• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.111-129
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 자녀의 또래 상호작용에 영향을 미치는 자녀의 정서표현에 대한 어머니의 수용태도와 자녀의 정서지능의 효과를 살펴보았다. 서울 경기지역에 거주하는 3-5세 유아를 둔 부모 145명과 유아의 담임선생님이 본 연구에 참여를 하였으며, 수거한 설문지는 SPSS 17을 사용하여, F 검증과 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 우선 유아의 정서 지능은 유아의 성에 따라 차이가 있었고, 어머니의 정서 수용태도는 여아의 부정적인 정서표현을 할 때 만 차이가 나타나는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자녀의 긍정적인 또래 상호작용에 영향을 주는 변인은 유아의 성과 유아의 정서 지능이었으며, 자녀의 부정적인 또래 상호작용에 영향을 주는 변인은 유아의 연령과 유아의 정서 지능이었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.866-873
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• 2008

Purpose: The study was done to compare quality of life by gender, and to identify factors which explain quality of life in individuals with coronary artery disease. Methods: For the survey, 91 individuals (53 men and 38 women) agreed to participate in the study. Cardiovascular risk factors, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, health behavior as well as quality of life, were measured. Descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS WIN 12.0 were used to analyze the data. Results: Significant gender differences were found for education, smoking status, chronic disease, perceived health status, and quality of life within sub-dimensions. Hierarchical regression analysis showed gender (men), age, perceived health status, cardiovascular risk scores, and health behaviors together explained 40.2% (adjusted $R^2$) of variance in quality of life. Conclusion: As the factors explaining quality of me in individuals with coronary artery disease have been identified as gender (men), age, perceived health status, and health behaviors, health promotion programs designed for this population should focus on these factors for effective behavioral modification, and consequent improvement in quality of life.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2020

This paper examines the impact of gender on access to debt finance among Vietnamese enterprises. The paper investigates data and variables retrieved from the World Bank Enterprise Survey dataset using five Probit models. The regression results suggest that there exist more unfavourable debt financing conditions for women-led firms (WLF), measured as a lower probability of having loan applications fully approved. Firm's age, working sector, and perception of access to finance as a difficulty are found to have explanatory power on the discrimination. More importantly, the perception of debt finance as a difficulty or firms' level of confidence significantly explains the variance of the dependent variable of probability of loan approval, or gender effect would be more pronounced if the firm already has a low level of confidence. The paper also contributes in testing for the gender effect on Vietnamese enterprises from different sectors and scale, unlike other prior research papers focusing on specific sectors and/or small and medium enterprises only. The findings are highly useful for Vietnamese credit institutions to set out a specific business policy to attract more WLFs and help promoting gender equality in the working environment, especially in debt financing, which is often neglected in existing regulation and policy frameworks.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.492-505
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• 2002

This paper examined gender differences in a rate, type, relevant variables of delinquent behavior, and a gender differences regarding the relative influence of family, personality, academic achievement, sexual abuse and alcohol .drug abuse on delinquent behavior among Korean adolescents. Method: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires. Subjects consisted of 2,100 adolescents (male 1,396, female 704) in Korea, using proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods were Chi-square, t-test and path analysis. Result: Male adolescents had higher rate of delinquent behavior, and more all types of delinquent behavior (antisocial, aggressive, and psychopathic) than female. Male adolescents showed more dysfunctional family dynamic environments, higher antisocial personality and sociability than female adolescents. Female adolescents had higher depressive tendencies than male. The most powerful contributing variables on male delinquent behavior were age, antisocial personality, parent-child relationship, isolation feelings, and sexual abuse in this order named. Drug abuse, isolation feelings, antisocial personality and parent-child relationship tended to be contributing variables for female delinquent behaviors in this order named. Conclusion: This investigation will provides a foundation for theory that addresses the complexities of both gender-specific and gender influences on delinquent behavior and development of preventive strategies for female delinquency.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

Purpose: This study investigated the possible correlation between the mineralization of the second molars and the chronological age of a sample population of the state of Paraiba, Brazil. Materials and Methods: One thousand eight hundred fifty-four digitized panoramic images using a scanner of a private dental radiology service were obtained in six months. Of these, 457 were selected from patients aged 4.6 to 16 years who met certain criteria. The images were assessed twice by a radiologist with 5 years experience. A minimum interval of 30 days between the evaluations of the same patient was established. To analyze the relationship between chronological age, calcification level proposed by Demirjian et al in 1973, gender, and tooth, a multiple linear regression model was adjusted, taking age as the response variable (p<0.05). Results: The gender and calcification level were significantly correlated with the age of the patients (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the average age of the patients' upper teeth compared to the lower ones in both genders (p<0.05). The dental development occurred earlier in female individuals than in male ones, and there was no significant difference between the right and left second permanent molars. Conclusion: It was observed that ethnic variables are related to certain parameters of age and sex identification in the Brazilian population, providing important information for forensic evaluations.

