• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.172-179
• /
• 2006

Over the past few years, a considerable number of studies have been conducted on modeling the bargaining game using artificial agents on within-model interaction. However, very few attempts have been made at study on between-model interaction. This paper investigates the interaction and co-evolutionary process among heterogeneous artificial agents in the bargaining game. We present two kinds of the artificial agents participating in the bargaining game. They play some bargaining games with their strategies based on genetic algorithm (GA) and reinforcement learning (RL). We compare agents' performance between two agents under various conditions which are the changes of the parameters of artificial agents and the maximal number of round in the bargaining game. Finally, we discuss which agents show better performance and why the results are produced.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.229-239
• /
• 2002

Recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of cancer brought out new materials such as oligonucleotides, genes, peptides and proteins as a source of new anticancer agents. Due to their macromolecular properties, however, new strategies of delivery for them are required to achieve their full therapeutic efficacy in clinical setting. Development of improved dosage forms of currently marketed anticancer drugs can also enhance their therapeutic values. Currently developed delivery systems for anticancer agents include colloidal systems (liposomes, emulsions, nanoparticles and micelles), polymer implants and polymer conjugates. These delivery systems have been able to provide enhanced therapeutic activity and reduced toxicity of anticancer agents mainly by altering their pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Furthermore, the identification of cell-specific receptor/antigens on cancer cells have brought the development of ligand- or antibody-bearing delivery systems which can be targeted to cancer cells by specific binding to receptors or antigens. They have exhibited specific and selective delivery of anticancer agents to cancer. As a consequence of extensive research, clinical development of anticancer agents utilizing various delivery systems is undergoing worldwide. New technologies and multidisciplinary expertise to develop advanced drug delivery systems, applicable to a wide range of anticancer agents, may eventually lead to an effective cancer therapy in the future.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2003

The use of skin whitening agents has been recently increased in various kinds of cosmetic products, although there were some reports that whitening agents might cause allergic contact dermatitis. A murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been developed as an alternative to guinea pigs for contact sensitization potential. This study was carried out to investigate the skin sensitization potential of three whitening agents, arbutin, azelaic acid, and kojic acid, by LLNA using a non-radiois-topic endpoint. Female Balb/c mice were exposed topically to a weak allergen, $\alpha$-hexylcinnamalde-hyde (HCA), and three whitening agents following LLNA protocol. Lymph node (LN) weight and cell proliferation in ears and auricular lymph node using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry were evaluated. LN weights were significantly increased at the HCA group compared to the vehicle control. A weak allergen, HCA elicited 3-fold or greater increase in cell proliferation of lymph nodes as well as increase in cell proliferation of ear as measured by BrdU immunohistochemistry. However, in the case of skin whitening agent groups, there were no significant changes in LN weight and cell proliferation in the ear and lymph node of mice treated with 5, 10 and 20% of three whitening agents compared to the vehicle control. These results show that these three skin whitening agents may not have contact sensitization potentials at tested concentrations in Balb/c mice by LLNA.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.17-31
• /
• 1991

The effects of environmental agents on health are great concern for all. It was recognized that each human has differential susceptibility to environmental effects. Susceptibility are changed by many factors includin gdevelopmpntal processes, genetic factors, nutritional stratus, preexisting disease conditions, life style and personal habits. Of all factors nutritional factors seem to be the area most modifiable. Consequently, It is an area that must be more thoroughly evaluated. In this paper, nutrient and environment interactions are reviewed briefly with published literatures. This paper deals with the influence of micronutrients(energy, protein and fat), Vitamins (vitamin 4, vitamin B-complex, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin I) and Minerals(calcium, iron, selenium, zinc and other minerls) on environmental effects. The role of arch nutrient was assessed in modifyine the expression of environmental pollutant toxicity with available litertures. In each nutrient section, the effect of environment was considered in following agents : heavy metals(lead, cadmium, mercury, silver and etc), inorganic agents(nitwits, sulfite, fluoride and etc), organic agents(benzene, carbon tatra-chloride, aflatoxin, auto dye, dialbrin etc), Irritant gas(ozone, carbon monooxide and etc), physical agents(X-irradiation, ultra violet, temperature and noise) and insectcides. The extent to which nutritional status modifies environmental effects 3nd its converse, how envirollments affects nutritional status is very complex. In deed, at the present time there are more than 50 chelnical/phycical agents that affect the nutrient metabolism and/or have their toxicity either directly diminished or enhanced by nutrients of those agents, small number of agents for each nutrients have sufficient evidence to warrant any reasonable degree of confidence in their hypothesized associtation. With these information at this present time it is hard to conclude that the recommended dietary allowance for each nutrient should be reconsidered.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.49-52
• /
• 2009

