• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.345-355
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development direction and strategy for medicines through analysis of differences in choice attributes according to customers awareness of medicines and experience. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on dietary education among national network trainees and lecturers by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock in Daegu, Gyeongsan, and Ulsan, Seoul from December 5, 2016, respectively. First, factor analysis results showed that six factors were extracted with respect to the choice of the restaurant. Second, the difference in each factor according to the recognition and experience of medicinal herbs was the health related factor as sex, females, age 50~59 years, companion others, and publicity and advertising' factors were more important for publicity and advertisement when the gender was female, the customer's age was 40~49 years, the companion was other, and the time of use was during the weekend. Among the factors related to 'getting dressed', the more important gender was female, age 40~49 years, and the other partner, The factors related to 'time' were as follows: sex, age, age 20~29 years, no accompanying companions, no time of use, and time importance. The 'menu' factors were more important for men, gender, women, age 40~49 years, companion for guitar, and usage time for weekend dinner. The 'service' factors were more important in 'service' as sex, male age, age 20~29, companion family, usage time, and weekend dinner.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.3117-3126
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• 2018

정보보안의 중요성이 대두되고 있는 현재 운영체제 업데이트는 안전한 인터넷 사용 환경을 유지하기 위한 기본 사항이다. 그러나 성별과 연령 등 이용자의 개인적인 속성이나 사회경제적 환경에 따라 정보보안 실천과 관련하여 집단별 격차가 여전히 존재하고 있다. 본 연구는 인터넷 상의 정보보호와 관련하여 침해사고 예방 행위 중 운영체제 업데이트 실시여부가 성별과 연령대 별로 연관성이 있는지를 분석하고, 성별과 연령대가 미치는 영향력을 실증적으로 분석하여 이들 요인에 대한 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국인터넷진흥원이 2016년 조사한 정보보호 실태조사 자료를 기반으로 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 성별과 연령대 별 집단의 차이는 운영체제 업데이트의 실시여부에 관련 있는 요인으로 조사되었다. 성별과 연령대 별 요인들이 운영체제 업데이트의 실시여부에 미치는 영향력을 분석한 결과, 성별에 있어서는 운영체제 업데이트 실시여부의 오즈가 남자보다 여자가 0.419배 높다고 추정되었다. 연령대 별 운영체제 업데이트의 실시여부에서는 정보화 취약계층인 50대를 기초로 분석한 결과 50대에 비해 20대는 오즈가 13.266배 높다는 결과가 나왔다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2016

This study is designed to investigate the impact of employee's awareness about corporate social responsibility on innovative behavior among frontline employees in the hotel industry. In addition, the present study seeks to demonstrate whether employees awareness about corporate social responsibility or innovative behavior varies according to gender, age, education level and employment type. In order to achieve the study goal, the data were obtained from frontline employees(Rooms division, F&B division) working in the 5-star hotels. And the data were analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis were undertaken using SPSS(18.0). The results showed that gender, age and employment type were not significant factors to generate differences on awareness about corporate social responsibility. But the higher educated employee was likely to perceive the awareness about corporate social responsibility better. Employee's innovative behavior varied on all of gender, age, education level and employment type. In other words, employee who is male, in the older age group, in the higher educated level and the full-time position tends to do more innovative behavior. Implications based on the study results are also discussed.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.112-112
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• 2002

The age- and gender-related differences in acute toxicity and opening of blood-brain barrier induced by an organophosphate soman were investigated in rats. To assess acute toxicity, young (7 weeks old) and old (12 weeks old) male and female rats were subcutaneously administered with various dose levels of soman.(omitted)

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relevance of gender, age, and BMI (Body Mass Index) to changes in the urinary creatinine concentration in Korean adults. We recruited and surveyed 2,156 persons $\geq$20 years of age from 98 districts across the country, and collected urine samples for analyzing the creatinine concentration. Participants were 41.6% men and 58.4% women. In terms of age, the percentage of the population in their 20's and $\geq$60 years of age was relatively similar, with 13.6% and 17.8%, respectively, while the percentages in their 30's, 40's and 50's were also relatively similar, with 22.0%, 24.0%, and 22.6%, respectively. The proportion of participants in their 20's and 30's who were underweight (according to the BMI) was 25% and 19.2%, respectively, but only 6.2~6.4% of those $\geq$40 years of age were underweight. This showed that the underweight proportion in elder generations was less than that in younger generations. Meanwhile, the proportion who were overweight was 13.7%, 18.8%, 28.6%, 27.9%, 32.0% when the participants were in their 20's, 30's, 40's, 50's and $\geq$60 years of age, respectively (p<0.000). This showed that the overweight proportion increased along with increasing age. The overall urinary creatinine concentration was 10 mg/dl (arithmetic mean: AM), and 92.2 mg/dl (geometric mean: GM). The urinary creatinine concentration in men (132.6 mg/dl, AM) was significantly higher than that in women (93.3 mg/dl, AM (p<0.000)). Showing a similar trend in men and women, urinary creatinine concentrations were highest when the participants were in their 20's (135.6 mg/dl, AM), and tended to decrease with increasing age. Urinary creatinine concentrations in overweight and obese subjects (AM of 117.9 mg/dl and 118.0 mg/dl, respectively) were significantly higher than in other groups, and this trend was similar in men and women. In conclusion, we found that urinary concentrations were significantly affected by gender, age, and BMI, and that care should therefore be exercised when correcting urinary metabolites according to the urinary creatinine concentration.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2010