• 한국인구학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.59-77
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• 2003

이 논문은 노후 경제적 자원이 노인의 성에 따라 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 경험적으로 살펴보려는 의도를 가진다. 이를 위해 노후의 자립적 수입원 보유여부와 수입액을 중심으로 성에 따라 개인적 수준과 가족 및 가구 수준의 변수들이 어떠한 차별적 효과를 가지는지를 살펴보았다. '전국 노인생활실태 및 복지욕구조사(1998)' 자료를 이용해 남녀노인전체를 대상으로 한 모형과 남녀노인별 모형을 동시에 분석해 본 결과 노인들의 성에 따라 그 효과의 크기나 방향이 다른 변수들이 적지 않음을 확인하였다. 특히 두드러진 성별 차이를 보이는 변수들은 배우자유무. 자녀동거여부이다. 배우자유무의 경우. 이 변수가 경제적 자원과 긍정적인 관계를 맺는 정도는 남성노인보다는 여성노인에게서 높게 나타났다. 또한 자녀동거여부는 남성노인들에서는 자신들의 경제적 자원과 무관하거나 긍정적인 관계를 갖는 반면, 여성노인에 있어서는 부정적인 관계를 보였다. 이는 여성노인들의 배우자에 대한 의존성과 자녀에 대한 의존성을 반영하는 것이다. 이러한 결과들은 노인들의 성에 따라 이들의 개인적 혹은 가족 및 가구적 특성이 그들의 경제적 자원상황과 다른 방식으로 연결되어 있음을 보여주며, 노인들의 성에 따라 차별적으로 작용하는 기제, 혹은 주요변인들에 대한 보다 많은 논의와 연구가 필요함을 의미한다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare the width ratio of maxillary anterior teeth according to age in the Korean population and to evaluate the maxillary central incisor width-to-length (W/L) ratio, given differences in age and gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ninety-three Korean adults were divided into 3 groups (n = 31) by age. Group I was 20 - 39 years old, Group II was 40 - 59 years old, and Group III was over 60 years of age. After taking an impression and a cast model of the maxillary arch, the anterior teeth width ratio and central incisor W/L ratio were calculated from standard digital images of the cast models using a graph paper with a digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera. The calculated ratios were compared among all groups and central incisor W/L ratio were analyzed according to age and gender. All comparative data were statistically analyzed with one-sample t-tests, one-way ANOVAs with Tukey tests, and independent t-tests. RESULTS. No significant differences in maxillary anterior teeth ratios were found among the age groups. The maxillary central incisor W/L ratios in Group III were the greatest and were significantly higher than those in the other groups. The central incisor W/L ratio of men was higher than that of women in Group II. CONCLUSION. Maxillary anterior teeth width ratios were similar in all age groups in the Korean population. The maxillary central incisor was observed as worn teeth in the group over 60 years of age, and a significant difference between genders was found in 40 to 50 year olds.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

This study analyzed requirements for medical masks and difference in satisfaction based on demographic characteristics and side effects experience caused by wearing medical masks. Three factors related to requirements for medical masks were identified: wearing comfort and usability, blocking function for harmfulness, and design. As a result of the difference analysis for requirements of medical masks based on demographic characteristics, all three factors showed a significant difference in gender and occupation. Design did in age and monthly income. As a result of the presence or absence of breathing difficulties experience, design factor was significant. As a result of the presence or absence of skin trouble experience, wearing comfort and usability showed a significant difference. As a result of the difference in satisfaction with medical masks based on demographic characteristics and side effect experience caused by wearing medical masks, breathing, ear string tightness, blocking harmful substances, price, and over all wearing comfort showed a significant difference by gender, marital status, age, occupation, and monthly income, and the presence of absence of breathing difficulty experience and skin trouble experience, respectively. As a result of the interaction effect analysis between demographic characteristics and side effects experience caused by wearing medical masks, it showed a significant interaction effect between gender and monthly income, between marital status and monthly income, between monthly income and breathing difficulties experience, and between monthly income and skin trouble experience.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to investigate the health status and to identify the influencing factors on health status by gender among service workers. Method: Data were collected from the self-reported survey of 781 service workers in sales, food & lodging industry. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS Win 10.0. Result: The influencing factors of male workers' health status were job satisfaction, standing hour during work time, physical work environment, job demand and family support. The influencing factors of female workers' health status were job satisfaction, emotional labor, physical work environment, regular exercise, standing hour during work time, social support and age. Conclusion: Gender specific occupational Health program for service workers should be developed in consideration of these influencing factors.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.175-193
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• 2018

This study identified the rate of income poverty and multidimensional poverty, correlation between income poverty and multidimensional poverty, and adjusted multidimensional poverty rate. We also analyzed the factors that affected the number of poverty dimension and the probability of belonging to the poor or not in 3,159 elderly households including 474 poor households and 2,685 middle class households. First, in poor households, the employment poverty rate was the highest and the housing poverty rate was the lowest. In middle class households, the relation poverty rate was the highest and the employment poverty rate was the lowest. Second, in poor households, correlation between asset poverty and relation poverty had the highest coefficient of .205 and asset poverty and housing poverty had the lowest coefficient of .149. In middle class households, the correlation between income poverty and relation poverty had highest coefficient of -.290 and employment poverty and relation poverty had the lowest coefficient of .038. Third, in poor households, the number of average poverty dimension was 4.30, but the number of average poverty dimensions of middle class households was 2.310. Fourth, the variable affecting the number of poverty dimensions in poor households were gender, age, level of education, marital status; however, the significant variables were gender, education level, marital status, income poverty in the middle class households. The variable that affected the probability of belonging to the poor or not in poor households was age. However, the significant variables were gender, education level, marital status, residence, and income poverty in middle class households.