging earlier as compared to bodied leaf(Leaf and Tips). The results suggest that decrease of aging period for thin leaf from 18～21 to 9～12 months may be beneficial to save storage cost in flue-cured tobacco.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.389-396
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• 2005

Physico-chemical properties of ssamjang prepared by industrial process were investigated. Overall experiments were planned by central composite design for five independent variables, kochujang mash aging period $(X_{1})$, doenjang aging period $(X_{2})$, doenjang content $(X_{3})$, sterilization temperature $(X_{4})$, and storage temperature $(X_{5})$. Storage period had no consistent effect on moisture content of ssamjang. Doenjang having longer aging period showed lower moisture content than that having shorter aging period. Titratable acidity and pH of ssamjang gradually increased and decreased with storage period, respectively, with pH of ssamjang significantly affected by aging period of doenjang and kochujang mashes, and sterilization and storage temperatures. Amino nitrogen contents of ssamjang increased during storage and were more affected by sterilization temperature than by aging period and content of doenjang, and storage temperature. Crude protein content of ssamjang irregularly changed during storage, and was slightly affected by content of doenjang.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.3
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• pp.239-257
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• 1997

This study investigated the effect of the addition of alcohol on the quality change of Chungkukjang during the aging, The Cung-kuk-jang was made by the degree of 3, 5, 10%, respectively, and determined NH2-N, NH3-N, total acidity, cell numbers, lactate, succinate and phenolic acid to measure the change of flavor component in the aging of 2$0^{\circ}C$. 1. In the treatment groups of different amount of alcohol and salt added and aging period of Chung-kuk-hang, NH2-N was more decreased with more addition of alcohol and salt in the 3-and 10-day of aging. NH3-N was increased gradually in the addition of up to 2.0% alcohol and then decreased in the 3-and 10-day of aging. 2. In the treatment groups of different amount of alcohol added and aging period Chung-kuk-hang, the total acidity was more decreased with more addition of alcohol and higher degree of salt. Cell number was decreased rapidly with the addition of 1.0% alcohol in the 3-day and then decreased relatively and in the 10-day of aging, and it was increased with the addition of alcohol 3. With the addition of alcohol and the different growing temperature, the content of phenolic acid was more browning changed at 3$0^{\circ}C$ than that of at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and the phenol content of each group was decreased with increasing the addition amount of alcohol. Thus, the more addition of alcohol amount would the more extend the period of Chung-kuk-hang aging.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2016

The effect of postmortem aging on the quality of Semimembranosus muscle (SM) from Hanwoo was investigated. The quality of SM was compared with that of Longissimus dorsi muscle (LD). SM contained higher moisture, protein, and ash, and lower fat than LD (p<0.05). The $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of SM were significantly decreased after 21 days of aging. SM showed higher $a^*$ values than LD at 1 and 7 day of aging (p<0.05). The cooking loss of SM was not affect by aging. SM had higher cooking loss than that of LD throughout the aging period. Although the shear force of SM was significantly decreased by aging, SM showed high shear force compared to LD during aging period (p<0.05). Aging increased lipid oxidation in both muscles (p<0.05). However, TBARS value of SM was significantly lower than that of LD throughout the aging period (p<0.05). There was no effect of aging on the betaine and L-carnitine contents of SM. SM contained higher betaine and L-carnitine than LD in all aging days (p<0.05). Therefore, we concluded that consumer acceptability of SM could be increased by aging based on the increase of tenderness in addition to its high nutritional properties.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.899-911
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• 2024

This research investigated the synergic outcome of high intensity ultrasound (HIU) treatment and wet-dry combined aging (WDCA) on physiochemical characteristics and lipid oxidation during refrigerated storage to ameliorate pork meat's quality and shelf life. The CIE b^* values, cooking loss (CL %), and pH of the HIU treated samples were higher than those of the control over the aging period. They were significantly (p<0.05) modified by the aging period and ultrasound (US) treatment. However, the released water (RW %) and moisture were not significantly influenced by US treatment (p>0.05). The Warner-Bratzler shear force of HIU-treated samples was lower over control values except in 7-14 d, and it showed a significant difference between control and US treatment according to the significance of HIU (p<0.05). The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance of HIU-treated samples was significantly higher (p<0.05) than control values over the aging period. These results suggested that HIU treatment and WDCA showed a synergistic effect of maximizing the tenderness, but lipid oxidation was higher than before ultrasonic treatment. In agreement with this, the most favorable approach would involve implementing wet aging for a period of two weeks followed by dry aging for a period not exceeding one week after the application of HIU.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.18-23
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• 2013

Thermal aging test is performed to qualify the life time of equipment in thermally aged condition. Due to long life time more than 10 years like as in power plant, the equipment is subjected to the accelerated thermal aging condition which is able to shorten the long aging test period by increasing aging temperature. Normally, conservatism of thermal aging test causes to impose unbalanced and excessive thermal load on components of the equipment, and deformation and damage problems of the components. Additionally, temperature rise of each component through heat generation of the electric equipment leads to long-term problem of the test period. Multi-phase accelerating aging test is to perform thermal aging test in multiple aging conditions after dividing into groups with various components of equipment. The groups might be classified considering various factors such as activation energy, temperature rise, glass transition temperature and melting temperature. In this study, we verify that the multi-phase accelerating aging test method can reduce and equalize the thermal over load of the components and shorten aging test time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.471-476
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• 2001

The effects of aging time (1,4 and 7 day), endpoint cooking temperature (70, 75 and 8$0^{\circ}C$) and cooking time (15, 30 and 45 sec) on the textural and sensory characteristics of pork loin were evaluated. As an aging period became longer, the pH, L＊ and b＊ value of raw meat became higher. As an aging period became longer, the cooking loss, hardness, chewiness and shear force value (SFV) of cooked meat became lower, and their tenderness and juiciness became better. However, no difference was observed in the aroma, and the one aged for 4 day among the cooked meat showed the best palatability. Increasing endpoint cooking temperature from 70 to 8$0^{\circ}C$ increased SFV and hardness and decreased chewiness, sensory tenderness and juiciness. Also, the pork cut with a thickness of 1.5 cm showed the best palatability when its internal temperature was 75$^{\circ}C$. And the pork cut with a thickness of 0.8 mm showed the best palatability when its cooking time was 30 sec.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.2 s.86
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• pp.137-153
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to explore the similarities and differences of elements of successful aging in Western and Korean society using a background of time and dominant values of each society. Content analysis of concepts and components of 'successful aging' was performed based on 12 Korean articles and 23 Western articles. The major findings were: (1) The studies of successful aging accomplished since 2001 and the studies that explore the elements of successful aging perceived by the elderly mentioned diverse elements as essential to successful aging. (2) There were both common and distinct components of successful aging in Western and Korean society. Some of the essential components for successful aging were commonly accepted, but others were varied and unique, reflecting the period of experience and cultural values. These results could be used to better understand unique successful aging of the Korean elderly, as well as to establish a basis of intervention that meets the specific demands of this population.