• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.770-775
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• 1998

배경: 심방중격결손증은 선천성심질환중 가장 흔한 질환중의 하나이며 성인에서 진단되는 선천성 심질환 의 30%를 차지한다. 상당수의 환자들이 성인이 될때까지 별다른 증상이 없이 잘 지내기도 하고, 40∼50대에 사망 하는 경우가 많지만, 더 오래 사는 경우도 흔히 발견된다. 가장 흔한 사망원인은 주로 우심부전이나 부정맥이다. 대상 및 방법: 강북삼성병원 흉부외과에서는 1988년부터 1997년 6월까지 총33례의 심방중격결손증을 수술 하였으며, 그중 31례가 성인 심방중격결손증이었다. 동반질환은 삼첨판 폐쇄부전이 2례, 폐동맥판 협착증, 승모판 폐쇄부전 및 삼첨판 폐쇄부전, 그리고 관상동맥질환이 각각 1례였다. 결과: 모든환자에서 첩포봉합술이나 직접봉합술을 이용하여 수술하였으며, 수술후 경과는 모두 양호하였다. 수술후 심전도와 혈류역학, 및 심초음파검사상 호전을 보였다. 결론: 성인의 심방중격결손증은 60세이상의 고령일지라도 폐동맥고혈압이나 우심부전, 부정맥등을 예방 하기 위한 적극적인 외과교정술을 시행하여야 한다

• 응용통계연구
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.769-789
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• 2011

생명표는 특정 집단의 사망 경험(mortality expereience)을 반영하여 각 연령에서의 기대여명을 추정하는 통계적 모형이다. 사망 경험은 사망확률(death probability)을 통해 반영되는데, 사망확률을 추정하기 위해서는 세 가지 사항이 고려되어야 한다. 첫째는 사망률(death rate)로부터 사망확률을 추정하는 방법의 선택이며, 둘째는 사망확률의 불규칙성을 해결하기 위한 평활 방법, 셋째는 초고령 자료의 신뢰성 문제를 해결하기 위한 사망확률 추정 및 확장 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 사망확률 추정방법의 선택을 위해 Chiang 방법, 상수방법, Greville 방법, Reed and Merrell 방법 및 Keyfitz and Frauenthal 방법을 비교하며, 평활 방법으로는 Beers 방법, Greville 방법 및 이동평균 방법을 비교하도록 한다. 또한 초고령에서 사망확률 추정 및 확장을 위해 총 12가지 수학적 함수를 비교한다. 본 논문에서는 각 방법들을 비교함으로써 우리나라에 적합한 생명표 작성 방법을 제시하고, 이를 이용하여 2005년부터 2009년까지의 생명표를 작성하도록 한다. 또한 기간별 성별 기대여명의 역전현상(cross-over)현상을 해결하기 위한 방법을 제시한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1997

Chronic hypertension is associated with impaired endothelial function such as reduced synthesis/release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(EDRF, nitric oxide) and increased synthesis/release of endothelium-derived contracting factor(EDCF) including prostaglandin endoperoxide($PGH_2$) , superoxide anion both in animals and in humans. We have previously shown that ginsenosides lower the blood pressure and enhance the release of nitric oxide(NO) from endothelial cells in the rat aorta of the normotensive rats. The aim of the present study is to examine whether in vivo treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs) with protopanaxatriol ginsenosides(PPT) reduces the blood pressure and improves endothelial function in the isolated thoracic aorta of SHR. In addition, the contractile response to $PGH_2$ and superoxide anion in the aorta treated with PPT was assessed. SHRs at the age of 16 weeks were savaged with PPT(30 mg/kg/ day) for 2 weeks and systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. Whereas blood pressure was significantly increased in SHRs by 5.4 mmHg during this period of treatment, treatment of SHRs with PPT blocked the elevation of blood pressure. Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was significantly increased in the PPT-treated animals. $PGH_2$- and oxygen-derived free radical-induced contractions were significantly suppressed in aortic rings without endothelium from PPT-treated SHR. These findings indicate that PPT reduces the blood pressure of SHR, which may be associated with either increase of NO release or by antagonizing superoxide anion and PGH2 in the aortic smooth muscle.