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) allows measurement of blood flow velocity to be made from the basal intracerebral vessels. Blood flow velocity in TCD is highly affected not only by blood vessel diameter, blood flow volume, blood viscosity, but also age and sex. Therefore, the study is focused on the correlation between TCD measurement index and sex/age. Subjects were 214 (male 147, famale 67) who had TCD for headache and stroke evaluations at Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital neurology department from December 2009 to April 2010. Sex did not show significant differences with mean flow velocity (MFV), peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV), end diastolic flow velocity (EDFV), pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) in middle cerebral artery (MCA). Although age also did not show significant differences with MFV and PSFV, EDFV has statistically decreased with age, and PI and RI has statistically increased with age. In addition, age showed significant correlation with MFV, EDFV, PI and RI, but not with PSFV. Therefore, TCD is definitely correlated with age and sex, so that those influencial factors must be considered when being tested.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.32-47
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• 2020

Objectives: Calcium (Ca) is an insufficiently consumed nutrient, whereas phosphorus (P) intake has exceeded the recommended intake level in Korea over the past decade. The purpose of this study was to analyze dietary Ca and P intakes and their contribution rate according to dish groups. Methods: A 24-hour dietary recall survey of 640 healthy adults (aged 19-69 years) was undertaken twice in four Korean provinces. Dietary Ca and P intakes and their rates of contribution from 31 major dish groups were analyzed and compared by gender, age group, and region. Results: The average Ca and P intakes of the subjects were 542.1 ± 222.2 mg/d and 1,068.3 ± 329.0 mg/d, respectively. The intakes of Ca and P as percentages of recommended nutrients intake (RNI%) were 71.7 ± 29.8% and 152.6 ± 47%, respectively, and the percentages under the estimated average requirement were 60.3% for Ca and 3.8% for P. The RNI% of Ca was not significantly different between males and females, but was significantly higher in subjects in the sixties age group than in other age groups and was significantly lower in the Korean capital than in other regions. The RNI% of P did not significantly differ by gender or age groups, but it was significantly higher in the capital than in Gyeong-sang. The five major dish groups contributing to Ca intake (contribution rate) were milks/dairy products 69.2 ± 109.2 mg/d (12.6%), soups 55.6 ± 69.6 mg/d (10.1%), stir-fried foods 53.1 ± 70.7 mg/d (9.7%), stews 43.4 ± 85.4 mg/d (7.9%), and kimchi 38.4 ± 31.8 mg/d (7.0%). The five major dish group contributing to P intake (contribution rate) were cooked rice 160.7 ± 107.1 mg/d (14.9%), stir-fried foods 88.5 ± 89.4 mg/d (8.2%), soups 76.7 ± 85.8 mg/d (7.1%), one-dish meals 63.3 ± 94.4 mg/d (5.9%), and stews 62.6 ± 89.3 mg/d (5.8%). The dish groups contributing to Ca and P intakes differed somewhat by gender, age group, and region. Conclusions: Programs to improve the nutritional status of Ca and P intakes should consider the differences in Ca and P contribution rates by dish groups as well as by gender, age group, and region.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.7-18
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether there is a difference in the prevalence of hypertension according to gender, occupational group, and occupational group according to gender. Research design, data, and methodology: This study classified the occupational groups according to the gender of men and women between the ages of 20 and 49 into office workers and non-office workers from the 7th 2017 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2,691 people were surveyed, including 1,394 office workers and 1,297 non-office workers. Frequency analysis, chi-square, and Independent T-test for distribution difference analysis of categorical variables analysis for occupation and hypertension were applied. Statistical significance was verified at 0.001 to determine the validity analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS 24.0 program. Results: The main risk factors for hypertension were gender, age, education, obesity, smoking, drinking, family history, and chronic diseases. There were differences in the prevalence of hypertension among office workers and non-office workers. Conclusions: Men had a higher prevalence of hypertension than women, while non-office workers had a higher prevalence than office workers. In the case of women, non-office workers have a higher prevalence of hypertension than white-collar workers.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.258-262
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to offer some standards for the classification of Sasang Constitutions according to age groups through analyzing the characteristics of their body shape and comparing with their frontal silhouettes. The subject of this study were 192 female and 167 male patients who aged from 17 to 64 in Pusan. They were treated with Sasang Constitutional medicine. 5 Heights, 7 widths of their body were measured with modified IBS-2000. Collected 12 anthropometric data was analyzed by T-test and ANOVA. Width is more suitable than height in estimating Sasang Constitutions regardless of gender differences. W2_1, W2_2, W2_4, W2_5, W2_51 are suitable to estimate Sasang Constitutions regardless of gender differences and age groups. in case of female, H45 in 33${\sim}$64 age group is suitable to estimate Sasang Constitutions. In case of male, H12, W2_1 in 17${\sim}$32 age group and H01, W2_0, H23 in 33${\sim}$64 age group are suitable to estimate Sasang Constitutions. All Sasang Constitutions with the exception of Taeyangin female have to consider age groups, when we estimate Sasang Constitutions. From the above results, we have to consider not only gender differences but also age groups to classify Sasang Constitutions from body shape point of view.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2022

Entrepreneurs with behavioral finance biases are more likely to make irrational or financially detrimental decisions. Understanding financial behavior biases can assist in making sound financial decisions. Behavioral finance is a new topic that can assist researchers in better understanding investor behavior and preferences while purchasing and selling stocks. Using measures such as independent t-tests and average Likert five-point scale scores, this study seeks to determine how entrepreneurs make investment decisions and whether gender makes a difference. The study is empirical, and data from 1000 entrepreneurs were collected through convenience sampling. The study's main findings show that there are numerous factors to consider while investing in stocks, including family planning, children's education, investment security, and recurring income. Both men and women attempt to invest in many asset classes, but certain investments are extremely risky, while others are low risk. As a result, investors should assess risk based on their age and experience rather than their gender; this indicates that an investment in venture capital has nothing to do with gender but everything to do with the investor's age.