• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2003

Purpose : This investigation was carried out to understand how various gender role identity in adolescence affect sexual intercourse. In addition, it was done to support and encourage gender role identity which can protect themselves from physical, psychological, social sexuality. Method : From 2003 7.1 to 7.19, questionnaire made by Lee BS(2002) was distributed to 1172 girl high school students in Seoul. Its reliability was as high as 0.80 and it was analysed by SPSS. Result : In the 3 kinds of gender role identity, girls who had sexual relations showed higher feminity and masculinity and did not show any difference in social desirability. in the 4 kinds of gender role identity, girls with sexual experience showed higher frequency in oder of androgyny and undifferentiated. In 8kinds, bisexuality was higher and girls with experience showed undifferentiated of low social desirability. There were no difference between the gender role identity and the age of the first sexual experience. The factors that affected gender role identity were school, grade, economic standard and whether they have a girlfriend or boyfriend. Conclusion : Programs that focus on problem solving of sexual education for androgyny of sexually high experienced and undifferentiated of low social desirability, should be provided.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.435-455
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• 2021

본 연구는 COVID-19 확산 이후의 소득 변화와 소득 수준이 우울에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 성별의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 참가자는 온라인 조사업체를 통하여 모집한 성인 634명(M_age=44.18, SD_age=13.88, 여성 313명)이었다. COVID-19 이후의 소득 변화는 7점 척도로 측정하였고(1="50% 이상 상승," 4="변화 없음," 7="50% 이상 하락"), 소득 수준은 지난 6개월 동안의 월평균 소득을 단답형으로 응답하도록 하였다. 또한, 한국판 CES-D로 최근 일주일 동안 경험한 우울 수준을 측정하였다. 선형회귀분석 결과, 팬데믹 이전에 비해 부정적인 방향으로의 소득 변화가 클수록 우울이 높게 나타났으며, 소득 수준은 우울을 유의하게 예측하지 않았다. PROCESS Macro를 활용한 조절효과 분석에서는 소득 변화와 소득 수준이 각각 성별과 상호작용하여 우울을 예측하였다. 구체적으로, 소득 변화가 우울을 예측하는 결과는 남성에게서만 유의한 반면, 소득 수준이 우울을 예측하는 결과는 여성에게서만 유의하였다. 본 연구는 소득 관련 지표가 팬데믹 기간의 우울에 미치는 영향이 성별에 따라 차별적임을 확인하고, 우울에의 효과적이고 효율적인 개입을 위한 기초지식을 제공한다는 함의를 지닌다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계점과 후속연구를 제언하였다.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.213-224
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore children's gender differences in their clothing orientation and clothing Purchase behaviors. For this study, data were collected from 166 fifth and sixth graders attending three elementary schools in Seoul. Questionnaire survey data were analyzed through factor analysis, cross-tabulation, and test. In result, gender differences were found in children's clothing orientation, clothing purchase behaviors, and post-purchase behaviors. Girls were more interested in clothing than were boys, and thus girls used a variety of information sources for clothing shopping, taking an active role during the purchase process, compared to boys. Different characteristics of two gender groups of older children in school age were described. Marketing implications based on findings were provided for practitioners.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.578-587
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the food behavior during the childhood, the influence of food behavior on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and the pattern of influence of food behavior on behavior problem depending on children's age and gender. A total of 171 children aged 5 and 6 years were selected who attended 3 nurseries and 1 kindergarten in Seoul, and the survey data responded by teachers were analyzed. The results were as follows. First, children with higher levels of food behavior showed less internalizing behavior problems compared to those with lower levels of food behavior. The main effects and interaction of gender and age were not significant. Second, children with higher levels of food behavior showed less externalizing behavior problems compared to those with lower levels of food behavior. For hyperactivity, interaction of age and food behavior was significant, and age and the interaction of age and food behavior affected children's agression. Food behavior of children affects behavior problem and, therefore, children with better food behavior showed less behavior problems in the same circumstances.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to explore gender differences on presenting patients with acute myocardial infarction in the emergency department. Methods: The survey was done with 143 emergency medical charts presented to the emergency department and diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction between January 2005 and December 2006. The collected data were analyzed with frequency, chi-square, and t-test. Results: Significant gender differences were apparent in age, route to the emergency department, elapsed time from onset of symptoms to arrival, and initial heart rate. Women were significantly more likely to report hypertension, diabetes, and congestive heart failure than men, but men were significantly more likely to report smoking. Chest pain was the most common initial symptom in both men and women. Women were significantly more likely to report dyspnea and nausea/vomiting than men. Conclusion: Although similarities exist in the associated symptoms of acute myocardial infarction, women might experience different symptoms, compared to men. These findings have implication that patients and health care providers should consider gender difference in presenting symptoms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2013