• Mycobiology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2010

We identified Lacrymaria velutina of the Coprinaceae in Korea. The unusually large and sturdy fruiting body, fibrillose to fibrillose-scaly cap and stalk without a volva with an obscure superior hairy ring zone or hairy annulus, and blackish brown, warted spores distinguished this species from closely related Psathyrella species. An illustrated account of the microscopic traits is presented. Fruiting bodies with obtusely hemispherical caps, 2.5~6 cm, becoming convex with age; surface dry, densely fibrillose-scaly with split margin; stipe, 4.5~6 cm, equal, hollow, fibrillose, dry, whitish above the superior ring zone, light brown below; crowded gills, adnexed, dark black at maturity. Pileipellis typically cellular with the gill edge appearing white and beaded. Blackish brown basidiospores that discolor in concentrated sulfuric acid. Spores elliptical, warted, $9\sim11{\times}6\sim8{\mu}m$, with prominent snout-like germpores. Cheilocystidia abundant, $57\sim68{\times}19\sim25{\mu}m$, and narrowly elongated clavate, often clustered in threes or fours. Pleurocystidia rarely present, $45\sim47.5{\times}12\sim13{\mu}m$, and clavate to utriform. This trait distinguishes our sample as L. velutina from other Psathyrella spp. of the Coprinaceae, which have smooth spores. This taxon was clarified by the observation that Psathyrella spores fade in concentrated sulfuric acid. A molecular phylogenetic study revealed that our specimen was Lacrymria velutipes, which is closely related to Lacrymaria lacrymabunda. Moreover, those two species are clearly distinguishable from other Psathyrella species, which agreed with the morphologically distinctive traits described above. We believe that this is the first report of this taxon, which has not been described in Korea.

• 치과방사선
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.127-137
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• 1983

The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostic criteria of normal submandibular glands in adults. Materials included 132 sialograms of selected person from 23 to 28 years of age. In subjects each variable was measured and evaluated statistically introducing 18 items respectively. Conclusions from this study were as follows. 1. The mean diameter of main duct was 1.96㎜ in distal end and 2.71㎜ in hilar end, so the diameter of distal end was smaller than that of hilar end in submandibular glands. 2. The mean length of main duct was 42.02㎜ in submandibular glands. 3. The mean angle of main duct was 35.67 degrees with inferior border of mandible and 103.05 degrees at posterior mylohyoid portion. 4. In configurations following shape of main duct, those revealed that 39.39% of cases of the curvilinear type, 16.67% of cases of the linear type, 22.73% of cases of the sigmiod type and 21.21% of cases of the angular type. And in configurations following course of main duct, those revealed that 83.33% of cases of the smooth type and 16.67% of cases of the tortuous type. 5. The mean caliber of submandibular glands was 45.59㎜ in superoinferior height, 43.56㎜ in anteroposterior width, 28.85㎜ in mediolateral width and 33.65㎜ in extent below mandibular angle. 6. Well-delineated acinar parenchyme was observed in 77.28% of cases and well-defined tertiary ducts in 50.06% of cases. 7. There were no differences between right and left submandibular glands in size and shape of main duct and parenchymal portion, but there were great variations in each individual.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.351-358
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• 2017

본 연구는 영화 '수상한 그녀'에서 노령화에 대한 애도의 과정을 융 복합적으로 분석하였다. 영화의 내용을 반복적으로 탐색하면서 주인공이 노화과정에서 나타난 노년의 상실감을 애도의 과정으로 해석하면서 정신분석학적으로 탐색하였다. 즉 노화 과정을 인생의 재해석 과정과 향후 삶에 대한 발달적 태도 변화를 애도의 심리세계로 정신분석학적으로 분석하였다. 연구결과의 애도과정은 '상실과 결핍' ${\rightarrow}$ '도피와 퇴행' ${\rightarrow}$ '탈동일시와 탈집중' ${\rightarrow}$ '새로운 현실 적응'으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과에 의하여 상담자는 내담자의 애도작업이 원만하게 이루어지도록 심리적 애도환경 조성에 주력해야 할 뿐 아니라, 내담자의 애도능력 향상을 위한 복합적 상담기법을 구사할 수 있어야 함을 제언하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.725-729
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• 1998

