• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body cathexis and five aspects of clothing behavior. Body cathexis was measured by Secord and Jourard's Body Cathexis Scale, fit in clothing was measured by Mclean's questionnaire, and three aspects of clothing were assessed with Lee, Lim, Lee, and Kahng questionnaire dealing with clothing satisfaction, status symbol, and fashion interest. Preference for fashion style was determined by line drawings of clothing designs representing current fashion and non-current fashign. The questionnaires were administered to a sample of middle-aged women (40$\~$64 year of age) in Seoul. The data for 351 respondents were analyzed by correlation and t-test. The results were : 1) Body cathexis was positvely related to clothing satisfaction for early middle-aged women as well as advanced middle-aged women. 2) Body cathexis was positively related to fit in clothing for early middle-aged women as well as advanced middle-aged women. 3) Fashion interest was positively related to preference for fashion style in early middle-aged women, 4) Scores of early middle-aged women on body cathexis, fit in clothing and preference for fashion style were significantly higher than those of advanced middle-aged women, that is, early middle-aged women had a higher self-satisfaction with body cathexis and fit in clothing. They also preferred modern fashions in contrast to be advanced middle-aged sample.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.726-736
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• 2015

The apparel industry has recently been recognizing the important target market of middle-aged women. The aim of this study was to examine the anthropometric characteristics of US women of 46 to 65 years of age and identify distinctive body shape characteristics of US middle-aged women. A total of 1915 middle-aged women whose ages ranged from 46 to 65 were selected from the SizeUSA database. The age range was divided into two groups: 46-55 and 56-65. Twenty-four body measurements important for apparel development were chosen. Four factors-Girth Factor, Height Factor, Hip Drop Factor, and Bust Drop Factor-accounted for the US middle-aged women's body measurements. The body shapes were classified into four body shapes, which were Y-Shape in the overweight range, S-Shape in the overweight range, H-Shape in the overweight range, and the A-Shape in obese range. H-Shape, which was the least-defined waist in relation to the bust and hips with a short height, existed more in older middle-aged women than in younger middle-aged women. Y-Shape, S-Shape, and A-Shape existed more in the group of younger middle-aged women than in the group of older middle-aged women. In addition, compared with the younger middle-aged women, older middle-aged women had narrower shoulders, a larger waist, thinner legs, and a longer distance between side neck to bust point. The findings from the current study may be applied in the apparel industry for developing clothing sizing systems for US middle-aged women.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.5-10
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• 1992

Health care programs of the aged women has !lot been concerned in terms of women's health. Health problems of the aged women are not the same as of those the aged man. This article reviews issues and problems of the aged women's health in specific aspects of physical, psychological and social problems.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.677-687
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• 2007

This research aims to classify the physical characteristics of middle aged women. The characteristics are esteemed to be adopted for the formalisation of the types of their body figures and their characteristics for each type. For this purpose, middle aged women in the significant change of their body shapes were sampled for body measurement which would be used for the comparison between each measured figure. A group of sample for this research was constructed with 154 middle aged women who is currently living in Seoul and its Metropolitan area and being in their age of $35{\sim}59$. Particularly, the analysis on the girth of belly shows a significant difference subject to each age group so that a distinguished change in the girth of belly is observed as the age gets older. With the SPSS programme, the physical characteristics of middle aged women were analysed by the variation analysis and correlation analysis. In terms of the analysis on the body mass index and the flatness index, the observed result that there is a significant difference between the indices for late middle aged women and early and mid middle aged women shows far more different result from Yu-Kyung Choi(1997) that the body figures of middle aged women tend to start rapidly to change from their ages of 49. This can be explained to some extent in that the increased interest in much healthier and slimmer body shapes beginning from widely-spread so called "well-being" syndrome results in the increase in the number of middle aged women taking care of their health management so that the ages starting their body shape to become obese tend to be deferred. Another explanation is also feasible to partly extent that the middle aged women living in Seoul and Kyung-Gi area are much more looking after their health management than those living in other areas. However, this research has a limitation in that the physical measurement for this research has been conducted focusing on the women living in Seoul and Kyung-Gi area. Hence, it is further expected going forward that the physical measurement for middle aged women living in other areas should follow for the comparison purpose.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.503-532
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• 2009

