• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.167-175
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• 2011

Objective: This study was designed to describe the trends in body mass index (BMI) during 6 years (2002-2008) and to identify associations between these trends and the amount of physical activity of South Korean career soldiers. Method: This study targeted the 40 993 (38 857 men and 2136 women) of the 58 657 career soldiers who had undergone four (2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008) biennial medical examinations conducted by the National Health Insurance Corporation; 17 664 soldiers with missing data on height, weight, and physical activity were excluded. A linear mixedregression model was used to categorize changes in BMI due to age versus those due to amount of physical activity. Results: Career soldiers experienced significant increases in BMI compared with baseline data gathered in 2002. The increases in each age group were as follows: men aged 20-29: 1.16, men aged 30-39: 0.61, men aged 40-49: 0.05, women aged 20-29: 0.35, women aged 30-39: 0.30, women aged 40 -49: 0.26, and women aged 50-59: 0.21. However, men aged 50 or older showed significant decreases (as high as 0.5) in BMI compared with baseline data obtained in 2002. They also experienced significant decreases in BMI compared with those who reported no physical activity. The differences between baseline and final BMIs were: 0.02 for men exercising 1-2 times per week, -0.07 for men exercising 3-4 times per week, -0.19 for men exercising 5-6 times per week, -0.21 for men exercising seven times per week, -0.05 for women exercising 1-2 times per week, -0.19 for women exercising 3-4 times per week, -0.30 for women exercising 5-6 times per week, and -0.30 for women exercising seven times per week. Conclusions: Obesity in South Korean career soldiers increased markedly between 2002 and 2008, and our data showed that the amount of physical activity was inversely related to increases in BMI. Policies to prevent obesity are needed to reduce this trend.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.147-158
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate predictors of cognitive function decline among community dwelling elderly. Methods : Data were analyzed from the Survey of Living Condition of Elderly panel study. Cognitive function was measured with the MMSE-KC at baseline and year 3. The study subjects were 5,464 community dwelling people aged 65 years or older who had no disability at baseline. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict cognitive function decline. Results : From 2008-2011, 4,417(80.8%) elderly people had no cognitive decline, and 1,074(19.2%) showed cognitive function decline measured by the MMSE-KC. After adjusting for demographics and baseline MMSE-KC score, the best predictors for cognitive function decline at 36 months were diabetes mellitus, smoking, low intensity physical activity, relationship with relatives and friends. Conclusions : Health promotion programs that are focused on the elderly are essential in preventing cognitive function decline. Promoting regular physical activity, and social relationships should be included in health promotion for elderly. When treating patients with diabetes, preventing cognitive impairment should be considered through education and counseling.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.279-284
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• 2011

This research was focused on collecting and analyzing the data about the preference and awareness about elderly housing among middle aged women. A questionnaire survey was adopted in this study. The data were collected from 120 people between 30~60years old middle aged women living in the city of Seoul from October, 1, 2010 to October, 19, 2010 and 105 cases were used for data analysis. To observe the preference differentiation of elderly housing, by the SPSS Win 18.0 program, $x^2$-test, t-test and ANOVA were utilized. The results of the research were as followings. First, respondents preferred middle scale and single-detached dwelling in suburban areas. Second, for the reason of considering elderly housing, respondents said that they consider the elderly housing as a safe and comfortable place. Third, they preferred that elderly housing should be supplied by local authority or the government. In conclusion, the government and local authorities need to provide elderly housing which can improve the older people's residential welfare in the future aged society and develop a model of the elderly housing which reflects the preference of the middle aged women.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2002

Objective: This prospective survey assessed factors associated with influenza vaccination behaviors among high-risk adults. Methods: 106 patients aged 65 or high risk for complications of influenza were interviewed to identify influencing factors to vaccination. Six potential consequences of Influenza infection and nine factors of vaccination were analysed between compliance and non-compliance groups. Results: Among the 106 patients, the vaccination rate was 62.3%. The rate of the group under the sixties was 37.0010, but the rate over the sixties was 88.5%. Factors in dependently associated with both influenza vaccination behaviors included older age, chronic disease, and especially, related to factors in older age were having positive attitudes toward immunization, perceived severity of infection and willingness to comply with the provider's recommendation. Conclusions: Emphasis on provider recommendations and the knowledge and attitudes of influenza infection and vaccination may enhance influenza vaccination rates in the organized vaccination programs.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.282-290
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among community dwelling aged 65 and over in South Korea. Methods: A total of 1,367 subjects from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were selected. The data analysis was conducted by SPSS WIN 19.0 using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 47.70%. Logistic regression analysis shows that hypertension was more prevalent as people became older; in females; in elderly who were not employed as compared to those employed; elderly with diabetes, and obesity as compared to those without these health conditions; as elderly who performed more moderate intensity exercise. While, education, household income, high risk alcoholic drinking, smoking, stress perception, usual activity, and eating out behavior were not associated with prevalence of hypertension in this study. Conclusion: The finding of prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors is expected to promote the screening or prevention strategy for community dwelling aged 65 and over at risk of hypertension in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of discharge planning on patient satisfaction, the readmission rate and preparedness for discharge in the elderly admitted to the emergency room (ER) for pulmonary disease. Methods: A quasi-experimental intervention study design was used. Older adults with pulmonary health problems in the ER in one general hospital were randomly allocated to either an experimental (n=21, 74.2 years) or control group (n=19, 70.7 years). The experimental group participated in a discharge planning program by a geriatric nurse practitioner. Data were collected from medical records, physical measurements and structured questionnaires including information on demographics, patient satisfaction, readmission, and preparedness for discharge. Results: Participants in the experimental group had significantly better outcomes with regard to patient satisfaction with nursing services (p=.003) and preparedness for discharge (p=.034). However, there was no significant effect on the readmission rate (p=.392) Conclusion: The results suggested that a discharge planning program could bolster nursing service satisfaction and preparedness for discharge in older patients admitted to the ER for pulmonary health problems. To clarify the effects of discharge planning on older patients admitted to the ER, a larger sample population, better instruments for various measures, a new manual on discharge planning and frequent follow-up will be necessary.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8095-8099
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• 2014