Background: It is known that blood group antigens are related to the development of peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Infections due to H. pylori are most widespread among the developing regions due to poor standard of public health. This study sought to determine the association of H. pylori with ABO blood groups, age, gender, and smoking status among inpatients at a public sector hospital in Karachi. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at endoscopy suite at a public sector hospital in Karachi in the year 2011. All the symptomatic patients coming for upper GIT endoscopy were included in this study. Results: Biopsy for histopathology was taken from 93 patients, with an age range from 15-65 years. Age group of 15 to 20 years was found to be associated with H. pylori infection but without significance (p-value 0.83). In all, 36 (38.7%) turned out to be H. pylori positive with a significant male preponderance (p=0.04). Distribution of ABO blood groups in H. pylori positive group were A=31.4%, B=15.4%, AB=25.0% and O=53.7%, with a statistically significant link for blood group O (p=0.05). Rhesus factor was also compared but significant relationship was evident (p-value 0.73). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that H. pylori infection can be related to ABO blood group, middle age persons and male gender. People of blood group O are more prone to develop infection related gastritis, ulcers, and even perforations, so they should be more cautious against transmission of the bacterium.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2004

This paper reports the results on age and gender of Korean elderly people for the level of difficulty in performing household tasks (meal preparation, grocery shopping, house cleaning, laundry), personal tasks (dressing, bathing, grooming), transfer tasks (getting in and out of chairs, getting in and out of bath-tub, using stairs) and management tasks (using telephone, accessing mail, operating door locks). A questionnaire based on the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale was constructed and administered to 40 Korean elderly subjects aged from 65 to 84(mean age: 74.5, SD: 5.8) in Busan. Additionally, a logistic regression was performed with age (continuous variable) and gender as predictor variables, and reponses to individual questions as the categorical ordinal response variables. To determine appropriate age separation at which difficulty levels in performing activities of daily living change, a discriminant analysis was performed on the responses. All predictor variables were used in the analysis. Accommodating age related changes in functional abilities, and increasing functional independence of elderly people will entail significant design modifications to products, systems and environments for daily use and living.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate factors influencing suicidal ideation among Korean adults. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey conducted in 2012 were analyzed in this study. The subjects were categorized into three groups by subjects' age(defined as young adults(20-39), middle-aged adults(40-59), and the elderly(60 or more). Data were analyzed by frequency, Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression using SPSS 18.0. Results: The factors influencing suicidal ideation were different among three age groups. The influencing factors were (1) gender, marital status, household income, perceived stress and depression in the young adult group, (2) household income, perceived health status, perceived stress and depression in the middle-aged group, (3) gender, regular physical activity, smoking, perceived health status, perceived stress and depression in the elderly group. Conclusions: The health education considering the characteristics of each age group should be developed and applied to prevent adults' suicidal ideation because the factors influencing suicidal ideation were revealed differently between the age groups.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2012

Recent research has identified that self-reported voice problems are a risk indicator for voice disorders. However, previous studies concerning the general population did not take into account the influence of gender on self-reported voice problems. The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the gender differences in risk factors of self-reported voice problems in the Korean adult population using national survey data. This study utilized data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2008. Subjects inclued 3,622 people (1,508 male and 2,114 female) aged 19 years and older living in the community. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of self-reported voice problems was 5.9% in males, and 8.1% in females Females had higher incidents of self-reported voice problems than males. Adjusting for covariates, in males, age (OR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.07-5.70), pain and discomfort during the last two weeks (OR=3.64, 95% CI: 2.20-6.01) were independently associated with self-reported voice problems (p<0.05). In women, age (OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.18-3.26), education (OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.06-4.12), smoking (OR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.48-4.93), thyroid disorders (OR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.47-4.53), pain and discomfort during the last two weeks (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.21-2.54) were independently associated with self-reported voice problem (p<0.05). Self-reported voice problems related risk factors differed according to gender. These findings suggest that there needs to be different program strategies that reflect gender differences in self-reported voice problems.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to identify the importance of emotional development in early childhood, in children ages three to five, by examining the relationship between the variables in the children such as gender, age, and temperament, as well as their mothers' emotionality, in relation to emotional development. The participants included a total of 72 children between three and five years of age. The major findings are as follow: First, there were significant differences in emotional expression and emotional recognition between the boys and the girls. Additionally, the emotional recognition of the children increased as age increased, and more positive strategies for emotional regulation were used with the increasing age of the children. Temperament characteristics did not have any relationship with emotional expression or emotional recognition, while the strategies for emotional regulation were related to the temperament characteristics. Second, the emotional expressivity of the mother was related to the emotional expression and recognition of the child, but wes not associated with strategies for emotional regulation. The emotional reactivity of the mother was related to a child's strategies for emotional regulation, but not to emotional expression or recognition. Third, emotional development of the children wes influenced by the individual child variables and emotionality of the mother.