This study aims at identifying any difference in the quality of life according to the patterns of living together in the family for the aged women who live in the rural areas. The findings of this study can be summarized in brief. First, those aged women who live alone showed a higher ratio of works like farming with less average income and less perception of living standards but better ADL than those of the aged women who live together with their family. Second, as a result of logistic regression analyses to identify factors to predict the patterns of living together in the family for the aged women in the rural areas, those aged women who live alone showed more cases of farming, higher ADL level, higher degree of economical preparations and more perception of intimacy with their offspring than those of aged women who live together with their family. Unlike these results, those aged women who live together with their family have less average income, more phone calls with their neighbor and higher quality of life that those of aged women who live alone. Third, as a result of impact variables in the quality of life by the pattern of living together in the family for the aged women in the rural areas, those aged women who live together their family showed higher quality of life with better preparations for the health, emotion and economy for their aged life, and with less number of offspring and more frequency of phone calls with their neighbor. In addition, those aged women who live along in the rural areas showed higher quality of life with better emotional preparations, better economic preparations, more number of offspring, more friendly with their neighbor and more emotional supports.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the dietary habits, nutrient intake, and health status and to explore the relationship between dietary habits and health status in the middle-aged men and women. The subjects consisted of 220 men and 220 women aged 40-59 years old. Dietary habits and nutrient intake were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and 24 hours dietary recall method by personal interview. Percent of body fat, serum cholesterol, and serum triglyceride level were measured. The middle aged adults who had breakfast and meals irregularly were more than 60% of the study subjects. The middle aged men had meals habits significantly more irregularly than the middle aged women. The middle aged men had high fat meat intake more frequently than the middle aged women. The middle aged men had significantly high energy and protein intake more than the middle aged women but the middle aged women had significantly high carbohydrate intake more than the middle aged men and tended to consume milk higher than the middle aged men. The middle aged adults who had high body fat tended to overeat food, to have high fat meat and processed food intake more frequently than those who had low body fat. The middle aged adults who had high serum cholesterol and triglyceride level tended to overeat food and to have processed food intake more frequently than those who had low serum cholesterol and triglyceride level. The middle aged adults who had regular meals habits. tended to have low serum triglyceride level than those who had irregular meals habits.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.82-95
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to provide a basis to recognize the health behaviors of middle-aged women that are constructive to a healthy life style. Data were collected from interview of questionnaires completed by 208 middle-aged women living in Incheon from November 1 to 30, 1999. The questionnaires used in this study were obtained from publications on health-related topics shown in literature review. These topics included : health concept, diseases, use of tobacco, alcohol, caffeine, drug, exercise and diet, cause of stress and stress management. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using the SPSS program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Middle-aged women though of concept of health as a doing daily living pattern(48.1%). 2. 49.5% of the middle-aged women had illness or disease, which included gastritis, arthritis, anemia, hypertension, indigestion and allergies. 3. 1.4% of the middle-aged women smoked cigarettes. Most of them began to smoke due to stress. 4. 42.3% of the middle-aged women drink alcohol. Most of them began drinking due to peer pressure. 5. 28.8% of the middle-aged women consumed caffeine-containing products 5-7 times per week. 6. 55.3% of the middle-aged women took drugs. Most of the drugs were digestant and analgesics. 7. 21.2% of the middle-aged women exercised more than 2 times per week. 8. Most of causes of stress were economic difficulties and sickness. The method of stress management were enduring and sleeping.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.326-333
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• 2024

This is a descriptive correlational study aimed at determining the relationship between SOC strategy, life satisfaction, and successful aging in middle-aged women. The study population was middle-aged women aged 40-65 years living in one metropolitan city, and 295 data collected using a structured questionnaire were used to analyze the results. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation using SPSS WIN/PC 24.0 statistical program. In the results of this study, the general characteristics related to successful aging in middle-aged women were identified as age, occupation, religion, economic status, presence of chronic diseases, and health status perception, menopause as significant influencing variables. In addition, successful aging was positively related to SOC strategy and life satisfaction among the middle-aged women in this study (p<.05). In particular, life satisfaction was highly correlated with successful aging in this study, and in this regard, efforts should be made to develop various programs to help middle-aged women feel satisfied with their lives so that they can transition to successful aging.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.241-251
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the depression, self-efficacy, and stress level of middle-aged women and to identify the factors affecting on stress, and to provide base line data for the development of nursing intervention for stress reduction of middle-aged women. Methods : Participants were 200 middle-aged women aged 40 to 60 who live in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Data collection period was from March 1, 2019 to April 15. In this study, the questionnaire of life events-stress, depression scale, self-efficacy was used. Data were analyzed by average, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, correlation and regression using the SPSS Program 21.0. Results : The results of this study, the correlation between depression, self-efficacy and stress in middle-aged women, depression and self-efficacy (r=-.264, p<.001), self-efficacy and stress (r=-.279, p<.001) had a significant negative correlation, depression and stress (r=.268, p<.001) had a significant positive correlation. Depression and self-efficacy were the factors affecting the stress of middle-aged women. Depression was β =.207 (p<.001) and self-efficacy β =-.222 (p=.003). Depression had the greatest influence on stress, followed by self-efficacy. Conclusion : Middle-aged women are an important time to prepare for a successful old age. Considering that the current middle-aged women are the subjects of the future aging society, their physical, psychological, and social problems are very important in preventing the elderly problems of the aging society. Therefore, effective nursing interventions should be developed that to reduce the depression and stress in middle-aged women and to improve self-efficacy and improve the quality of life of middle-aged women.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.583-595
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• 2013

In the women's clothing industry that targets middle aged-women, there is increased interest on middle-aged women and their appearance management and diet. It is believed that the body type of middle-aged women is becoming thinner. This study examines if middle-aged women body types have changed based on data from the $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ Size Korea that objectively analyzed the aspects of middle-aged women's body size change and the related fashion industry that recognize changes in middle-aged women body types by suggesting foundational data for clothing designs. According to research results, middle-aged women's body type shows an increase in items related to height and that measurement values related to obesity (such as weight and BMI index) tend to decrease. Height has increased and weight has decreased compared to the past. Most items related to width or depth tend to show decreased values and we can assume that the present middle-aged women's body type is changing more dynamically than before. It will be possible to design proper clothes for consumer body type and trends if we design clothes that afford multilateral attention to the patterns, design, or material in clothing design by applying the aspects of middle-aged women's body size and body type change.