Background: Worldwide, over half a million women died of breast cancer in 2011 alone. Mammography screening is associated with a reduction of 20 to 35% in breast cancer mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the awareness and practice of mammography screening and predictors of its uptake in Malaysian women attending a primary care clinic. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among women aged 40 to 74 years attending a primary care clinic in Selangor, Malaysia. An assisted structured questionnaire included questions on socio-demography, source of information and level of knowledge. An adapted version of the revised Champion Health Belief Model Scale plus other associated factors for mammography screening up-take were also included as part of the questionnaire. Predictors for mammography screening uptake were only determined in those who were aware about mammography screening. Significant predictors were determined by logistic regression. Results: 447 women were recruited for this study; 99.1% of them (n: 411) were aware about breast cancer. Only 50.1% (n: 206) had knowledge about mammography screening. Prevalence of clinical breast-examination (CBE) was 23.3% (n: 104) and mammography screening up-take was 13.2% (n: 59). The predictors for the latter were those who have had clinical breast-examination (aOR=17.58, 95%CI: 7.68-39.82) and those aged between 50 to 59 years (aOR=3.94, 95%CI: 1.61-9.66) as well as those aged 60 years and above (aOR=6.91, 95%CI: 2.28-20.94). Good knowledge and positive beliefs about mammography screening were not associated with mammography screening uptake. Conclusions: Half of our Malaysian women were aware about mammography screening. However, the uptake of mammography was low. Previous CBE and older age were significant predictors of mammography screening uptake. Increasing CBE services may increase compliance with guidelines.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.246-255
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was designed to identify factors affecting depression among hospitalized older adults prior to discharge from an acute care hospital. Methods: This descriptive study included adults aged 65 or older who were hospitalized in a general hospital in Seoul, Korea. Depression was measured by the Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale and illness perception was evaluated by the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Social support was examined using the Perceived Geriatric Social Support Scale. Data were collected from August 25 to October 12, 2015. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Among a total of 120 participants, 57 patients (47.5%) experienced depression. Mean depression score was $7.37{\pm}3.67$. Depression was associated with illness perception (r=.53, p<.001), social support (r=-.19, p=.043), number of admission due to the recurrence (r=.31, p=.001), and time to recognize discharge plan (r=.25, p=.044). In hierarchical multiple regression, illness perception (${\beta}=.45$, p<.001) and time to recognize discharge plan (${\beta}=.21$, p=.039) were predictors of depression (F=7.68, p<.001, Adjusted $R^2=.38$). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that management of illness perception and timely notice of discharge are important to reduce depression in hospitalized elderly patients.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.228-235
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine factors related with the maintenance of physical activity in Korean old adults with hypertension based on the social cognitive theory. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 300 old adults with hypertension from five public health centers in Korea was conducted using a self-reported questionnaire. Participants were designated as "maintainer" or "discontinuer" based on the reports to the Stages of Readiness to exercise Questionnaire. Results: One hundred seventeen participants (39%) were designated as maintainers. The predictors of the maintenance of physical activity were gender (OR=3.19, p=.049), education (OR=3.50, p=.049), outcome expectation (OR=1.21, p<.001), self-efficacy (OR=.22, p=.007), and physical activity planning (OR=1.19, p=.002). Conclusion: Findings from this study suggest that nursing interventions to improve the maintenance of physical activity in the hypertensive elderly should focus on increasing outcome expectation, self-efficacy, and physical activity planning strategies especially on the female elderly with lower education level.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality in pre-elderly and elderly individuals in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: We employed a case-control study design, utilizing secondary data from the Epidemiology Surveillance, Immunization Prevention, and Disease Control Sections of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Health Office, collected from December 2020 to January 2021. The study included 188 cases and an equal number of controls. Cases were COVID-19 patients confirmed to have died, as reported by hospitals and communities and subsequently verified by healthcare workers. Control subjects were patients who completed a 14-day isolation period and had been officially declared recovered by healthcare professionals. The dependent variable was the mortality of COVID-19 patients in the January 2021 period. The independent variables consisted of demographic data (age and sex), clinical symptoms (cough, runny nose, anosmia, diarrhea, headaches, abdominal pain, muscle pain, and nausea/vomiting), and comorbidities (hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes). Multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression. Results: The multiple logistic regression analysis revealed several factors associated with COVID-19 fatalities in Jakarta: age of 60 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 4.84; 95% CI, 3.00 to 7.80), male (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 2.41 to 3.68), dyspnea (OR, 3.93; 95% CI, 2.04 to 7.55), anosmia (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.46), and heart disease (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.04 to 18.46). Conclusions: The control and prevention of COVID-19 among elderly individuals require particular vigilance. When a COVID-19 case is detected within this demographic, prompt treatment and medication administration are crucial to mitigate the presenting symptoms.