기관지내 평활근종은 매우 드물며, 이 종양은 하부호흡기계 양성 종양의 2%에서 발생된다. 평활근종은 청장년 나이에 주로 생기며, 기관지와 폐실질에는 평균연령35세에, 기관에는 40.6세에 생긴다. 증상은 종양의 위치, 크기 그리고 병변 하부 폐의 상태변화에 따라 변한다. 37세의 여자환자가 기침을 주소로 입원하여, 기관지 내시경검사에서 기관분기부에 타원형의 궤양이없고, 매끈한, 연갈색을 띄고 있는 종양에 의해서 우측주기관지가 완전히 폐쇄되고 종괴의 일부가 좌주기관지로 넘어가는 것을 확인하였고, 조직 생검검사을 실시하여 방추형 세포로 구성된 양성 종양으로 판단 되었다. 우측폐의 만성감염과 공기 주입시 폐팽창이 되지 않아서 전폐적출술을 시행하였다. 수술 후의 조직검사을 통해 평활근종으로 진단되었다. 수술 후 경과는 양호 하였다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.617-627
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• 2001

This study examined health foods intakes and related variables among the middle aged(150 men and 159 women) in the Jeonbuk region. Health foods were classified into 4 groups including Chinese medicine(CM), toner foods(TF), vitamin or mineral supplements(VMS), and other manufactured health food supplements(MHFS). The number of people taking health foods were higher for those in their 50's than in their 40's. The consumption rate of TF in men was the highest among health foods, this result had significance. The reasons for taking health foods were recovery from fatigue, supplement of nutrients and making smooth body activity in general, but TF was used to increase of vigor. The consumption rate of health foods was a little different according to social-economic factors, namely, the consumption rate of CM was higher in people in rural than urban areas, those who graduated from middle school than university, blue color & self-employed as opposed to housewives and service workers, low level income than high level income, and Buddhism and no religion than Christian. The consumption rate had a correlation with the habits of smoking, alcohol drinking and exercise ; namely, the consumption rate of CM was higher than VMS and MHFS on smokers and alcohol drinkers. The more the frequency of exercise, the higher the consumption rate of TF, but the duration of the exercise was not correlated. This study suggests that middle aged people need nutritional education for the right recognition and selection of health foods and to consider the nature of each type of health foods.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.374-378
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• 2014

Background Angioleiomyoma, a vascular leiomyoma, is a rare, benign smooth-muscle tumor that originates in the tunica media of vessels. It occurs anywhere in the body, most frequently in the lower extremities. Methods We reviewed the medical records of 16 patients who were treated for angioleiomyoma between 2000 and 2012. The clinical features of angioleiomyoma and the correlation between symptoms and pathological subtypes were investigated. Results There were 9 males and 6 females. Ages of the patients ranged from 21 to 61. Pain was the primary symptom in 44% of the patients. Tumors were smaller than 2.0 cm in all dimensions and were located in the face in 4 patients, whereas 5 lesions occurred in the upper extremities and the remaining 7 in the lower extremities. Three histologic subtypes were identified: solid, venous, and cavernous. The subtypes did not correlate with the clinical symptoms. Conclusions Angioleiomyoma appears to be a rare tumor that occurs in the face and the extremities. The tumor usually occurs in middle age. A differential diagnosis of this tumor is difficult, but the tumor should be considered in the diagnosis of painful subcutaneous masses. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful in the diagnosis of angioleiomyoma. These tumors can be successfully treated with simple excision, with a low recurrence rate.

• Food Quality and Culture
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.64-68
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• 2009

This descriptive analysis study investigated the sensory characteristics and the drivers of liking for seven types of makgeolli differing in grain composition and pasteurization conditions. Six trained panelists participated in the descriptive analysis. In the consumer acceptance test involving 23 males and 34 females, two of the seven varieties were excluded due to their similar sensory characteristics. Analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and partial least square regression analysis were conducted. Sensory characteristics of makgeolli varied markedly depending on the ingredients and processing methods. Makgeolli samples with relatively high content of millet flour were characterized as being smooth and strong, with a roasted carbohydrate flavor, whereas samples with enriched rice content were rated high in attributes such as bitterness, carbonation, and residual flavor. Sourness decreased in pasteurized samples. Participant's age rather than gender influence the liking for makgeolli. Older consumers tend to prefer samples with stronger flavor than did younger consumers. Clustering consumer groups based on the preference for makgeolli samples provided profound insight concerning the beverage aspects that were appealing, which should be useful in consumer targeting of particular varieties of makgeolli.