Single-drop microextraction (SDME) is an extraction methodology where the drop plays an essential role as extracts. It was evaluated for the GC-MS determination of nerve agents, one class of the chemical warfare agents (CWAs). Since these nerve agents are highly toxic, it is important to detect the nerve agents in the environmental samples. Several affecting factors including extraction solvents, stirring rate, extraction time, and amounts of salt were optimized. The limit of detections (LODs) were 0.1 - 10 ng/mL and the relative standard deviations (RSDs%, n=5) were in the range of 6.3% to 9.0% for four nerve agents. Without pretreatment of the environmental samples, 5-103 fold enrichments and 48-100% recovery were accomplished. These results demonstrated the feasibility of this method for on-site and off-site analysis of water sample collected from suspicious CWAs site.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.702-736
• /
• 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the technologies powered by AI fuel the fourth industrial revolution. Being the primary adopter of such innovations, banking has recently started using the most common AI-based technology, i.e., conversational agents. Although research extensively focuses on this niche area and provides bibliometric understanding for such agents in other industries, a similar review with scientometric insights of the banking literature concerning AI conversational agents is absent till date. Furthermore, in the era following the pandemic, banks are faced with the imperative to provide solutions that align with the changing landscape of remote consumer behavior. As a result, banks are proactively integrating technology-driven solutions, such as automated agents, to effectively address the growing demand for remote customer support. Hence more research is needed to perfect such agents. In order to bridge these existing gaps, the present study undertook a comprehensive examination of two decades' worth of banking literature. A meticulous review was conducted, analyzing approximately 116 papers published from 2003 to 2023. The aim was to provide a scientometric overview of the topic, catering to the research needs of both academic and industrial professionals. Holistically, the study seeks to present a macro-view about the existing trends in AI based banking conversational agents' literature while focusing on quantity, qualitative and structural indicators that are effectively necessary to offer new directions for the AI-based banking solutions. Our study, therefore, presents insights surrounding the literature, using selected techniques related to performance analysis and science mapping.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.266-272
• /
• 2002

This research is compared and analyzed variations of the heavy metal contents in human hairs according to treating permanent wave manipulation before and after and permanent wave agents. This is the survey of women's hairs in 19 years old. On the basis of this we would like to analyze a extend of exposing of heavy metal scientifically. Also, we would to show a basic data for the permitted limits of heavy metal to keep the healthy hair The conclusion is as follows.; Mean contents of heavy metal in hairs is 2.11 ppm (Pb), 0.25 ppm (Cd), 2.62 ppm (Ni), 256 ppm (Zn), 8.45 ppm (Cu). In reducing agents (processing lotions) of perm, 1.50 ppm (Pb), 0.03 ppm (Cd), 0.05 ppm (Ni), 15.45 ppm (Zn), 0.86 ppm (Cu) in a perm (S), 2.30 ppm (Pb), 0.05 ppm (Cd), 0.05 ppm (Ni), 13.05 ppm (Zn), 0.65 ppm (Cu) in a perm (T). In oxidizing agents (neutralizer) of perm, 1.40 ppm (Pb), 0.03 ppm (Cd), 0.09 ppm (Ni), 9.05 ppm (Zn), 0.65 ppm (Cu) in a perm (S), 1.50 ppm (Pb), 0.02 ppm (Cd), 0.16 ppm (Ni), 8.00 ppm (Zn), 0.85 ppm (Cu) in a perm (T). Mean contents of lead(Pb) didn't show significant differences according to treating cysteine perm agents, showed it according to 3 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.05). Mean contents of cadmium(Cd) showed significant differences (p<0.001) according to 2 treating both perm agents. Mean contents of nickel (Ni) showed neither. Mean contents of zinc (Zn) showed significant differences according to 2 treating cysteine perm agents (p<0.001) and 1 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.01). Mean contents of copper (Cu) didn't show significant differences according to treating cysteine perm agents, showed it according to 1 treating thioglycolic acid perm agents (p<0.001).

