• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.490.1-490.1
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• 2014

The ZnO nanowire (NW)-based nanogenerators (NGs) can have rectifying current and potential generated by the coupled piezoelectric and semiconducting properties of ZnO by variety of external stimulation such as pushing, bending and stretching. So, ZnO NGs needed to enhance durability for stable properties of NGs. The durability of the metal electrodes used in the typical ZnO nanogenerators(NGs) is unstable for both electrical and mechanical stability. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is used as transparent flexible electrode but because of high cost and limited supply of indium, the fragility and lack of flexibility of ITO layers, alternatives are being sought. It is expected that carbon nanotube and Ag nanowire conductive coatings could be a prospective replacement. In this work, we demonstrated transparent flexible ZnO NGs by using CNT/Ag nanowire hybrid electrode, in which electrical and mechanical stability of top electrode has been improved. We grew vertical type ZnO NW by hydrothermal method and ZnO NW was coated with hybrid silicone coating solution as capping layer to enhance adhesion and durability of ZNW. We coated the CNT/Ag nanowire hybrid electrode by using bar coating system on a capping layer. Power generation of the ZnO NG is measured by using a picoammeter, a oscilloscope and confirmed surface condition with FE-SEM. As a results, the NGs using the CNT/Ag NW hybrid electrode show 75% transparency at wavelength 550 nm and small change of the resistance of the electrode after bending test. It will be discussed the effect of the improved flexibility of top electrode on power generation enhancement of ZnO NGs.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.283.1-283.1
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• 2013

ZnO nanowire를 기반으로 하는 nanogenerator는 미세한 움직임을 전기 에너지로 변환 시키는 압전 에너지 하베스팅 기술로 기존 에너지 하베스터와 비교하여 사용환경의 제약이 적고, 소형화가 가능한 장점으로 주목을 받고 있다. 특히 혈류, 심장박동, 호흡 등 인체 활동 에너지를 이용한 발전 소자 등의 활용이 가능하여 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 하지만, 최근 발표된 film like Vertical 구조의 nanogenerator는 nanowire의 구조 취약성으로 인해 내구성이 좋지 못한 단점이 있다. 또한 ZnO nanowire의 내부 O2 결함 및 표면 OH-기의 흡착에 의한 특성 저하가 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 nanogenerator의 내구성을 향상시키기 위해 capping layer로 실리콘 계 유무기 하이브리드를 적용하여 코팅 물질 및 코팅 방법을 최적화 하였으며 상부 전극을 CNT-Ag nanowire 소재로 대체하여 유연기판에 대응코자 하였다. 또한 APP(Atmosphere Pressure Plasma)와 ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma)장비를 사용하여 ZnO nanowire를 표면처리하였고, 각각의 플라즈마 표면처리의 영향에 대해 조사하였다. XPS를 통하여 OH-기의 제거 유무를 확인하였으며, 소자의 발전 특성의 향상을 확인 하였다.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2023

최근에 유연 전자소자에 대한 다양한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서 유연 전자소자용 금속기반의 투명 전도막으로 Ag 나노와이어로 그 가능성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 신개념의 브러시 코팅법과 상압플라즈마 기반의 아르곤 플라즈마 증발법으로 Ag 나노 물질을 글라스에 형성시켰다. 먼저 브러시로 Ag 용액을 글라스에 코팅하고, 남아있는 용매는 상압플라즈마로 제거한다. 이 용매 증발 과정에서 상압플라즈마와 용매의 반응에 의해 소리가 발생하기 때문에 용매의 남아있는 정도를 확인할 수 있다. 막의 코팅 횟수에 따른 반사도, 투과도, 흡수도와 같은 광특성 및 전기적인 결과들을 관찰하기 위하여 최대 5번 코팅하여 그 결과들을 분석하였다. 광에 의한 Ag 나노와이어와의 상호작용을 조사할 목적으로 빛의 파장을 200nm부터 800nm까지 변화시키면서 반사도 및 투과도를 측정하였으며, 반사도와 투과도 모두 5번 코팅한 샘플에서 가장 큰 변화를 나타내었다. 특히 흡수도의 경우 반사도나 투과도의 데이터와는 다르게 코팅에 따라 Ag 나노와이어의 빛에 대한 흡수도 증가 추이를 명확하게 확인할 수 있었다. 전기적인 특성은 4번 이상 코팅했을 때부터 큰 변화가 있었으며, 특히 5번 진행시 kΩ/cm2보다 낮아진 저항값을 보였다. 이러한 광 및 전기적인 결과들을 기반으로, 향후 전자소자에 적용하여 투명 전도막으로의 가능성을 검증할 계획이다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.486-491
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• 2017

Silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrode is one of next generations of flexible and transparent electrode. The electrode shows high conductivity and high transparency comparable to ITO. However, the electrode is weak against heat. The wires are separated into nanodots at temperature above $200^{\circ}C$. It causes the electrical resistance increase. Moreover, it is vulnerable to oxygen and moisture in the atmosphere. The improvement of thermal and moisture resistance of silver nanowire transparent electrode is the most important for commercializing. We proposed silver nanowires transparent electrode which is capped with very thin nickel oxide layer. The nickel oxide layer is five nanometers of thickness, but the heat and moisture resistance of the transparent electrode is effectively improved. The AgNW/NiO electrode can endure at $300^{\circ}C$ of temperature for 30 minutes, and resistance is not increased for 180 hours at $85^{\circ}C$ of temperature and 85% of relative humidity. We showed an applications of transparent and flexible heater using the electrode, the heater is operated more than $180^{\circ}C$ of temperature.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2015

Silver nanowire (AgNW) is a material that is increasingly being used for transparent electrodes, as a substitute for indium tin oxide (ITO), owing to its flexibility, high transmittance to sheet resistance ratio, and simple production process. This study involves manufacturing large-area organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) deposited on AgNW electrodes. We compared the efficiency of OPVs with ITO and AgNW electrodes. The results verified that an OPV with an AgNW electrode performed better than that with an ITO electrode. Furthermore, by using the knife coating method, we successfully fabricated large-area OPVs without the loss of efficiency. Use of AgNW instead of ITO demonstrated that an OPV could be produced on various substrates by the solution process method, dropping the productions costs significantly. Additionally, by using the knife coating method, the process time and amount of wasted solution are reduced. This leads to an increase in the efficient fabrication of the OPV.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.16-30
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• 2017

Currently, e-textile market is rapidly expanding and the emerging area of e-textiles requires electrically conductive threads for diverse applications, including wearable innovative e-textiles that can transmit/receive and display data with a variety of functions. This study introduces hybrid nano-structures which may help increase the conductivity of the textile threads for use in wearable and flexible smart apparels. For this aim, Ag was selected as a conductive material, and yarn treatment was implemented where silver nanowire (AgNW) and graphene flake (GF) hybrid structures overcome the limitations of the AgNW alone. The yarn treatment includes several treatment conditions, e.g., annealing temperature, annealing time, binder material such as polyurethane (PU), coating time, in order to search for the optimum method to form stable conductive nano-scale composite materials as thin film on the surface of textile yarns. Treatedyarns showed improved electrical resistance readings. The functionality of the spandex yarn as a stretchable conductive thread was also demonstrated. When the yarn specimens were treated with colloid of AgNW/GF, relatively good electrical conductivity value was obtained. During the extension and recovery cycles of the treated yarns, the initial resistance values did not deteriorate significantly, since the network of nanowire structure with the support of GF and polyurethane stayed flexible and stable. Through this research, it was found that when one-dimensional structure of AgNW and two-dimensional structure of GF were mixed as colloids and treated on the surface of textile yarns, flexible and stretchable electrical conductor could be formed.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2020

Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks have been adopted as a front electrode in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cells due to their low cost and compatibility with the solution process. When an AgNW network is applied to a CIGS thin film solar cell, reflection loss can increase because the CdS layer, with a relatively high refractive index (n ~ 2.5 at 550 nm), is exposed to air. To resolve the issue, we apply solution-processed ZnO nanorods to the AgNW network as an anti-reflective coating. To obtain high performance of the optical and electrical properties of the ZnO nanorod and AgNW network composite, we optimize the process parameters - the spin coating of AgNWs and the concentration of zinc nitrate and hexamethylene tetramine (HMT - to fabricate ZnO nanorods. We verify that 10 mM of zinc nitrate and HMT show the lowest reflectance and 10% cell efficiency increase when applied to CIGS thin film solar cells.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2021

In this study, composite transparent electrodes were fabricated either from a conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) or silver nanowire (AgNW). Three transparent electrodes such as PEDOT:PSS, PEDOT:PSS and AgNW mixture, and AgNW were fabricated. As for a transparent electrode, measured sheet resistance values were 89.6, 60.6 and 28.6 Ω/sq, and the transmittance values were 80.2, 82.0 and 83.8% while surface roughness (Rq) values were 4.1, 8.1, 20.4 nm for PEDOT:PSS, PEDOT:PSS and AgNW mixture, and AgNW, respectively. To verify the overall performance of these composite electrodes, we applied these electrodes to the top electrode of the solution-processed organic solar cells (OSCs). PEDOT:PSS provided the best performance with a fill factor (FF) of 51.2% and a photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.2%, while traditional metal top electrode OSC provided FF of 60.5% and PCE of 3.1%.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2023

나노 크기의 물질은 여러 기판에 코팅이 가능하며, 이 소재는 투명하며, 전도성이 있기 때문에 전자소자의 투명전극이나 전원 공급용 전극으로 활용이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 CNT와 Ag 나노와이어를 실크스크린 기법을 이용하여 반복적으로 코팅하였으며, 5번까지 형성한 샘플을 제작하여, 광학 및 전기 특성을 측정하고, 분석하였다. 실크스크린 코팅된 샘플 표면은 코팅 방향에 의한 자국이 형성되었음을 확인하였으며, 코팅한 횟수에 따른 투과도 및 표면 저항의 경향성을 조사하였다. 코팅 횟수가 늘어남에 따라 투과도 및 표면 저항은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히 투과도의 경우 2번과 5번에서 변화폭이 컸으며, 이러한 변화는 Ag 나노와이어 코팅에 의한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 700nm를 기점으로 이전 파장 영역에서는 파장에 따라 증가하는 반면 이상에서는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 표면 저항은 1번 코팅했을 때 9Ω/cm² 에서 5번 코팅을 진행하였을 때 0.856Ω/cm² 으로 낮아졌다. 투과도와 유사하게 Ag에 의하여 저항값이 영향을 받는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 향후 Ag 나노와이어의 Ag 농도 및 다른 방법으로 코팅하여 투명도가 높은 CNT와의 융합을 통하여 원하는 투명 전극을 구현하여 전자소자에 적용할 필요가 있다.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.6-10
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• 2020

The silver nanowires (AgNWs) were synthesized by the conventional polyol process, which revealed 25 ㎛ and 30 nm of average length and diameter, respectively. The synthesized AgNWs were applied to the CdSe/CdZnS quantum dot (QD) based transparent light-emitting device (LED). The device using a randomly networked AgNWs electrode had some problems such as the high threshold voltage (for operating the device) due to the random pores from the networked AgNWs. As a method of improvement, a composite electrode was formed by overlaying the ZnO:Ga on the AgNWs network. The device used the composite electrode revealed a low threshold voltage (4.4 Vth) and high current density compared to the AgNWs only electrode device. The brightness and current density of the device using composite electrode were 55.57 cd/㎡ and 41.54 mA/㎠ at the operating voltage of 12.8 V, respectively, while the brightness and current density of the device using (single) AgNWs only were 1.71 cd/㎡ and 2.05 mA/㎠ at the same operating voltage. The transmittance of the device revealed 65 % in a range of visible light. Besides the reliability of the devices was confirmed that the device using the composite electrode revealed 2 times longer lifetime than that of the AgNWs only electrode device.