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2012

PURPOSE. Many dentists use desensitizing agents to prevent hypersensitivity. This study compared and evaluated the effect of two desensitizing agents on the retention of cast crowns when cemented with various luting agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ninety freshly extracted human molars were prepared with flat occlusal surface, 6 degree taper and approximately 4 mm axial length. The prepared specimens were divided into 3 groups and each group is further divided into 3 subgroups. Desensitizing agents used were GC Tooth Mousse and $GLUMA^{(R)}$ desensitizer. Cementing agents used were zinc phosphate, glass ionomer and resin modified glass ionomer cement. Individual crowns with loop were made from base metal alloy. Desensitizing agents were applied before cementation of crowns except for control group. Under tensional force the crowns were removed using an automated universal testing machine. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA followed by Turkey-Kramer post hoc test at a preset alpha of 0.05. RESULTS. Resin modified glass ionomer cement exhibited the highest retentive strength and all dentin treatments resulted in significantly different retentive values (In Kg.): GLUMA ($49.02{\pm}3.32$) > Control ($48.61{\pm}3.54$) > Tooth mousse ($48.34{\pm}2.94$). Retentive strength for glass ionomer cement were GLUMA ($41.14{\pm}2.42$) > Tooth mousse ($40.32{\pm}3.89$) > Control ($39.09{\pm}2.80$). For zinc phosphate cement the retentive strength were lowest GLUMA ($27.92{\pm}3.20$) > Control ($27.69{\pm}3.39$) > Tooth mousse ($25.27{\pm}4.60$). CONCLUSION. The use of $GLUMA^{(R)}$ desensitizer has no effect on crown retention. GC Tooth Mousse does not affect the retentive ability of glass ionomer and resin modified glass ionomer cement, but it decreases the retentive ability of zinc phosphate cement.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.125-134
• /
• 2014

This paper proposes a multi-agent message transport architecture to support application areas which need fast message communications for close collaboration among agents. In the FIPA(Foundation of Intelligent Physical Agents) agent platform, all message transfer services among agents are in charge of a conceptual entity named ACC(Agent Communication Channel). In our multi-agent message transport architecture, the ACC is represented as a set of system agents named MTSA(Message Transfer Service Agent). The MTSA enables close collaboration among agents by supporting asynchronous communication, by using Reactor pattern to handle agent input messages efficiently, and by selecting optimal message transfer protocols according to the relative positional relationships of sender agents and receiver agents. The multi-agent framework SMAF(Small Multi-Agent Framework), which is implemented on the proposed multi-agent message transport architecture, shows better performance on message transfer among agents than JADE(Java Agent Development Environment) which is a well-known FIPA-compliant multi-agent framework. The faster the speed of message transfer of a multi-agent architecture becomes, the wider application areas the architecture can support.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.250-258
• /
• 2009

One-step seeded polymerization was used to prepare $7{\sim}10{\mu}m$ of crosslinked monodisperse spheres with four crosslinking agents using $4.68{\mu}m$ poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) seed particles in aqueous-alcoholic media in the absence of the swelling process. The crosslinking agents used were ethylene glycol dimethacrylate(EGDMA), allyl methacrylate(AMA), 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate(HDDA) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate(TMPTMA). The effects of the type and concentration of the crosslinking agents on the swelling, pore size, thermal property of the networks and morphology of the particles were studied. The chemical structures and concentrations of the crosslinking agents affected both the swelling ratio and the porosity of the networks. In addition, the chemistry of the reactive vinyl group and chain length of the crosslinking agents affected the stability of the monodisperse particles of the ultimate morphology.